Shintsha Kulashwa Kwezifo ZasePasinson
Lapho wena noma umuntu omthandayo enesifo se- Parkinson (i-PD), kungabonakala sengathi ukwelashwa okusha nokuhle akunakho ndawo ekugcineni. Kodwa uma ucabangela umlando wezokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezintsha ze-PD, kunesizathu sokuba nethemba. Nakuba i-PD cishe yayiyaziwa kubantu abadala, yayingafundiwe ngokujulile kuze kube yisikhathi esiphakathi (okusobala ukuthi isazi sefilosofi esingumSulumane uAverroes).
I-PD ayibonakali kahle ezweni lasendulo mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi babengenawo ama-60s noma ama-70s ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke i-PD kumelwe ukuba yayingavamile kakhulu ezweni lasendulo kunanamuhla. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwe-PD aluzange luqale kuze kube yilapho uJacob Parkinson enyathelisa 'i-Essay ekukhulekeleni komzimba' ngo-1817. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuya phambili, izimpawu nezimpawu zePD zaziwa njenge-syndrome noma iqoqo lezimpawu ezaba nesisusa esivamile. Emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulwini lama-20, isifo sofuba sashaya umhlaba. Ezinye izisulu zalesi sifo zaveza izibonakaliso ze-PD kanti amacala abo afundiswa ngokujulile, ngaleyo ndlela eqhubeka nokwazi izimpawu zeparkinsonian. Ngama-1940 no-50s, imishanguzo ye-neurosurgical yayisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-PD. Ngo-1960, kutholakala ukuthi i- dopamine yehla ebuchosheni babantu abane-PD. Ngo-1961 kuya ku-1962, sithola izivivinyo zokuqala eziphumelelayo ze-levodopa. Ngo-1968, amaphilisi e-levodopa ayatholakala ukuze asetshenziswe.
Lokhu kwakuyikhono elikhulu ekwelapheni i-PD. Ukwelashwa kwe-Levodopa kwasebenza kahle kwezinye iziguli ukuthi zingaphila ukuphila okuvamile. Ngokushesha kwatholakala ukuthi i-levodopa yayinezimo ezimbi ezingathandeki futhi ayikwazanga ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo ukuze izidakamizwa ezintsha zithuthukiswe ukuze zilawule le mibi kanye nokuqhubeka kancane kwesifo.
I-Bromocriptine kanye ne-MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl yasungulwa ngawo-1970. I-Per gold, i-selegiline ne-antioxidant therapies yasungulwa ngawo-1980. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa okujulile kokuvuselela ubuchopho kwaqalwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980 kanti amasu we-neurosurgical ahlanjululwa eminyakeni yama-80 no-90. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-FDA yokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile be-nucleus ye-subthalamic ekwelapheni ukwesaba okukhulu ngo-1997. I- dopamine agonists , i-pramipexole ne-ropinirole yavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa kulowo nyaka. I-Tolcapone ne-Entacapone yavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngonyaka olandelayo ka-1998. Kuwo wonke ama-1990, eziningi zeziphene zofuzo eziye zathinteka ku-PD zatholakala. Ukubona kwalezi zifo ezingavamile kungabangela izindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha kuma-2000. Ukwelashwa kwe-gene kwa-PD kwafakwa ngo-2005. Ngama-90s nakwa-2000, ukuphumelela kwe- biological cell biology kwakusikisela ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zizofika maduzane nakuba kungekho ukwelapha okunjalo okwamanje.
Ngo-2006, kwakhiwa i-MAO-B inhibitor entsha ebizwa nge-rasagiline. Ngalolo nyaka, indlela entsha yokwelapha i-PD, okuthiwa yi-antiapoptotic therapy, yaqala. Yenzelwe ukuvimbela ukufa kwamaseli e-dopamine. I-apoptosis ibhekisela 'ku-cell-death death' ehlelwe phakathi kwamaseli e-dopamine weziguli ze-PD.
Futhi izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-apoptotic kufanele zivimbele lokhu kubulawa kweseli okuhleliwe. Kuze kube manje lezi zidakamizwa zisaphenywa. Ngonyaka ka-2007 i-dopamine patch yasungulwa (i-rotigotine) ukuletha i-dopamine egazini ngendlela efanelana ngayo kanjalo ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi. Phakathi nawo wonke amashumi eminyaka edlule ekhulwini lama-20, zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa zazisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu ezingezona izimoto ze-PD njengeziphazamiso ezingqondweni, izinkinga zokulala, izinkinga zemizwelo nokunye.
Manje qaphela ukuthi uma i-PD yaqashelwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 njengesiyaluyalu se-dopamine metabolism, izinqubo ezintsha zokwelapha ze-PD zakhiwe ngokushesha.
Njengoba iminyaka eyishumi idlulile, ijubane lemisha lemisha labonakala likhuphuka kakhulu kangangokuba ngonyaka wama-2000 sinezinhlobo eziningana zokhetho zokwelapha ezintsha ezivela ekuphumeni - kusukela ekutheni isifo se-geni esisha esingaba yisifo se-antiopoptotic - lawo mathuba wokulondoloza ukuzimela kulo lonke lesi sifo kungcono futhi kube ngcono. Ngiyethemba ukuthi inhlanganisela efanele ye-agent izotholakala eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ukuze kuqhubeke ukukhula kwesifo.
Imithombo
> Wiener, WJ kanye ne Factor, SA (2008). Isikhathi esilandelayo se-Parkinson Disease History kusukela ngo-1900. Ku: Izifo zika-Parkinson: Ukuxilongwa kanye nokuPhathwa kweziMitholampilo: Edition lwesibili Ehlelwe nguStewart A Factor, DO noWilliam J Weiner, MD. I-New York: Ukushicilelwa Kwezidakamizwa ze-Demos; > pps >. 33-38.