Izigciwane ezimbili ezivunyelwe i-FDA zezingane nabakudala
I-pneumonia ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-50 000 eMelika njalo ngonyaka futhi bavakashela ukuvakasha kuka-400 000 okuphuthumayo, ngokusho kombiko ovela kwi-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusetshenziselwa ukukhushulwa kwemithi ye-pneumonia, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile, kuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni amaphesenti angu-8 ezinani zokufa kusukela ngo-1999.
Njengoba kuthiwa, cishe amaphesenti angama-65 kuphela alabo abasengozini enkulu baye bagonywa kahle.
Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abaqiniseki ukuthi badinga umgomo noma uhlobo luni lwe-pneumonia oluhloswe ukuvimbela. Abanye abakwazi ngisho nokugoma umuthi wokugoma.
Uhlobo lwe-Pneumonia
I-pneumonia ichazwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala kwamasaka emoyeni wamapayipi angagcwalisa ngamanzi futhi aholele ekuphefumuleni kanzima, umkhuhlane, izikhukhula, nokukhwehlela nge-pus noma phlegm. I-pneumonia ivame ukubangelwa amagciwane kodwa futhi ingakhula uma uvula ukudla noma uketshezi emaphashini ( aspiration pneumonia ) noma ukhethe amabhaktheriya angenakusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngenkathi esesibhedlela ( isibhamu esitholakala esibhedlela ).
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu luyaziwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia etholakale emphakathini lapho isifo esithathelwanayo njengebhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta sisakaza ngaphandle kwesilungiselelo sezempilo. Kulezi, amabhaktheriya yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu.
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya ivame ukusabalalisa ngamaconsi okuphefumulela aphethwe ngamanzi lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma eshaya.
Iningi libangelwa yi- S treptococcus pneumoniae , ibhethri ene-serotypes engaphezu kuka-90. Kulezi, izinhlobo ezingu-10 zibhekene nezinkinga eziningi ezihlobene ne-pneumonia.
Ngenkathi i-pneumonia ye-bacteria ihlasela kakhulu indlela yokuphefumula, ingabangela ukugula okukhulu uma isakazeka emgazini wegazi.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaphazamisa igazi (i-bacteremia / sepsis ye- pneumococcal / sepsis ) futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kwezibungu ezungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla (pneumococcal meningitis ). Ingozi yokufa kubantu abane-pneumonia engenawo amandla iphakathi kwamaphesenti ayisihlanu nesikhombisa futhi ingaba phezulu nakwabakhulile.
Izinhlobo ze-Pneumonia Vaccine
Kunemigomo emibili enganikeza ukuvikelwa ku- S treptococcus pneumoniae . Awukwazi ukuvimbela ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia yebhaktheriya (njengalezo ezibangelwa i- Chlamydophila pneumoniae noma i- Mycoplasma pneumoniae ) noma noma yikuphi okuhlobene ne- fungus noma igciwane .
Amagciwane amabili avunyelwe i-FDA agoma umuntu ngokumelene nama-serotypes athile angase abangele ukugula nesifo esiyingozi. Kunjalo:
- I-PCV13 , emakethe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Prevnar 13, okuyinto evimbela izinhlobo ezingu-13 ezinzima kunazo zonke ze- S. pneumoniae
- I-PPSV23 , emakethe ngaphansi kwegama le-Pneumovax 23, elivikela ngaphandle kwe- S. S. pneumoniae serotypes eyengeziwe
Umuthi wokugoma awukwenziwa kusuka kuma-bacteria aphilayo noma aphelele kepha kunalokho izingxenye zegobolondo yebhaktheriya. Nakuba lezi zingxenye zingabangeli izifo, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sibaqaphela njengezisongelo futhi senze impendulo yokuzivikela ngendlela efana neyayingabaktheriya wangempela.
Umgomo we-PVC13 uhanjiswa ngokungahambisani nesisindo se-deltoid engxenyeni engaphezulu noma isisindo esikhulu se- farus lateralis . I-PPSV23 edutshulwa inganikezwa ngokungahambisani nesikhumba noma ngaphansi komzimba (esikhumbeni).
Ubani Okugonywayo Okudingayo?
