Yini Ekhona & Yini Okwamanje Emisebenzini
Izivivinyo eziningi zezokwelapha ezazivame ukwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela manje zingenziwa ekhaya lakho usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthenga. Ngokwesibonelo, amadoda manje angahlola ukuzala ngokusebenzisa isidoda sasekhaya "selfie" uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-YO, olwakhiwa yi-Los Angeles-Based Medical Electronic Systems.
I-Medical Systems Systems iye yenza ama-analyzers wesilisa ngokuzenzakalelayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
I-Y ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye nezinyathelo zesidakamizwa sezinambuzane (inombolo yesidoda eshukumisayo sembewu). Inamaphesenti angaba ngu-97 ngokunembile futhi ibiza izindleko ezingaphansi kwe $ 50, okwenza kube indlela engabizi futhi elula yokuhlola ukuzala komuntu engaphansi kwemizuzu emithathu. Wonke umsebenzisi okumele akwenze ukubeka isidoda sakhe kwisilayidi (esitholakala ku-Medical Electronic Systems) bese ufaka isilayidi ku-YO clip esixhuma nge-smartphone. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-YO luhambisana ne-Android kanye ne-iOS. Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlaziya isampula yesilisa futhi luvumela umsebenzisi ukubukela isampula esikrinini sefoni njengevidiyo yesikhathi sangempela. Kulabo abazibuza ngezinto ezibonakalayo zalesi sifo, umkhiqizi uchaza ukuthi isidoda asithinti ifoni. Futhi, i-YO kit ifika ngamakhikithi amabili ahlanzekile (ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kungabuyekezwa).
Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwamanzi omzimba okwamanje sekukhona njengamaphutha asekhaya. Ukunemba kwalezi zivivinyo manje sekuvame ukufana nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwelebhu.
Igazi, umchamo, izinyembezi, ukujuluka, amathe, nezinye izifo zomzimba zithatha izinkomba eziningi mayelana nempilo yakho. Inqwaba yamakhikithi asekhaya we-biofluids agxile kwigazi nomchamo. Noma kunjalo, ama-kits for amasampula amancane ajwayelekile manje aya emakethe.
I-Ear Wax
Thatha u-wax indlebe, isibonelo. Ingxube yezingubo zokugaya izikhumba kanye nezinto ezinamafutha, indlebe ye-ear iyinkinga enzima kakhulu yokuhlola ngoba iqukethe ama-molecule athile engahlanjululwa emanzini.
Kodwa-ke, i-wax indlebe ingaba usizo kakhulu ekuhloleni izimo ezithile, njengezifo ezithathelwanayo, i-cystic fibrosis, ne-rhinitis ye-allergen.
Ukuchofoza i-wax indlebe kungahlinzeka ngekhala eliqeqeshiwe ulwazi oluthile. Isibonelo, kukhona iphunga lomzimba ezigulini ezine-disabulus disorder eyaziwa njenge-maple syrup isifo se-urine (branched-chain ketoacidosis). Abanye ochwepheshe bacacisa ukuthi izindlebe ze-wax zokuzihlobisa ezizayo zingase zihlanganise izindlela eziningi ezivivinyayo zokuhlola, njengokubheka ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali ajwayelekile (ama-VOCs), angabonakalisa isimo somuntu womzimba.
Khupha
I-Sweat enye enye yamanzi emzimbeni angabhekwa ngokucophelela futhi engekho emangalisayo. Ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi nokukhulelwa ngokomzimba, ngokwesibonelo, kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa i-electronic sensor sensor esilinganisa ibhalansi ye-electrolytes. Ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe bezempilo, ungathola isaziso ngaphambi kwenkinga enkulu emzimbeni.
Ukuthuthukisa idivayisi egugulekayo enembile engakwazi ukukhukhumeza ngokweqile i-electrochemical has sweven difficult. U-Wei Gao, uprofesa othisha we-Medical Engineering eCalifornia Institute of Technology, kanye nabo asebenza nabo bafaka idivayisi ye-biomonitoring ehamba phambili yokuthukumeza okungukuthi i-Bluetooth inikwe amandla futhi iqukethe iphaneli yezinzwa ze-sodium, potassium, lactate, i-glucose, nokushisa kwesikhumba.
Ukuqalwa kwabo kwakungenye yemizamo yokuqala yokusebenzisa izinzwa eziningi ukuqapha ukujuluka ngokuqhubekayo ngedivaysi enekhono le-Bluetooth. UGao kanye neqembu lakhe banethemba lokuthi maduzane lobu buchwepheshe obuzungezile buzokala ezinye izilinganiso zezempilo futhi, njengamazinga asebenzayo ezidakamizwa.
