Ukubiza ngokulula 24/7
Uma ungumuntu oyisithulu noma onzima ukuzwa, ungase wazi ukuthi kungekudala kakhulu, ukwenza ucingo olulula kwakuyinselele yangempela. Uma unenhlanhla, uhlala endaweni enezinsizakalo zokuthutha zokuzithandela. Kodwa kungathatha amahora ukushaya ucingo ngenxa yohlu olude lwabafonisi ngaphambi kwakho. Lapho kungekho nsizakalo yokuthungatha izithulu itholakale, kwadingeka ukuthi uthembele emthonjeni wezinhlobo zokuzwa noma izihlobo.
Lokho kwashintsha lapho ama-American Disabled Act (ADA), adluliselwa ngo-1990, agunyaze ukusungulwa kwensizakalo yezokuxhumana yocingo lonke (TRS) kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa noma ukukhuluma. I-TRS ilawulwa yi-Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Namuhla, le nsizakalo yokudlulisela iyatholakala kuwo wonke amazwe angu-50, esifundeni saseColombia, ePuerto Rico, nasezindaweni zase-US zombili izingcingo zendawo nezindawo ezide. Le nsizakalo ikhululekile kubasebenzisi bayo, ngezindleko ezihlanganiswe ngombuso noma umthombo wezimali ohulumeni.
Izinhlobo zezinsiza zokuthunyelwa
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinsizakalo zokudlulisela: i-traditional and broadband, ividiyo esheshayo. Izinsizakalo zokudluliselwa zendabuko zinokuxhumana konke kumbhalo kuphela, nge-TTY noma nge-intanethi. Isevisi yokudlulisa ividiyo isebenzisa i-video yevidiyo noma ikhamera yewebhu kanye nomhumushi wolimi lwezandla . Cishe zonke izinsizakalo zokuhambisa zihilela opharetha, obizwa ngokuthi umsizi wezokuxhumana, odlulisa okuqukethwe kwekholi emuva naphambili phakathi kwabafonisi.
Ukufinyelela Izinsizakalo Zokudlulisela
Ukusebenzisa ucingo oluvamile, ungafinyelela isevisi yendabuko edluliselwe emahoreni angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-7 ngesonto, ngokudayela okungama-711 noma inombolo yamahhala. (I-FCC inephepha langempela lokusebenzisa i-711 ukuze uxhumane nensizakalo yokudlulisela emuva.) Wonke umbuso unesevisi yawo yokuthutha.
Isevisi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ingafinyelelwa nge-website yesevisi yokuthunyelwa noma imiyalezo esheshayo.
Ukudluliswa kwamavidiyo kufinyelelwe ngokuxhumana nomsebenzi wokudlulisa ngevidiyo yevidiyo njengeVP (Sorenson) noma i-Ojo (Snap! VRS). Amanye amafoni - ngokwesibonelo, i-T-Mobile Sidekick - ingaba nesofthiwe yamahhala efakwe (isibonelo: i711) yokuxhumana nezinsizakalo zokudlulisela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umlayezo osheshayo.
Ukusebenzisa Izinsizakalo Zokudlulisela
Izinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa kombhalo we-inthanethi zinikeza ukuxhumana okuphephile ku-inthanethi Iningi liba nezici ezifana nekhono lokulondoloza ingxoxo njengefayela le-HTML kanye nekhono lokulungisa usayizi wefonti nesizinda noma umbala wombhalo. Izinsizakalo ezisekelwe kuwebhu zinganikeza amabhokisi okuxoxa ahlukene womuntu oshaya ucingo nomsizi wokuxhumana, kanye nezithonjana. Amasevisi okuthumela umlayezo osheshayo futhi avumela izingxoxo zomlayezo osheshayo ukuze zilondolozwe. Ukuhumusha kweSpanishi kuyatholakala futhi.
Abanye abantu abayizithulu, ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi abanezakhono zolimi lwe-American Sign Language (ASL), bathi ukwenza izingcingo ezidluliselwayo ngezinsizakalo zokudluliselwa kwevidiyo yezandla zomsindo kuyashesha futhi kuphumelele kakhulu.
Izibonelo zezinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa
Izinkampani eziningana zinikeza ngezinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa. Labo abalwe ngezansi yizibonelo, hhayi uhlu olunzulu.
Izinsizakalo eziningi ezithunyelwayo zinikeza izinketho eziningi (iwebhu, yendabuko, nevidiyo).
- Imilayezo esheshayo (AIM = AOL Imibiko esheshayo)
- I711 idluliselwe - I-AIM: i711relay
- I-Hamilton Relay -: AIM: ThatsHamilton
- I-Hawk Relay - I-AIM: I-HawkRelay
- Amandla Ku-AIM: hovrsIM
- Ukulayishwa kwe-IP - I-AIM: Ukuthunyelwa kwami kwe-IP
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-Sorenson - AIM: Siprelay
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-Sprint: AIM - SprintIP
- Ukulayishwa kwevidiyo
- i711
- I-AT & T
- Isikhungo sokufinyelela sokuxhumana
- Izinsizakalo Zokuxhumana Zabantu abayizithulu
- Izinsizakalo Zezinhlelo Zokudluliselwa Kwevidiyo
- Snap! VRS
- Ama-Relay Services Relay Isiqophi
- Sprint
- I-Web isekelwe
- I-AT & T
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-Hamilton
- IP-Relay
- Ukusetha kabusha kwe-IP kwe-Sprint
Kukhona futhi isevisi ye-Federal Relay Service, yabasebenzi bezinhlangano (FedVRS.US/).
