Ingabe u-extrovert othembekile noma u-introvert oyamahloni? Ingabe ubeka ingozi? Ingabe impilo yakho ihlelwe? Ingabe ulaka kalula? Amaphepha angaphezu kuka-20 000 wesayensi abonisa ukuthi izakhi zethu zofuzo zithinta ubuntu bethu. Ezinye izakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha zithi amaphesenti angama-60 ebuntwini bethu azalwa, kuyilapho ezinye zivela ngenxa yezimo zemvelo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi asikho ithonya ekuziphatheni kwethu.
Ngokuqonda izimfanelo zethu zobuntu kangcono, singafunda ukuhamba ngempilo yethu ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Manje, kukhona ubuchwepheshe obukhona obungasisiza ukuba sihlanganise i-genetics ne-psychology nezinye izici zokuphila kwethu, njengobungane, umsebenzi kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele.
I-DNA Yokuqala-Efanelwe Flatshares
Nakuba amaphesenti angu-99.6 wekhodi yethu yezofuzo efana, sonke sihlukile. Nakuba amaphesenti angaphansi kwe-1 wezakhi zethu zofuzo aqukethe umehluko, lokhu kungezwani okwenza ngamunye wethu akhetheke. I-nucleotide polymorphisms (i-SNPs) ibonisa ukuguquka kwezakhi ezivamile kakhulu ezithinta ukungafani kwethu. Ama-SNP ayathinta amahomoni ethu namazinga okukhiqizwa kwe-neurotransmitter. Njengoba ama-hormone aboniswe ukuthi anethonya ekuziphatheni kwethu, singacabanga ukuthi yi-SNP esinika ukuziphatha kwethu isixhumanisi esinamandla sezakhi zofuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, amazinga aphezulu we-hormone oxytocin cishe atholakale kumuntu othandekayo, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu e-dopamine aye ahlobene nabanikezeli bezingozi.
Izivivinyo zofuzo zezobuchwepheshe manje ziyatholakala ukuthi zingahlaziya izakhi zakho zofuzo ezihlobene nama-hormone nama-neurotransmitters, okufaka i-dopamine, i-oxytocin ne-serotonin. Lezi zivivinyo zingakusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesimo sakho sokuziphatha kofuzo. I-Gemetrics ne-LifeNome yizinkampani ezimbili ezihlinzeka ngezivivinyo ze-DNA-ubuntu ezikunika ithuba lokuhlola izakhi zakho zofuzo njengoba libhekisela ekubambeni okungenzeka ukuthi badlala ekuziphatheni kwakho komphakathi, ubuciko, ukusebenza komemori, kanye nesitayela sakho sokufunda.
Ukutholakala kwamuva kwezakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha kuphefumulele nomqondo wokusebenzisa i-DNA-ukuhlolwa komuntu uma ufuna umuntu ohlala naye. I-SpareRoom, i-website yokuhlanganyela nokwabelana ngezindlu esebenza e-United States nase-United Kingdom ethula inkonzo entsha ukukusiza ukuthola umuntu ohlala naye ozofanisa iphrofayli yakho ye-DNA. Le nkampani ikwakhiwa kwezobuchwepheshe ezakhiwe yiKarmagenes, isiqalo esiseSwitzerland esisekelwe ehlanganisa i-DNA nokuhlolwa kwengqondo.
I-Karmagenes, eyisiqubulo sayo esithi "Hlangana nawe," wakha ubuchwepheshe bayo bezempilo ngokusebenzisa okufundwa ngucwaningo olushicilelwe. Ababhalisile be-SpareRoom banikezwa itikithi lokuzihlola ukuze banikeze isampula ematheni abo. Abasebenzisi nabo bathatha imibuzo yemibuzo ye-psychometric online. Emkhatsini we-Karmagenes, i-DNA yakho itholakala kumaseli akho e-epithelial saliary. Ama-SNP akho ahlonishwa futhi ahlaziywa usebenzisa i-bioinformatics. Abacwaningi baseKarmagenes basebenzisa i-algorithm ekhethekile yokuxhumanisa ama-SNP namajesini ngezici ezihlukahlukene zokuziphatha.
Umbiko wokugcina ophethwe uhlanganisa izici zobuntu ezingu-14-kubandakanya ukuzethemba, ukuzethemba nokubekezelelana kokucindezeleka-futhi kubonisa ukuthi lezi zici zithonywa kanjani izakhi zakho zofuzo. Inhloso ye-SpareRoom ukusebenzisa ukutholakala kwe-Karmagenes ukweluleka abantu ukuthi luhlobo luni lobuntu obuhambisana nabo, ukunciphisa amathuba okusebenzisana kwama-disharmonious.
I-Era entsha ye-Genomic Psychology
Abanye ochwepheshe bathi uma wazi umuthi womuntu womuntu siqu ngaphezu komlando wakhe wokuphila, ungaqonda kangcono ukuziphatha komuntu. Ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi oluthile oluthile, isazi sezengqondo singase sithole izinketho zempilo yengqondo esebenzayo. Ngokutholakala okusha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, i-psychology yendabuko iguqula ibe yimiqondo yesayensi. Indlela yokuhlola i-genomic ibheka ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto eziphathelene nezakhi zofuzo nezimo ezingokwemvelo-kuhamba ngaphezu kokuzimela.
