Iyini i-P53 nokuthi Iyini Indima Eyayidlala Ngomdlavuza?
Iyini i-Gene p53?
Iyini ngempela i-p53 gene futhi indima yimuphi indima ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni komdlavuza?
I-p53 Gene i-Genetic Suppressor Gene
Igazi le-p53 liyisigqi esilungisa amaprotheni okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwezidumbu (ngaphezu kweminye imisebenzi). Iyaziwa ngokuthi igciwane lesisindo somzimba . Uma lesi sakhi sofuzo sishintshwa-okungukuthi, sishintshwa ngandlela-thile ngendalo noma ifa, amaseli awonakele avunyelwe ukuba asinde, futhi ekugcineni, abe ngamaseli omdlavuza.
I-p53 i-Gene Mutation ijwayelekile
Ukuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo se-p53 (esitholakala ku-chromosome 17) yisisindo esivamile kakhulu esitholakala emangqamuzaneni yomdlavuza futhi sitholakala kuma-cancer angu-50%.
Uyini i-p53 Gene Do?
Igazi le-p53 libhekene namaprotheni angakwazi ukulungisa amangqamuzana abonakalisiwe noma abangela amangqamuzana awonakele ukuba afe, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-apoptosis. Uma isakhi singasebenzi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamathambo, la maprotheni alungisa amaseli noma aqede amaseli awonakele akhiqizwa, futhi amaseli angavamile avunyelwe ukuhlukanisa nokukhula.
Indlela elula kakhulu yokubuka isakhi se-p53 kungaba ukuzithokozisa njengegeni le-p53, kanye neplumber njengenye yamaphrotheni ongayilawula. Uma uvuza amanzi futhi "usebenza ngendlela efanele," uzokwazi ukushaya ucingo ku-plumber. I-plumber ingase ifike ekhaya lakho bese ilungisa iphampu elivulekile noma isuse ngokuphelele ukuvimba ukuvuza kwamanzi.
Uma ungenakukwazi ukwenza ucingo (olufana negalelo lephutha le-p53), i-plumber ngeke ibizwe futhi ukuvuza kuyoqhubeka (okufana namaseli omdlavuza ohlukanisa), futhi ekugcineni umkhuhlane wakho ekhaya.
Ngamanye amazwi, igazi le-p53 lisebenza njengethente lokuphepha elivimbela amangqamuzana angavamile ukuba athuthuke abe yizicathulo ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko (njengamanje - kunokuningi okudingeka sikufunde mayelana ne-p53.) Ngu:
- Ukulungisa umonakalo ku-DNA ngaphambi kokuthi amaseli awonakele ahlukane (futhi udlulise iphutha.)
- Kubangela i-apoptosis. Uma umonakalo we-DNA ukhulu kakhulu ukulungiswa, izakhi zofuzo ezicindezelayo zifake isifo sokufa (i-apoptosis) ukuze umonakalo ungadluli.
- I-P53 cishe ineminye imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nemiphumela ekusetshenzisweni komzimba okudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni komdlavuza.
Yini Ebangelwa Ukulimaza kuGene P53?
Igazi le-p53 lingalimala (lihanjiswe) yizinto ezibangelwa umdlavuza emvelweni , ezifana nentuthu kagwayi . Kungase kungabi khona nakwezinye abantu kusukela ekuzalweni. Abantu abazuza i-copy eyodwa ye-p53 gene (i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome) bajwayele ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza kamuva ekuphileni.
Okubalulekile kwe-Gene p53 ku-Cancer Lung
Ukuqonda isakhi sofuzo se-p53 kanye namaphrotheni awakhiphayo kungabangela izindlela ezingcono zokuxilonga nokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esizayo.
Imithombo:
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Farnebo, M. et al. I-p53 i-tumor supprossor: i-master regulator yezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezinsizakalo kanye nomgomo wokwelapha emdlalweni. I-Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 2010. 396 (1): 85-9.
Hecht. S. Intuthuko nezinselele ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ze-carcinogenesis kagwayi. Ukucwaninga kweMichiza ku-Toxicology . 2008. 21 (1): 160-71.
Abamnene, D. Umthethonqubo wempendulo ye-p53 nobuhlobo bawo nomdlavuza. Journal Biochemical . 2015. 469 (3): 325-46.
U-Muller, uP., no-K. Youden. ukushintshashintsha kwe-p53 emdlalweni. I-Cell Cell Biology . 2013. 15 (1): 2-8
UPfeifer, G. no A. Besaratinia. I-spectral yomthelela womdlavuza womuntu. I-Genetic Human . 2009. 125 (5-6): 493-506.
Wang, X., Simpson, E., noK. Brown. p53: Ukuvikelwa ekukhuleni kwe-Tumor engaphezu kwe-Effect on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis. Ucwaningo lweCans . 2015 Nov 16. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).