Igazi
Nakuba kulula, izilinganiso ze-sweat azizona zonke izikhathi ezinembile njengokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ngegazi kusekhona okuthandwa kakhulu. Ukudonsa okuncane kwegazi lethu kunganikeza ulwazi olubanzi lwemininingwane mayelana nemigomo yethu yempilo. Njengamanje, ingenye yezindlela ezinhle zokuhlola izimo ezibucayi. Isibonelo, kusukela ngo-2012 i-FDA iye yavuma ukuhlola okungekho emthethweni kwe-HIV okusebenzisa inani elincane legazi elithathwe ngumsebenzisi.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ekusebenzeni kokuhlolwa kwekhaya, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kukhona iphutha lomsebenzisi. Ucwaningo lwesiFulentshi oluhlola ukuthi abasebenzisi bakwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili, bathole ukuthi abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-99 abahlanganyeli abaphethe kahle ngokuhlolwa. Basebenzisa izinaliti ze-lancet ukuthola amaconsi egazi futhi bafunde ngemiphumela yabo ngokunembile.
Kodwa-ke, isifundo esifanayo sokuhlolwa kwe-HIV e-Afrika eyenziwa nguRoger Peck, osebenza njengososayensi ocwaninga ngenhlangano engeyona inzuzo PATH esekela impilo emisha, yabonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-25 wabasebenzisi abazange bahumushe ngokuhlola kahle. Ukuthola kwakhe kubonisa ukulinganiselwa okungenzeka kokuhlolwa kwamanzi emzimbeni okwenziwe ekhaya ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe. Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo oluthile lobuchwepheshe bezempilo lwenza ukuhlola okuyimfihlo kwabanye abantu abangazange bathathe ukuhlolwa ngenye indlela.
I-Urine
Ukuzivocavoca komchamo-ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi nge-glucose, igazi, amaprotheni, namakhemikhali emcintini-kuyafaneleka nakakhulu. Ngo-2016, isofthiwe entsha yaqaliswa ososayensi baseStanford University abangasiza ekuqedeni ezinye zeziphambeko zokuhlaziywa komcibisholo womcibisholo ekhaya. Amaphutha avamile afaka ngqo ukulethwa kwesampula, isikhathi, nombani.
Ithimba lokucwaninga laseStanford, eliholwa nguprofesa othisha u-Audrey Bowden, lafika nesisombululo esithinta ibhokisi elimnyama (ukuqeda ukukhishwa kwemibane) kanye nesistimu eminingi elayini lapho isampula yomchamo ilayishwa khona. Isixazululo sabo siqinisekisa ukuthi isampula yakho isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo uma ifakwe ebhokisini lokuhlola. Isibonelo sakho sihlolwa ngokubeka i-smartphone yakho ebhokisini bese usebenzisa ikhamera yefoni ukuthatha isampula. Isofthiwe eyenzelwe ngokwezifiso ihlaziya isampuli futhi inikeza imiphumela. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kubonise ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwekhaya kunembile njengokuhlolwa komchamo kwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.
Izinhlanzi
Manje sisazi ukuthi izitshalo zethu zomgodla ziwumthombo wolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ngempilo yethu kanye. Ochwepheshe kule ndawo bathi i-microbiome yethu iqondene nathi kakhulu kune-DNA yethu. Amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 kuphela emabhakeni ethu asegundane abiwe nabanye (uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-99.9 weDNA yethu). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwendwangu yethu kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ezimpilweni zethu zomuntu ngamunye.
I-microbiome yethu ibonakala iyashintsha uma sigula, kanye nalapho sigula izifo ezithile (isib. Isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka, nokukhuluphala). Ososayensi baqala ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi athengekayo ukudweba i-microbiome yethu kanye nekhamera ezimbalwa zekhaya ezitholakala kwezohwebo. Noma kunjalo, ukuze uthole imiphumela yakho, usadingeka ukuthi uthumele isampula yakho ebhodini eligunyaziwe.
Eyasungulwa ngo-2012 ngabacwaningi abavela eStanford, e-Oxford nase-UCSF, uBiome uletha isayensi yezokwelapha zomzimba ezincane ekhaya lakho. Le nkampani inikeza ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-microbiome okufaka ikhamera elula yokuqoqa oyisebenzisayo ukususa iphepha lakho langasese. Ngemuva kokuba isampula ihlaziywe, unikezwa umbiko oningiliziwe kumagciwane ezinambuzane zakho, izifo ezithile, nezimo zegundane. Imephu I-My Gut yinye isilingo esingakwazi ukubona amakhemikhali ahlala emaphethelweni akho emathunjini. Nakuba ukulandelana kwe-microbiome kusasele kuncike ebhodini elungisiwe lokuhlaziywa nokuchazwa, ungaba usosayensi wesakhamuzi uma usebenzisa la mathuluzi ukuze ufunde ngamagciwane akho.
5 ngo-1
Abaqashi bezempilo bazama ukwenza lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwezempilo yedijithali ziphelele. Thatha i-Cue, okuyi-unit unit encane eyisizinda esakhelwe ukusebenzisa amakladididi ahlukile ukuhlola izinkomba ezihlukahlukene ze-biometric. Ukuze usebenzise i-Cue, udinga ukuqoqa amakhemikhali athile omzimba, ufake isampula ibe yiklabhudi encane encane, bese uyifaka ku-Cue base reader. Ukusebenzisa i-cartridges ethize I-Cue ingakunikeza ulwazi ngokuvuvukala, ukuzala, ne-vithamini D. Ibuye isilinganise isifo se-testosterone (esivela emthonjeni wamathe) kanye nomkhuhlane (kusuka kwi-swab evela emakhaleni akho).
