I-medulloblastoma uhlobo lomdlavuza womqondo. Umdlavuza we-Brain uyisisu ebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile, izicubu ebuchosheni zingavela ebuchosheni ngokwazo, noma zingabuka endaweni ehlukile futhi zenzeke (ukusakaza) ebuchosheni. I-medulloblastoma ingenye yezicubu zobuchopho ezivela ebuchosheni ngokwazo, esifundeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-brainstem.
Izimpawu
Kukhona izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ze-medulloblastoma. Lokhu kufaka:
- Izinsizwa
- Isizungu
- Ibhalansi embi nokuxhumanisa
- Ubuwula
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile
- Umbono ophukile noma umbono ophindwe kabili
- Ubuthakathaka obusweni noma ubunzima bombuso noma ijwabu leso
- Ubuthakathaka noma ukuphazamiseka kolunye uhlangothi umzimba
- Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi
Izimpawu ze-medulloblastoma zingenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-cerebellum noma ukucindezelwa ezakhiweni eziseduze zobuchopho, njenge-brainstem, noma ngenxa ye- hydrocephalus (ukucindezela ngokweqile komfutho ebuchosheni.)
Umsuka
I-medulloblastoma ivela ku-cerebellum, esesifundeni se-skull esichazwa ngokuthi i-posterior fossa. Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa hhayi kuphela i-cerebellum kodwa futhi i-brainstem.
I-cerebellum ilawula ukulinganisela nokusebenzisana futhi itholakala ngemuva kwe-brainstem. I-brainstem ihlanganisa i-midbrain, i-pons, ne-medulla futhi ivumela ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho nomzimba wonke kanye nokulawula imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuphefumula, ukugwinya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokucindezela kwegazi.
Njengoba i-medulloblastoma ikhula ngaphakathi kwe-cerebellum, ingakwazi ukucindezela i-pons kanye / noma i-medulla ebangela izimpawu eziqhubekayo ze-neurological, kubandakanya umbono ophindwe kabili, ubuthakathaka obusweni, nokunciphisa ukuqonda. Izindebe eziseduze nazo zingagcizelela i-medulloblastoma.
Hydrocephalus
Ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane okwenza ukucindezeleka ebuchosheni kungenye yezimpawu ze-medulloblastoma, nakuba kungenjalo wonke umuntu one-medulloblastoma eqala i-hydrocephalus.
I-posterior fossa, okuyisifunda lapho i-brainstem ne-cerebellum itholakale khona, inondwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-CSF (i-cerebrospinal fluid), njengawo wonke ubuchopho. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa uketshezi kuyo yonke isikhala esihlanganisa futhi sizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, azikho izithiyo ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala.
Ngokuvamile, i-medulloblastoma ivimbela umzimba okhulayo ngokukhipha oketshezi, okwenza uketshezi ngokweqile ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kobuchopho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrocephalus. I-Hydrocephalus ingabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda, izimpawu ze-neurological kanye nokwehluleka. Ukulimala kwe-neurological kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli nokukhubazeka okungapheli.
Ukususwa kwe-fluid ngokweqile kuyadingeka. Uma umkhuhlane udinga ukususwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, i- VP (ventriculoperitoneal) shunt ingadingeka. I-VP shunt iyishubhu engakwazi ukuhlinzwa ngokufaka ubuchopho ekunciphiseni ukucindezela ngokweqile kwamanzi.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-medulloblastoma kuncike ezindleleni eziningana, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa.
Ngisho noma unayo izimpawu ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-medulloblastoma, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo i-medulloblastoma-ngoba isifo esingajwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, uma unesinye sezibonakaliso zesifo se-medulloblastoma, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngoba imbangela ingaba i-medulloblastoma noma esinye isimo esibucayi sezinzwa.
- Ukuhlolwa komlando kanye nomzimba: Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nezikhalazo zakho. Phakathi nokuvakasha kwakho kwezokwelapha, udokotela wakho uzophinde ahlole ngokucophelela ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwegazi. Imiphumela yomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ekuboniseni izinyathelo ezilandelayo kakhulu ekuhloleni inkinga yakho.
- Ukucabangela ubuchopho : Uma umlando wakho kanye nomzimba wakho ubonisa i-medulloblastoma, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza izifundo zokucubungula ubuchopho, njenge-Brain MRI. I-MRI yobuchopho ingahlinzeka isithombe esihle se-posterior fossa yobuchopho, okuyindawo lapho i-medulloblastoma iqala khona ukukhula.
- I-biopsy : I-biopsy iyisisindo sokukhulelwa noma ukulimala ngenhloso yokubheka izicubu ezisusiwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Imiphumela ye-biopsy isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Ngokuvamile, uma kuvela ukuthi une-tumor enezici ze-medulloblastoma, cishe uzohlolwa ngokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesisu, hhayi nge-biopsy. I-biopsy ibandakanya ukukhishwa kwesisindo esincane. Ngokuvamile, uma ungakwazi ukuhlinzwa ngokuphepha, ukususwa kwesifo sofuba ngangokunokwenzeka kunconywa.
Okufanele Ukulindele
I-Medulloblastoma ibhekwa njengomdlavuza omubi, okusho ukuthi ingasakazeka. Ngokuvamile, i-medulloblastoma isakazeka kulo lonke ubuchopho nomgogodla, okwenza izimpawu ze-neurological. Akuvamile ukuthi isakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwesimiso sezinzwa.
