I-virus ye-syncytial yokuphefumula (i- RSV ) iyimbangela evamile yezifo kubantu bonke ubudala. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubangelwa izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kubantu abadala nasebekhulile, ezinganeni nasezincane , kungabangela i- bronchiolitis , ukutheleleka okungathí sina, okuhambisana nokuvuvukala emaphashini, ukuphefumula nokuphefumula.
I-RSV ingabangela futhi ama-croup, izifo zezindlebe , ne-pneumonia.
Isikhathi se-RSV
Izifo ze-RSV zonyaka, futhi e-United States, izifo eziningi ziqala ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba futhi ziyaqhubeka kuze kube ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Ngakho, isizini se-RSV sanda kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMeyi.
Ukutheleleka kwe-RSV kuvamile kangangokuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezingane zinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila futhi cishe zonke izingane ziye zathola ukutheleleka kwe-RSV ngesikhathi beneminyaka emibili ubudala. Eziningi zazo ziyizifo ezincane, kodwa i-RSV iholela esibhedlela esingaba ngu-125 000 ngonyaka wezingane kanye ne-1-2% yalaba bantwana esibhedlela.
Izingane zivame ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezingu-2-8 emva kokuba zivezwe kumuntu onesifo sofuba (i-incubation period). Lezi zimpawu kuqala zihlanganisa impumu ecacile, kepha njengoba igciwane landa, izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi futhi zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane (okungaba ukusuka ebangeni eliphansi kuya phezulu), ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokuhoxiswa nokuphuza, ukuqhuma, kanye ukudla okunomsoco.
Ezimweni ezimbi, izingane zingaba ne-apnea nokuhluleka kokuphefumula.
Ukwelapha izifo ze-RSV
Njengama-virus amaningi, ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-RSV ngokuvamile kuvamile. Ezinganeni ezinokuphefumula nokuphefumula, izinkinga ze-nebulized ne-albuterol ziye zacatshangwa ukuthi ziyasiza kepha manje azikhuthazwa.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise oksijithali okungeziweko kanye namanzi ayenziwayo uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukudla nokuphuza kahle. Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchiolitis nge-steroids kuyimpikiswano futhi ngokuvamile akucatshangwa ukuthi kuyasiza. Njengoba igciwane, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic futhi akuvamile ukusiza, ngaphandle uma ingane yakho iqala ukutheleleka kokubili kwebhaktheriya.
Nakuba izingane eziningi ezinezifo ze-RSV zingaphathwa ngendlela ephephile ekhaya, izingane ezingaba ngu-1, ikakhulukazi izinsana ezincane noma labo abanezifo ezingelapheki, zidinga ukungena esibhedlela futhi ziqashwe ngokucophelela. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezinenkinga yokuphefumula okunzima noku / noma i-apnea zidinga ukufakwa efenjini ukuze zibasize baphefumule. I-RSV ingabuye ibe yingozi kwezinye izingane.
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-RSV
Izingane ezisengozini enkulu yezifo ezinzima zokutheleleka kwe-RSV zibandakanya izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi ezinezifo ezingenasifo esingapheliyo kanye nezinsana ezinomdlavuza ongapheli. Ngenhlanhla, imithi itholakale ukuvimbela izifo ze-RSV kulezi ziguli eziphezulu kakhulu.
I-RespiGam (i-RSV-IVIG) ilayisensi ngo-1996 ukuvimbela izifo ze-RSV ezigulini ezinobungozi obukhulu. Itholakala njenge-infusion yangenyanga yonke futhi ihlinzeka izingane nge-antibodies ngokumelene ne-RSV kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula ukunikeza ukuvikelwa kokutheleleka.
I-Synagis (palivizumab), i-anti-monoglonal anti-anti-RSV, yatholakala eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1998.
Nakuba unikezwa njalo ngenyanga, i-Synagis iyatholakala njengenjovo ye-intramuscular. Ngokungafani ne-RespiGam, i-Synagis ayiyona umkhiqizo wegazi futhi ngeke iphazamise ukugonywa kwengane yakho (izingane azikwazi ukuthola i-MMR noma umgomo wokukhukhuka kuze kube ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-9 zokuqeda i-RespiGam infusions).
I-American Academy of Pediatrics ivuselele imihlahlandlela yabo lapho izingane kufanele zithole i-RSV prophylaxis ne- Synagis ngo-2014. Nakuba izinsana ezingakazalwa zisanda kuzalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-32 kuya ku-35 futhi ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala ekuqaleni kwesizini se-RSV futhi okungenani okungenani okuyisisindo esisodwa esingafanelekela i-Synagis, izincomo zamuva ukuthi i-Synagis inconywa ukuthi:
- Izinsana ezingakazalwa ezingakapheli amasonto angama-29 futhi ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ubudala ekuqaleni kwesizini se-RSV (ngokuvamile ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi).