Ukugonywa kwe-pneumonia akukhuthazwa wonke umuntu. Imishanguzo isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kubantu ababeka engozini enkulu yokugula okungathí sina. Lokhu kufaka:
- Izinsana nezingane njengengxenye yesimiso sabo sokugoma njalo
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba okweqile noma abuthakathaka, kuhlanganise nalabo abanezifo ezingapheli ezifana ne-HIV, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sesibindi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nesifo sikashukela
- Abamukeli bezinto zokufakelwa komzimba nomuntu ophethe i-chemotherapy, bobabili ababuthakathaka ama-immune systems kanye nokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa ezidambisa amagciwane
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zokuphefumula ezifana nesifo se-asthma, emphysema, isifo esingavamile se-pulmonary (COPD)
- Abantu ababhemayo (abanezinkinga ezingaphansi kokutheleleka emaphashini) noma abaphuza kakhulu (okungenzeka ukuthi banesisindo somzimba sokuzivikela)
- Umuntu alulame kusukela ekuhlinzeni noma ukugula okungathí sina
Ukugonywa okwamanje akunconywa kubantu abaphakathi kuka-18 no-64 abanempilo. Okufanayo kusebenza nanoma ngubani oye waba nesifo sokugoma ngaphambi kokugonywa noma unomdlavuza owaziwayo kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zomuthi wokugoma.
Izincomo zokugoma
Ukugonywa kwe-pneumonia yinto ejwayelekile yengane yokugoma. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, zonke izinsana kufanele zinikezwe amanani amane e-PVC13 ezinyangeni ezimbili, ezinyangeni ezine, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, naphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezi-15. Izingane ezingaphuthelwa izibhamu noma ziqala ukuphuza kufanele zithole igciwane, isilinganiso esilungiswa ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala.
Abantu abadala okukhulelwe ukugonywa kwe-pneumonia kufanele babone kokubili ukudubula: kuqala, ukudubula kwe-PCV13 bese i-PPSV23 idutshulwa ngonyaka noma ngaphezulu.
Uma isetshenziswe njengenconywa, imishanguzo kufanele ikukhokhele ukuvikelwa kokuphila kwakho konke. Kulabo abangaqedanga le nkambo, kungase kuphakanyiswe ukudubula okusizayo. Abanye odokotela bazophinde banikeze iziguli zabo isikhombisi sokudutshulwa eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi emva kochungechunge lokuqala.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Imiphumela emibili yemigomo ivame ukuba mnene futhi ixazululwe yodwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma eziningana. Iningi lihlotshaniswa nokungaxhunyiwe kwendawo yomjovo noma kubonakale ngezimpawu ezincane, eziwumkhuhlane. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- Ukukhathala
- Izinsizwa
- I-low-grade fever
- Ubuhlungu besisu (myalgia)
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (i-arthralgia)
- Ukuphulukiswa kwesitifiketi se-injection, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma isisa
- Ama-Chills
- Ukulala
Ngokuvamile, ukuhuda, ukuhlanza noma ukuqhuma isikhumba kungenzeka.
Uma kwenzeka ukuphendula okubi kakhulu-kufaka phakathi ama-hives, amabhuleki, ukuvinjelwa kokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso, ukuvuleka kolwimi, ukudideka, noma ukuthumba-shayela 911 noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduzane ngokushesha. Ngenkathi kungavamile, umzimba wonke we-anticic reaction (anaphylaxis) ongenzeka uma, uma ushiywe ungalashwa, ungaholela ekuthukeleni, ekuhlaseleni, nasekufeni.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. " Amathrendi e-Pneumonia ne-Influenza: Ukulimala nokufa." Washington, DC; ikhishwe ngoNovemba 2015.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Izincomo Zokugoma I-Pneumococcal." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekeziwe ngo-December 6, 2017.
> CDC. "FastStats: Pneumonia." Kubuyekezwe i-Januwari 20, 2017.
> Daniels, C .; Rodgers, uP .; kanye no-Shelton, C. "Ukubukezwa Kwezifo Zokugoma I-Pneumococcal: I-Polysaccharide Current Vaccine Izindleko NamaProtheine Antigens Esizayo." I-Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 21 (1): 27-35. DOI 10.5863 / 1551-6776-21.1.27.
> Tagaro, A .; I-Bote, E .; ISanchez, A. et al. "Izinkinga ze-bacteria ye-Pneumococcal emva kokukhishwa kwe-Conjugate Vaccine ye-Thirteen-Valent." Ped Infect Dis J. 2016: 35 (12): 1281-7. I-DOI: 10.1097 / INF.0000000000001302.