Ezinye izinsizakalo zokungena ezingenantambo (kusuka ku-Sprint Relay, i-IP Relay, ne-Hamilton Relay) ayisebenzisi imiyalezo esheshayo. Esikhundleni salokho, uhlelo lokusebenza lulandwa noma lufakwe kumakhalekhukhwini .
Izinombolo zocingo zabasebenzisi
I-FCC idinga abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ezidluliselwayo ukuze banikeze abasebenzisi abayizithulu nabanzima ukuzwa inombolo yocingo yamadijithi ayishumi nanye.
Ukuba nezinombolo zocingo ezivamile kubonakala kuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abayizithulu, njengoba kuvumela abantu bezwa ukubiza abantu abayizithulu ngokuqondile. Uye wabasiza abafuna imisebenzi yezithulu ngokubavumela ukuba babhale inombolo yangempela yefoni ekubuyiseni kwabo. (Ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe isidingo se-FCC, abanye abanikezeli bezinsizakalo abahlinzekiwe babenikeza abasebenzisi babo ngezinombolo zocingo noma izinombolo ezingu-800.)
Dlulisa amazwibela wenkomfa
Ukudlulisela amazwibela kwengqungquthela yinkonzo evumela abantu abayizithulu ukuthi babambe iqhaza kumakholi wenkomfa, ukunciphisa isidingo sabahumushi emihlanganweni. Kukhona insizakalo yokubhaliwe yenkomfa ye-Federal Relay kanye neyomthengisi, etholakala nge-Sprint Relay.
Insizakalo ye-Telephone (CapTel) enqunyiwe
Abantu abanokuzwa okunye okusele futhi abakwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile bangasebenzisa ucingo olufakwe ohlwini. Akufanelekile kubantu abayizithulu.
Isevisi ye-Captioned Telephone (CapTel) ifana ne-voice-carryover relay service (uhlobo lokudlulisela okuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izwi lakho ukuze ukhulume futhi usebenzise okudluliselwe kulokho ongakuzwayo). I-CapTel isebenzisa ucingo olukhethekile ngesikrini sombhalo ukubonisa eduze-okusheshayo okushicilelwe okushiwo yilowo oshayela ucingo. Umsebenzisi we-CapTel uyakwazi ukuzwa nokufunda amagama ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izinkinga ezihlobene nezinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa
Ukuntula Ukuqwashiswa Komphakathi. Enye inkinga ebhekene nabasebenzisi bezinsizakalo zokuthungatha izithulu yukuthi umphakathi ozwayo awunakwazi ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo zokuthutha. Amasevisi azame ukwandisa ukuqwashisa ngokusebenzisa izimemezelo zesevisi zomphakathi kanye nezentengiso. Kodwa-ke, kusengavamile ukuthi umuntu ozwayo angene kumsebenzisi oyisithulu emva kokuzwa amagama ambalwa nje. Kungani? Ngoba bacabanga ukuthi umshayeli uzama ukuthengisa okuthile.
Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho ngenza ikholi yesevisi yokudlulisela emuva. Ngifakwe ngokuzumayo, ngimangalelwe ngokuzama ukuthengisa izinto, nokuningi. Ngisho nezihlobo ezikhulile ezazi ukuthi ngingumuntu oyisithulu azizange ziqaphele lapho ngimemeza ngidlulisela futhi ngilalele.
Umphakathi oyisithulu ukhokha intengo lapho lokhu kwenzeka. Mina ngokwami ngiyazi abantu abayizithulu abangaphuthelwa amathuba emisebenzi ngenxa yokuzwa kabi kwabantu noma ukungajwayele ngezinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa.
Ukudlulisela ukuxhumana nabasizi bezokuxhumana ngokuvamile kunika "okuchazayo" inkulumo kubantu abazwayo ekuqaleni kokushaya ucingo, futhi yilokho okungazwakala njenge-pitch yokuthengisa. Isixazululo esisodwa ukufundisa umsizi wezokuxhumana, ngaphambi kokwenza ucingo, hhayi ukumemezela njengedivaysi yesevisi yokudlulisela.
Ngenxa yobuningi obuningi bokushayela ulimi lolimi lwezandla, izinsizakalo zokudlulisela ividiyo zezandla zomsindo kuthiwa zinciphisa inkinga "ye-hangup".
Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwabugebengu Kwezinsizakalo Zokudlulisela. Izinsizakalo zokudluliselwa nazo ziye zahlukunyezwa yizigebengu, eziye zasebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuthunyelwa ukuze zithole izimpahla ngaphandle kokuzikhokhela ngempela. Lokhu kuye kwenza abanye abathengisi benganqikazi ukwamukela ama-oda wekhadi lesikweletu elilayishiwe.
Umthombo:
"Umhlahlandlela Wabathengi: Insizakalo Yokuthunyelwa Kwezokuxhumana." I-Federal Communications Commission (2015).