- Ezinye izinsana ezinesifo senhliziyo esibaluleke kakhulu esinezinyanga ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ekuqaleni kwesizini se-RSV, ikakhulukazi izingane ezine-acyanotic isifo senhliziyo esithola imithi yokulawula ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ekhukhulayo futhi izodinga izinqubo zokuhlinzeka inhliziyo kanye nezinsana ezinomqondo ohambelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-pulmonary pulmonary .
- Izinsana ezingakazalwa zinezifo ezingenasifo samaphaphu, ezazalwa ngamasonto angaphansi kuka-32, ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ubudala ekuqaleni kwesizini se-RSV, futhi zinesidingo sika> 21% oksijini okungenani izinsuku ezingu-28 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala ezingenakuzivikela kakhulu ngesikhathi se-RSV.
- Izingane ezithile ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ezinezifo ezingapheliyo zamaphaphu eziqhubeka zidinga oksijini, i-corticosteroids engapheli, noma ukwelashwa kwe-diuretic, njll.
- Ezinye izinsana ezinezinkinga ezingavamile noma izifo ze-neuromuscular ezonakalisa ikhono labo lokususa izimfihlo ezivela emoyeni wazo ophezulu ongaphansi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ubudala ekuqaleni kwesizini se-RSV.
Njengoba izifo ze-RSV zivame kakhulu futhi izimpawu zingase zibe nzima kakhulu, kungani wonke umuntu engatholi i-Synagis? Esinye sezizathu ukuthi yizingane ezincane kunazo zonke, ikakhulukazi uma zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu ze-RSV. Esinye isizathu yizindleko. Amagciwane e-Synagis athatha cishe u-$ 900 ngenyanga futhi adinga umjovo wenyanga ngenyanga ngesikhathi se-RSV.
Ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi izifundo eziningi zithola ukuthi kukhona "inzuzo ephansi yokwelashwa etholakala kukhonavizumab prophylaxis." Noma kunjalo, kungcono kunalutho kuze kube yilapho sithola umgomo weqiniso we-RSV.
Ukuthola ama-Synagis Shots
Utholaphi ama-syagis injections?
Esikhathini sethu, i-Synagis ivame ukutholakala ku-Pulmonologists yasekhaya yasekhaya (ochwepheshe bamaphaphu), noma kusukela emitholampilo yase-Synagis ezibhedlela ezinkulu zendawo, ikakhulukazi labo abaneNyunithi Yokunakekelwa Okunakekelwa Kwe-Neonatal enkulu. Uma une-preemie ezokhipha isikhathi se-RSV, khona-ke odokotela bakho cishe bazokhuluma nawe ngo-Synagis ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwakho futhi mhlawumbe banike isibhamu sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uthunyelwe ekhaya.
Izingane ngokuvamile zithola isibhamu esiphezulu samahlanu ukuze zigcine isikhathi se-RSV.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga ezivela ekutheleleni kwe-RSV, kunezinye izindlela zokunciphisa amathuba okuthi ingane yakho izogciwane. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukufundisa izingane zakho nabahlinzeki bakho bokunakekela ukuqhuba izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela (kufaka phakathi izinguquko ze-diaper) nangaphambi kokudla. Kumele futhi ugeze amathoyizi njalo nezinye izinto izingane zakho ezifaka emlonyeni wazo nakuzo zonke ezinye izindawo bese zilahla izicubu ngemuva kokusula noma ukushaya impumulo yengane yakho.
- ukugwema ukuthintana eduze nabanye abantu abagulayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwakho kwesikhashana kunomgomo oqinile mayelana nokukhipha izingane ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo. futhi ungavumeli noma ubani ebheke emntwaneni wakho. Uma ubhema, ukumane nje ukubhema ngaphandle ngokuvamile akumele ukwehlise ingozi yengane yakho yezinkinga.
Khuluma nodokotela wezingane uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho idinga i-Synagis noma uma ukhathazekile nge-RSV.
Imithombo:
Isitatimende Somgomo Wezemfundo yase-American Academy. Umhlahlandlela obuyekeziwe we-Palivizumab Prophylaxis Phakathi kwezingane ezinsana nezingane ezisencane engozini eyanda kakhulu yezibhedlela zokuphefumula nge-Syncytial Virus Infection. I-PEDIATRICS Umqulu 134, Inombolo 2, Agasti 2014.