Abazali baye badinga kakhulu ukuxubha ulwazi lwabo lwezempilo, njengoba abantu abaningi beya ezindaweni ezacatshangwa ukuthi zingenakuqhathaniswa noma ezingavunyelwe.
Kwezinye izimo, izifiki ezivela eNdiya, ePakistan, nasePhilippines, njll, zihamba "ekhaya" nezingane zabo ukuvakashela umndeni nabangane.
Kuyinto evamile ukuba imindeni ihambe e-Asia nase-Afrika ngezinkambo zezithunywa zevangeli noma ivele eholidini endaweni entsha, engaphandle.
Ngeshwa, izingane nabazali bazo babhekene nengozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo lapho beya ezindaweni eziningi. Okunye ukuhlela impilo yezempilo, kuhlanganise nokuvakashela kudokotela wezingane kanye nesayithi lezempilo le-CDC ukuze ubone ukuthi izingane zakho zidinga yini imithi eyengeziwe, imithi yokuvimbela, noma ezinye izinyathelo zokuzivikela, ingasiza ukunciphisa lezo zingozi.
Izindleko zokuhamba
Uma uhamba, ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthi izingane zakho zithola izifo ezingenakutholwa ngazo, njenge-dengue fever, ikholera, noma i-encephalitis yaseJapan, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinye izifo eziningi ezijwayelekile zisekhona izwe, kuhlanganise nezifo ezibangelwa yi:
- Inqubulunjwana
- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib)
- I-Pertussis
- I-hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- I-Neisseria meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Njengoba eziningi zalezi zifo ezivimbela ukugoma ezigonyelwe izingane e-United States zisasebenza kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ukuthola yonke imishanguzo ngesikhathi sokugoma yakamuva kubalulekile.
Ukuqubuka kwamanje okukhulu e-US, kuhlanganise nokuqubuka kwamagundane kanye nesimungumungwane, kuqalwe yizingane ezaphuma ezweni, zagula, zaletha izifo ekhaya, zazisakaza kwezinye izingane ezingekho emthethweni.
Kuye lapho uya khona, ingane yakho ingadinga futhi iminye imithi ngaphambi kokuhamba, kuhlanganise:
- Umuthi wokugoma we-typhoid : Utholakala njengomuthi wokugoma ngomlomo wabantwana abaneminyaka engenani eyisithupha ubudala, noma njengokudubula kulabo okungenani abaneminyaka emibili ubudala, lapho beya ezindaweni ezingengozi enkulu yomkhuhlane we-typhoid, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu ye-Asia, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, Afrika, Central America, naseNingizimu Melika.
- Ukugonywa kwe-yellow fever : Ukugonywa kwegciwane bukhoma okunikezwa izingane okungenani izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala futhi eziya ezindaweni zaseNingizimu Melika (i-Argentina, iBrazil, iPeru, njll) ne-Afrika (Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, njll. ) lapho kunengozi enkulu yokuthola i-yellow fever kusuka ekulumeni kwamangqamuzana.
- Umgomo wokuvikela i-encephalitis (JE-VAX) : Ngokuvamile kunconywa izingane okungenani ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ubudala ezihamba ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu e-Asia nasentshonalanga yePacific isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala ezindaweni zokulima zasemaphandleni.
- Imithi yokugoma i-Meningococcal : Nakuba izingane zase-US zithola umuthi wokugaya umuthi wokuzivikela ukuze uzivikele emiphakathini ye- Neisseria meningitidis , ngokuvamile ayitholi kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala. Abagibeli ezindaweni ezithile ezinobungozi, ikakhulukazi ibhande le-meningitis lase-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, kufanele bafumane imithi yabo yokugoma imithi ngaphambili, uma beneminyaka emibili ubudala, ikakhulukazi uma behamba ngenkathi eyomile (ngoDisemba kuya kuJune) lapho izifo zengculazi zivame kakhulu .