I-app ye-smartphone ye-Cue ikuvumela ukuba uzibone ngeso lengqondo izitayela zakho zezempilo futhi uthole izaziso zezempilo ezihlakaniphile nezikhumbuzo eziphathelene nokudla nokusebenza kwakho. Impendulo etholakalayo iyisici esikhethekile se-Cue. Isibonelo, uma iziphazamisi zokuvuvukala (CRP) ziphakanyisiwe, uhlelo lukwazisa ngokudla okulwa nokuvuvukala okumele ulufake ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke.
Izinkinga zezempilo zebesifazane
Abesifazane abancelisayo ngokuvamile abagwema ukuphuza. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi lapho utshwala kudla khona. Njengoba utshwala bungabathinta abantwana, amama ngokuvamile athola isimo esiphikisanayo sokuthi ukondla ingane noma kungakapheli yini iziphuzo. I-UpSpring Baby ithuthukiswe i-MilkScreen-ukuhlolwa okulula ekhaya-okuthola utshwala ebisi lwebele-ukuze kusize ukwenza isinqumo sokusebenzisa ubisi ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala. Idivayisi ithole izibuyekezo ezixubile ezivela kubathengi kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo mayelana nomkhiqizo ayitholakali, okuphakamisa ukuthi isifundo sasingenele ngendlela ethile.
Ubuchwepheshe bezempilo ekhaya-ekhaya ngokuphathelene nokubeletha kwezingane zabesifazane kungase kube kuhle kakhulu kule nhlobo. I-OvaCue (eyakhiwe yi-Zetek, Inc.) iyimenenja ye-elekthronikhi ehlola i-salive kanye ne-vagin umcus we-hormone estrogen. I-probe ye-vaginal ibona lapho umzimba wesifazane usuka e-estrogen kuya ku-progesterone, inkomba ye-ovulation. Idivaysi inyathelo lokumelana kagesi kwamanzi asemzimbeni futhi iyaphendula nokuhlushwa kwama-electrolyte atholakalayo. Umqapha we-OvaCue wokuzala uveza izitayela kanye nezixwayiso umsebenzisi wezinyanga zenyanga lapho kubonakala khona ukuzala okuphezulu. Lezi zindlela zamathuluzi ezempilo zedijithali zingaba usizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanemijikelezo engavamile yokuya esikhathini kanye ne-polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Amadivayisi asekhaya angasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokumisa esikhathini. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa isampula yomchamo ukuhlola amazinga e-follicle evuselela i-hormone (FSH). Eziningi zale mikhiqizo zithole imvume ye-FDA. Omunye umkhiqizo onjalo yi-Monitor Established Menopause Monitor. Imiphumela evela kulokhu kuqapha ingasiza ngesinqumo esingase siqale ngokuphathwa kwe-menopausal. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukulawula ingozi ye-osteoporosis (isimo sivame ukuhlobana nokuya esikhathini).
> Imithombo:
> Gao W, Emaminejad S, Brooks G, et al. Ama-sensor we-wearable sensor egcwele ngokugcwele wokuhlaziywa kwe-in situ perspiration. Uhlobo , 2016; 529 (7587): 509-514
> Peck R, Lim J, Taegtmeyer M, et al. Yini Okufanele Ukuzivocavoca Kwe-HIV Okufanele Kubukeke? Isifundo Sokusebenzisa Ukuhlolwa Izindlela zokuzivikela ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-HIV ezizivivinya ukuzivivinya eKenya, eMalawi naseNingizimu Afrika. Usizo nokuziphatha , 2014; 18: S422-S432
> Prazuck T, Karon S, Pialoux G, et al. I-Finger-Stick Ephelele-Igazi I-HIV Yokuzivivinya I-HIV njengesixhobo sokuhlola i-HIV esithathwa yi-General Public. Plos ONE , 2016; 11 (2): 1-10.
> Ama-Roeselers G, uBouwman J, uLevin E. I-microbiome yegciwane lomuntu, ukudla, nempilo: "Thumela i-hoc non ergo propter hoc". Amathrendi eSayensi Yokudla Nezobuchwepheshe , 2016; 57: 302-305
> Shokry E, Pereira J, Antoniosi Filho N, et al. I-Earwax metabolomics: Isifundo sokuphrofayili se-pilot esilungile sokuhlola ukuguquguquka kwesimiso sezinyosi ngesikhathi se-periparturition period. I-Plos ONE , 2017; 12 (8): 1-22
> Smith G, Dwork N, uJavanmard M, et al. I-dipstick urinalysis enamandla esebenzisa i-platform yocingo elincane, elincane le-micro-volume elishiya kanye neselula. I-Lab On A Chip , 2016; 16 (11): 2069-2078.