Amagciwane amaningi - kubandakanya amabhaktheriya, ama-virus (njenge-Epstein-Barr virus), nama-parasites - ahlobene ne-lymphoma. Eqinisweni, cishe amaphesenti angu-18 omdlavuza womhlaba wonke angaxhunyaniswa nama-germs, ngokusho kwesilinganiso esisodwa. Noma kunjalo, ukuvezwa kwegciwane kuphela akukwanele ukudala ukulimala ezimweni eziningi. Kunezinye izici ezibalulekile zomuntu ezithandwayo, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo kanye nokwehluka kwamanye emzimbeni omzimba womzimba kulezi zifo.
I-EBV ne-Lymphoma
I-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), igciwane elibangela i- mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, lihlasela abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Empeleni, abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 abantu bonke ekugcineni banesandulela nge-EBV, futhi igciwane liyaqhubeka isikhathi eside, nakuba ubukhona bayo bungabalulekile kwabaningi. Ukutheleleka kakhulu kwe-EBV ezinganeni kunzima noma kubangele izimpawu ezingezona, kanti izifo ezenzeka kuqala ngesikhathi sobusha zingabangela i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo ngamaphesenti angu-50 weziguli.
Okwenza i-EBV ihluke kusukela ekubukeni kwe- lymphoma ukuthi inesethi esiyingqayizivele yezakhi zofuzo ezibangela ukuqhutshwa kokukhula kwamangqamuzana ukuthi kuthinta. I-EBV ihlasela kakhulu ama- B-cell (uhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe legazi). Ngenkathi isikhathi esiningi ukutheleleka kubangela ukulimala okuncane, ngezinye izikhathi izakhi zofuzo ezikhulayo eziseB-cell zingase zihlotshaniswe ne-khansa kubantu abathile. Ngakho-ke, i-EBV ibhekwa njengengozi yezinhlobo ezithile ze-lymphoma.
I-Post-Transplant Lymphoma ne-AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
I-EBV ihlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukisa i- lymphoma ngemuva kokuguquka komzimba . Ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokufakelwa kwesilwane , labo abathola ukufakelwa kufanele banikezwe izidakamizwa ezivimbela impendulo yokuzivikela emzimbeni kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuvumela isitho esitshalwe kabusha ukugwema ukulahlwa ngumzimba ngomamukeli, kodwa lezi zidakamizwa, ngeshwa, zingenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba futhi zenze umzimba utholakale nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane, kuhlanganise ne-EBV.
Phakathi ne-AIDS futhi, ukulahlekelwa yisigciwane sokuzivikela komzimba phezu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo emzimbeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ama-virus afana ne-EBV angabangela ukukhula okungavamile kwama-B-cells anesifo sosizo kanye nokuwasiza abe yi-lymphomas.
I-Burkitt's Lymphoma kanye ne-Malaria
I-Burkitt lymphoma, noma i-BL, iyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezingezona i-Hodgkin lymphoma ezinganeni nasebancane emhlabeni jikelele. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Afrika, i-EBV ixhunyaniswe kakhulu ne- Burkitt's lymphoma . Ikakhulukazi, ukutheleleka kokuqala kwe- EBV kuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-BL. I-EBV ibangela ushintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo olusiza ukuguqula amangqamuzana e-B ibe ngumdlavuza. Ukutheleleka kwe-malaria okuphindaphindiwe nakho kusiza i-EBV ukuba ibangele i-lymphomas.
Lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi uDkt Denis Burkitt, isithunywa sevangeli sase-Ireland, nodokotela ohlinzayo owasebenza e-Afrika. U-Burkitt nozakwabo bathola i-BL ngo-1957, lapho kwakukhona khona amacala ezindaweni ezihlala khona lapholaleveva - okuthiwa i-lymphoma belt. Kodwa-ke, i-malaria yi-parasite ephazamisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, hhayi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi lymphoma, ngakho-ke indlela eqondile yayiyimfihlakalo iminyaka engu-50.
Nokho, ehlobo lika-2015, ukukhanya okunye kukhishwe ngale ndaba, nakuba kuhlolwa kwezilwane. Ukusebenza namagundane, abacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseRockefeller eholwa nguMichel Nussenzweig bathole ukuthi i-enzyme efanayo esiza ukwenza ama-antibodies ukulwa ne-malaria futhi ibangele ukulimala kwe-DNA okungabangela i-Burkitt's lymphoma.
Ucwaningo lwanyatheliswa ngo-Agasti 2015 encwadini ethi "Cell."
I-Lodphoma kaHodgkin
I-Hodgkin's lymphoma , noma i-HL, enye uhlobo lwe-lymphoma ehlobene ne-EBV. Emazweni asentshonalanga, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abane-HL nabo banesandulela nge-EBV. Izinga lokutheleleka lingase liphakeme nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Indlela eqondile i-EBV engabangela ngayo i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ayiqondakali kahle, kodwa kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi i-EBV inendima ebalulekile okufanele idlale ekuthuthukiseni le lymphoma. Nakuba kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo se-Hodgkin, okuvame kakhulu ukuxhumeka kweselula, i-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma.
I-HL emaqenjini asebekhulile nasezingane, ikakhulukazi abafana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10, iboniswe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ibe ne-EBV-ehlobene ne-HL kubantu abadala.
I-EBV-I-Diffuse I-B-cell Lymphoma Enkulu Yabadala
Nakuba ukusabalalisa i-B-cell lymphoma enkulu (DLBCL) kuye kwabonakala isikhathi esithile, i-DLBCL ye-EBV-asebekhulile yachazwa ngo-2003, futhi ibhalwe ohlwini ngezikhathi ezithile ohlelweni lwesigaba se-World Health Organization luka-2008 - oluchaza ngokuthi "i-EBV -I-monoclonal enkulu ye-B-cell eyanda kakhulu eyenzeka kwiziguli> eneminyaka engu-50 ubudala futhi engaziwa ukuthi i-immunodeficiency noma umlando we-lymphoma. "Lokhu kubulawa kuvame kakhulu e-Asia kodwa futhi kwenzeka eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu ngezinga eliphansi .
> Imithombo:
> Brady G, MacArthur GJ, Farrell PJ. I-Epstein-Barr virus ne-Burkitt lymphoma. I-Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2007; 60 (12): 1397-1402.
> Kapatai G, Murray P. Ukunikezwa kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr ku-pathogenesis yamangqamuzana ye-Hodgkin lymphoma. I-Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2007; 60 (12): 1342-1349.
> Ok CY, i-Papathomas TG, i-Medeiros LJ, i-Young KH. I-EBV-positive idlulisa i-B-cell lymphoma enkulu yabantu asebekhulile. Igazi. 2013; 122 (3): 328-340.
> IYunivesithi yaseRockefeller. I-Science News. Ucwaningo olusha lusiza ukuthi kungani umdlavuza wegazi obulalayo uvame ukubathinta izingane ezine-malaria.