- Imithi yokugonywa kwamaRabi : Izinja ezinjazini namanje zinenkinga ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Nakuba kutholakala, ukuthola umuthi wokugoma wama-rabies ngaphambi kokuba uhambo lunganconywa izingane eziningi, ngaphandle uma ungacabangi ukuthi uzothola ukufinyelela okulula kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele endaweni ohamba kuyo. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele bazame ukugwema ukuvezwa ngokugwema ukulunywa ezilwaneni ezinobungozi, njengezinja zasemgwaqeni, izinkawu, amantombazane, namakati, njll).
Imisipha yinkinga enjalo emhlabeni jikelele ukuthi umgomo wokugoma we-MMR kufanele unikezwe ezinsaneni ezincane ezineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala uma zizophuma ezizweni zase-United States, ikakhulukazi uma ziya endaweni enezilinganiso eziphakeme zokuyisimungulu.
Izingane okungenani izinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala kufanele zithole amanani amabili we-MMR, ehlukaniswe okungenani izinsuku ezingu-28.
I-Malaria
Ngaphandle kokwenza up-to-date emitholampilo, izingane eziya ezindaweni ezibhekene ne-malaria-eziyingozi cishe nazo zidinga ukuthatha imishanguzo yokuvimbela ukuze zingaguli uma zilunywa umlenze onegciwane.
Okumangalisa ukuthi izindawo ze-malaria-ezikhona zihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yezwe, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezinkulu zaseCentral America, eNingizimu Melika, izingxenye zeCaribbean, i-Afrika (i-sub-Saharan Africa), i-South Asia, i-Southeast Asia, iMpumalanga Ephakathi, iMpumalanga Yurophu , naseNingizimu Pacific.
I-CDC inikeza ulwazi lwe-malaria ngezwe ukukusiza wena kanye nezingane zakho ukuthi izingane zakho zidinga i-malaria prophylaxis ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Khumbula ukuthi:
- Abafuduki bokuqala nezizukulwane sesibili kanye nemindeni yabo ababuyela ezweni lakubo futhi bavakashela abangane nomndeni ngokuvamile bacatshangwa ukuthi basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwe-malaria.
- Ngumuphi umuthi ongayisebenzisa ekuvimbeleni i-malaria ngokuvamile kuxhomeke lapho uhamba khona, njengoba ezinye izindawo zinamazinga aphezulu okuphikisa i-chloroquine noma i-Lariam (mefloquine).
- I-Doxycycline, imithi engabizi kakhulu ye-antimialarial ethathwa kanye ngosuku, ayikwazi ukunikezwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala.
- I-Lariam ilula ngoba ithathwa kanye kanye ngesonto, kodwa kufanele uyiqale amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi abanye abazali bakhathazeke ngemiphumela emibi kaLariam.
- I-malarone (i-Atovaquone / i-Proguanil) kufanele ibekezelelwe kahle, nemiphumela emibi embalwa, kodwa kufanele ithathwe nsuku zonke ngenkathi ihamba futhi ingabiza.
- Imithi yokuvimbela i-malaria ifika njengamaphilisi, okungaba yinkinga kubantwana abasebasha abangakwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi okwamanje. Njengoba le mithi ivame ukubabala, i-CDC ixwayisa ukuthi abazali baxube amaphilisi aphefumlelwe ngento enhle, njenge-appleauce, isiraphu ye-chocolate, noma i-jelly. Umshini wakho wezokwelapha angaphinda ahlaziye amaphilisi bese uwaxuba emaphilisi amancane we-gelatin uma ingane yakho idinga ukuthatha ithebhulethi ye-1/4 noma i-1/2 ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ithola isilinganiso esifanele.
Futhi qiniseka ukuthi usebenzise izinambuzane zokugaya izinambuzane , izingubo ezifanele, namanethi okubhekwa ukuze ugweme ukulunywa kwezinambuzane nezinambuzane.
