Sibutsetelo
I-pneumonia yisifo esithathela emaphashini. Kungaba ngamaphaphu owodwa noma kokubili, futhi kungabuka kusuka emnene kuya ekusongeni ukuphila. Ezinye izimo ze-pneumonia zizobangela inkinga ku-lobe eyodwa (ingxenye) yamaphaphu owodwa, kanti amacala amakhulu angathinta wonke ama-lobes ama-5 emaphaphu. Ama-lobes amaningi ahilelekile, okungenzeka ukuthi i-pneumonia iyingozi nakakhulu.
I-pneumonia ivame ukubangelwa ama-bacteria , kodwa ingabangelwa igciwane noma ngisho namafungula ezimweni ezingavamile. Ukwelapha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu antibiotics. Lokhu kungathathwa ngomlomo uma isibhamu singaphathwa ngokuphepha ekhaya, noma ngaphezulu kudinga ukwelashwa kwe-IV ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
I-pneumonia idala isipulum, i-fluid engase ibonakale i-pus ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwe-pneumonia, ukuqoqa emaphashini. Lokhu kubangela ukukhwehlela okunzima ezimweni eziningi, njengoba ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yomzimba yokuzama ukukhipha lokhu ketshezi emaphashini. Leli qoqo elincane lenza umzimba usebenze kanzima ukuthola umoya okwanele wemisebenzi yansuku zonke evamile.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Iziguli ezisengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia yiyona encane kakhulu kanye nabantu abadala. Ngenkathi abantu banoma iyiphi indala bangathola i- pneumonia , amacala amaningi asezingane kanye nabantu abangaphezu kuka-65. Abantu abanezinkinga zempilo ezingapheli, njengesifo sikashukela, basengozini enkulu kunomuntu ovamile, njengabantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula.
Abantu ababuthakathaka amasosha omzimba, njengabantu abanomdlavuza noma i-HIV, nalabo abaphuza imishanguzo yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba nawo engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-pneumonia. Abantu abafisa ukudla, okusho ukuthi ukudla kwabo, ukuhlanza noma ngisho namathela ngamaphutha baya emgwaqweni womoya ngaphandle kwesifo, basengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia.
Iziguli zokuhlinzeka zisengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia ngezizathu eziningana. Lezi ziguli azikwazi ukukhwehlela noma ukuvikela umoya wazo ngenkathi zingaphansi kwe-anesthesia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma bezohlanza ngenkathi behlinzwa ngeke bakwazi ukuqala ukukhwehlela ukuze bazame ukususa izinto zangaphandle emaphashini abo. Lolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lubizwa ngokuthi i-aspiration pneumonia, futhi lungaba lubi kakhulu. Iziguli zokuhlinzwa nazo zingaba nobunzima bokukhwehlela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yobuhlungu. Bagwema ukukhwehlela ngoba kwenza ubuhlungu babo bokuhlinzwa bube bubi nakakhulu, kodwa-ke imfihlo iyakwazi ukwakha emaphashini futhi iholele ekuxhumeni kwesifuba noma pneumonia. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemfihlo emaphashini kuyisici esiyingozi engumphefumulo we-pneumonia.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pneumonia zingahlukahluka komuntu ngamunye. Umuntu oyedwa angase aphefumule kanti omunye angathola ukukhwehlela okukhulu. Nazi izibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu zesifo se-pneumonia:
- I-fever kanye / noma ama-chills
- Ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo, ngokuvamile okunamandla futhi okungaba luhlaza okombala
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukuphefumula okunzima
- Ubuhlungu besifuba uma ukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula ngokujulile
- Ukuzwa buthaka
- Ukuzwa ukhathele
- Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
Ukuvama
I-pneumonia cishe inabantu abanesifo esingelapheki, futhi ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukugula okungapheli.
Izimo zokuphikisana nezimo zisho ukuthi iziguli eziningi zisengozini ye-pneumonia ngaphambi kokuba zithole ukuhlinzwa. Ngesinye isikhathi lapho ehlinzwa, isiguli singase 'silele' amahora amaningana, futhi sisele isikhathi lapho sibuyela emuva ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ukuhlinzwa. Ukulala embhedeni esikhundleni sokuvuka nokuhamba kungabangela ekuthuthukiseni i-pneumonia.
Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile kuvimbela iziguli zokuhlinzwa ekuphefumuleni ngokujulile njengoba zivame ukuzenza, futhi kwenza abantu bagweme ukukhwehlela. Ukuphefumula okungapheli nokukhwehlela uma kufanelekile kwandisa ingozi ye-pneumonia. Ukuba nokuhlinzwa kwesifuba, ikakhulukazi, kwandisa ingozi ye-pneumonia ngoba ukukhwehlela kuyabuhlungu kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela, okungukuthi i-pneumonia ukuthi umuntu uyazibophezela esibhedlela, uyaziwa ukuthi unzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ukuthi inkontileka eyodwa emphakathini (abangane, umndeni, omakhelwane).
Ukuvimbela
Kwezinye iziguli, ukugonywa kwe-pneumonia kungase kube okufanelekile, kuye ngokuthi kuneminyaka yabo nomlando wezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emva kokuhlinzwa kuyindlela enhle yokuhlala uphilile futhi ululame ngokushesha. Ukukhathazeka lapho ukushaywa kwesibindi kubalulekile, kunokuba ugxeke isifiso ngoba ukukhwehlela kuyabuhlungu. Ukushaya nge-pillow kungasiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu lapho wenza kanjalo.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu kwe-pneumonia imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuphefumula kanye nokukhuthazwa kwe-spirometry umzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca. Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kuvamile, kodwa leyo ndlela isebenza kuphela nge-pneumonia yebhaktheriya kanti amanye amacala abangwa yi-virus. Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuyahlukahluka ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesifo sokutheleleka kanye nokuqina kwempawu. Ezimweni lapho isiguli sinenkinga yokuthola oksijini okwanele, ukuhlala esibhedlela kuyadingeka futhi okwenziwe nge-oksijeni kungenzeka.
Amacala amakhulu angadinga ukunakekelwa kwezinga le-ICU, ukusizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-ventilator kanye nokunakekela ukunakekelwa kwewashi, kepha lokhu akuvamile.
> Umthombo:
> NIH. Ubani Osemngciphekweni We-Pneumonia.