Ukwelapha
Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-medulloblastoma, futhi ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa.
- Ukuhlinzwa : Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho unesifo se-medulloblastoma, kususwa okuphelele ukukhishwa kwe-tumor. Kuzodingeka ube nokuhlolwa kokucubungula kobuchopho nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- I-Chemotherapy : I-Chemotherapy inemithi enamandla esetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa isifo sofuba ngangokunokwenzeka, kufaka phakathi izindawo zesisu esingahle sisakaze kude nesisu sokuqala. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ye-chemotherapeutic, kanti udokotela wakho uzokwenzela inhlanganisela efanele kuwe ngokusekelwe kokubukeka okuncane kwe-tumor, ubukhulu besisu, ukuthi usakaze kangakanani, nokuthi uneminyaka yakho. I-Chemotherapy ingathathwa ngomlomo, IV (intravenously) noma intrathecally (injected ngqo ohlelweni lwezinzwa.)
- Imishanguzo : Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kuhlanganise ne-medulloblastoma. Imishanguzo ehlosiwe ingaqondiswa endaweni ye-tumor ukusiza ukunciphisa usayizi nokuvimbela ukuphindaphindiwe.
Isibikezelo
Ngokunakekelwa, ukusinda kwabantu abaneminyaka emihlanu abanesifo sokuthi i-medulloblastoma ihlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningana kubandakanya:
- Ubudala : Izinsana ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-1 kulinganiselwa ukuthi zinamaphesenti angama-30 okusinda, kanti izingane zinamaphesenti angu-60-80 okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu. Abantu abadala balinganiselwa ukuthi bangamaphesenti angama-50-60 okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu, kanti abadala asebekhulile ngokuvamile bathola ukululama nokuphila kangcono kunabantu abadala abasha.
- Ubukhulu besisu : Amathumba amancane ngokuvamile ahlotshaniswa nemiphumela engcono kunezicubu ezinkulu.
- Ukusabalala kwe-tumor: Izicubu ezingazange zisakaze ngaphesheya kwendawo yokuqala zihlotshaniswa nemiphumela engcono kunamathumba asakazekile.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-tumor yonke ingasuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa: Uma isisindo sonke sisusiwe, kunethuba eliphansi lokuphindaphinda futhi nethuba elingcono lokusinda kunalokho okubonwayo lapho kusekhona isisu esisele esisele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isizathu sokuthi isisu asikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ukuthi singasondelene kakhulu noma singene ngaphakathi kwesifunda sobuchopho esibalulekile ekusindeni.
- Ubukhulu be-tumor esekelwe ekuguleni (ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope): Nakuba i-biopsy akuyona isinyathelo sokuqala lapho i-medulloblastoma isuswa khona, ingahlolwa nge-microscope ukuba ifune izici eziningiliziwe, ezingasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo mayelana nemisebe kanye namakhemikhali.
Ububanzi be-Age kanye ne-Incidence
I-Medulloblastoma yi-tumor ekhubazeka kakhulu ebuchosheni ezinganeni, kodwa kusengavamile, ngisho nasezinganeni.
- Izingane : Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuxilongwa sisukela phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, kodwa singase senzeke ezinsaneni nasebasha. Ngokuvamile, i-medulloblastoma itholakala ukuthi ithinte izingane ezingaba ngu-4-6 ngezigidi e-United States naseCanada, kanti izingane ezingaba ngu-500 zitholwa nge-medulloblastoma e-United States njalo ngonyaka.
- Abantu abadala : I-Medulloblastoma yi-tumor engavamile kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-45, futhi ingavamile kakhulu ngemva kwalokho. Ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ama-tumor ebuchosheni kubantu abadala kukhona i-medulloblastoma.
I-Genetics
Esikhathini esiningi, i-medulloblastoma ayihlotshaniswa nanoma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi, kubandakanya i-genetics. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezimbalwa ze-genetic syndromes ezingase zihlotshaniswe nesifo se-medulloblastoma, kuhlanganise ne-Gorlin syndrome ne-Turcot syndrome.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho utholakale noma uphathwa nge-medulloblastoma, kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu. Kungaphinde kuphazamise imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokuphila njengesikole nomsebenzi. Uma uthola ukuphindaphinda kwesisu, uzodinga ukuthola ukwelashwa kwesifo somzimba futhi. Le nqubo yokutakula ingathatha iminyaka embalwa futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokwenyama.
Izingane eziningi kanye nabantu abadala baphulukiswa kusuka ku-medulloblastoma futhi bathole ikhono lokuphila impilo evamile nokukhiqiza. Ukwelapha umdlavuza wezinambuzane eziningi kuthuthuka ngokushesha, okwenza umphumela ube ngcono futhi ukwelashwa kubekezeleleke.
> Imithombo:
> Kramer K, Pandit-taskar N, Humm JL, et al. Ucwaningo lwesigaba II lwe-radioimmunotherapy nge-intraventricularI-3F8 ye-medulloblastoma. I-Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018; 65 (1)
> UJohnston DL, uKeene D, uKostova M, et al. Isimo se-medulloblastoma ezinganeni zaseCanada. J Neurooncol. 2014; 120 (3): 575-9.
> Atalar B, Ozsahin M, Shayela J, et al. Umphumela wokulashwa kanye nezici zokubikezela iziguli ezindala ezine-medulloblastoma: I-Rare Cancer Network (RCN). I-Oncol Radiother. 2018;