Impilo Yokuxwayisa Impilo
I-CDC ishicilela izixwayiso zezempilo ezihamba njalo, njenge-SARS ukugqashuka e-Asia emuva kuka-2003, lapho batusa khona ukuthi abahambi bahlehlise ukuhamba okungadingekile.
Babuye bakhicilele izaziso ezivame kakhulu, kodwa ezingaphansi kwezinyathelo zokuphulukisa ezingozi zokuhamba nokuxwayisa impilo yezokuhamba ukuxwayisa nokuxwayisa abantu ngezingozi ezehlukene zezempilo kubahambi nokuthi banganciphisa kanjani ingozi.
Ngaphandle kwezixwayiso zezempilo ze-CDC, uMnyango WezeMelika wase-United States ushicilela uhlu lwezixwayiso zokuhamba zamanje.
Abazali bangase bafune lezi zixwayiso zokuhamba ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo nezingane zabo.
Amanye amathiphu
Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umshuwalense wakho wezempilo uzothola izingane zakho lapho uhamba futhi wazi ukuthi ungaphi uma kwenzeka izingane zakho zigula, ezinye amathiphu ezempilo kwezohambo kanye nezinto ozozihlanganisa zihlanganisa:
- Ngaphandle komnyango wezempilo wendawo noma umtholampilo wokuhamba wangasese, ungakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma we-typhoid kanye neminye imithi yokuhamba evela ekhemisi yasendaweni enomuthi odokotela wezingane.
- Isikhathi semfucuza eNingizimu Yezwe YaseNingizimu Ningizimu Afrika livela kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSeptemba, kanti ungathola umkhuhlane cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka kwezinye izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo.
- Imithi yokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukugula okuhambayo, njenge-patch scopolamine, ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni, ngubani ongakwazi ukuthatha amaphilisi ahlaziyekile e-Dramamine.
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho yokuhuda, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza kanye ne-ice cubes, ukuxubha amazinyo, uma uxuba ingane ifomula, njll.
- Ukwengeza i-sunscreen kanye nanoma imuphi imithi, ingane yakho ithatha njalo, ulethe imishanguzo ye-counter-the-counter yokulawula izimpawu ezivamile, njenge-acetaminophen ne-ibuprofen (ubuhlungu kanye nama-fever reducers) no-Benadryl (ukuzamazama nokuphendula komzimba).
- Izingane zicatshangelwa ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi babe engozini ephakeme yokugula okuphakeme, okungenzeka uma bevakashela izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu (ngokuvamile ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8 000), ngaphandle kokutholwa kuqala emazingeni aphansi e-oksijini ezindaweni eziphakeme (ezenzelwe phezulu).
- Uma ukuhambisa nge-scuba nezingane zakho kusezinhlelo zakho, khumbula ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bancoma ngokuvumela izingane ezine-asthma dive dive. Futhi, nakuba ezinye izinhlangano, ezifana ne-Professional Association of Dive Instructors, zithi izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engu-10 zingakwazi ukufaka umcibisholo wokudoba, abanye, njengeSouth Pacific Undersea Medical Society, banikeze iminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi utshele izingane zakho mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuhamba kwamuva uma izingane zakho zigula ngemva kokubuya ekhaya ukusuka ohambweni lwakamuva oluphuma ezweni, ikakhulukazi uma benomkhuhlane kanye / noma ukuqhuma, ngisho noma kungamaviki noma izinyanga kamuva.
Uhambo oluphuma ezweni lungaba yisikhathi esikhulu sokuvakasha komkhaya, ikakhulukazi uma uvakashele umndeni nabangane ukuthi izingane zakho azikaze zihlangane ngaphambili. Ungavumeli inkinga yezempilo yezokuhamba isichithe.
Imithombo
I-CDC. Ulwazi Lwezempilo Lwezokuvakasha Emhlabeni Wonke (Incwadi Ephuzi) 2010.