UProfesa Turhan Canli waseStony Brook University, eNew York, uphawula ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kungasiza ochwepheshe bezengqondo hhayi nje ukuchaza kodwa futhi ukubikezela futhi mhlawumbe ukuguqula ukuziphatha komuntu.
Ucwaningo lwakhe lugxile ezintweni eziphilayo ezibangela ukuhlukana komuntu ngamunye.
Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu lakhe lokucwaninga liye lahlola ukuxhumana okungenzeka kube khona kokucindezeleka. Baye baqala imephu ye-correlates ye-neural yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-genotype ye-serotonin nokucindezeleka. Isisindo se-serotonin transporter sitholakala ku-chromosome 17, futhi sithwala ikhophi eyodwa kumzali ngamunye. Umuntu angaba nezinhlobo ezimbili ezifushane zalesi sifo, ukuhluka okukodwa okukodwa nokude okude, noma izinhlobo ezimbili ezide eside. Iqembu likaCanli lisebenzisa i-fMRI ukukala ukusebenza kobuchopho ezindaweni ezihlobene nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka (i-amygdala ne-hippocampus) kanye namazinga aphelele okugeleza kwegazi ekuphumuleni kubantu abangenawo umlando wokucindezeleka. Bafanise nemiphumela nge-genotype yomuntu.
Bathole ukuthi kulabo abathwali be-chromosome 17 ye-serotonin gene, ukucindezeleka kokuphila kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphumula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kubathwali bokuhluka okude, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kuholele ekusebenzeni okuphansi kokuphumula. I-Canli iphetha ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kokuphila kungaba nomphumela ohlukile kubantu ngokuya ngesimo sabo segciwane lesitokisi se-serotonin. Umthelela omubi wokubambezeleka ungabonwa kubathwali ngokuhlukahluka okude, kuyilapho abathwali be-allele emfushane bezwa ukucindezeleka.
I-Gene polymorphisms ihlolwe kwezinye izindawo zengqondo. Izinhlangano zitholakala nasosayensi ye-schizophrenia, isifo se-Alzheimer, ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli kokugula, ukukhathazeka kwemizwelo nokukhathazeka. Ucwaningo lwe-genome lomuntu lubonakala lubunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ekuziphatheni kwethu.
Ukulinganiselwa kwe-Genetics yokuziphatha
Nakuba izakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha zifaka isici esibalulekile socwaningo lokuziphatha, isayensi ayikwazi ukwenza isimangalo sokuthi i-DNA yethu iyisikhathi sethu. Ososayensi bangakwazi ukuzala izilwane ezinesibindi noma ezesabekayo, noma kunjalo, kunezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuxhumaneni kwezakhi zofuzo-imvelo eyenza abantu kube nzima kakhulu "ukuhlukanisa" ngokuphathelene nokubikezela ukuziphatha kwabo. Akekho ongakwazi ngempela ukuthi uyomuntu onjani nokuthi uzokwenzani ngokusekelwe kumagciwane wakho. Lo mbono uphaswa ngokwengeziwe nokuvela kwe-epigenetics, echaza ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zingashintshwa futhi zivulwe yizici zangaphandle noma ezemvelo.
Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe obusha bangase banikeze ithuba elithakazelisayo ukuze bathole ukuqonda emqondweni wethu. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bezempilo buguquka kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zintuthuko azizukuthunjwa futhi zisetshenziswe ngezindlela ezingafanele (isibonelo, ukulimaza amaqembu athile abantu noma ukwandisa izinkinga kulabo abasengozini). Abantu abaningi bathola ukufanana phakathi kofuzo lokuziphatha kanye ne-eugenics ephazamisayo. Ochwepheshe bavuma ukuthi kudingeka siqaphele kokubili izinzuzo ezingase zibe khona kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kobuchwepheshe banoveli obuhlanganiswe nezakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha futhi basebenzise intuthuko yasensimini ngendlela eqotho futhi eqaphile.
> Imithombo
> Bouchard Jr. T, Loehlin J. Genes, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, nobuntu. I-Genetics yokuziphatha . 2001; 31 (3): 243-273.
> Canli T. Ukuvela kwengqondo yezobuciko. Ukuqonda okuvela ekuhlaziyeni ngokobuciko kungavumela ukuthi izazi zengqondo ziqonde, zibikezele futhi ziguqule ukuziphatha komuntu. Imibiko ye-EMBO . 2007; 8 (Suppl1): S30-S34.
> McGue M. Ukuphela kwezakhi zofuzo zokuziphatha ?. I-Genetics yokuziphatha . May 2010; 40 (3): 284-296.
> Plomin R, Colledge E. I-Genetics ne-psychology: Ngaphandle kokufaneleka. Isazi sezengqondo saseYurophu . 2001; 6 (4): 229-240.