Ngabe Izingane Zidinga Ama-antibiotics
Ama-antibiotic avame ukushiwo ngokungenasidingo ngemibanda, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-bronchitis, nomphimbo we-viral sore, njll.
Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kuyinkinga enkulu
Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi elwa namagciwane kungabangela imiphumela emibi engafuneki, kuhlanganise nokuhuda kanye nokuphendula okwenziwe. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kuholela kuma-bacteria amaningi athola ikhono lokulwa nama-antibiotics.
Lezi zinambuzane eziphikisana nemithi elwa namagciwane zinzima kakhulu ukwelapha, ngokuvamile zidinga ama-antibiotic anamandla, futhi zingabangela izifo ezisongela ukuphila.
Ungasiza ukuvimbela inkinga yama-anti-antibiotic-resistant bacteria ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithatha imithi yokwelapha kuphela uma iyalidinga bese iyithatha njengoba ishiwo. Ukuqonda iziqondiso zokwelashwa zakamuva zamagciwane ezinamathele endlebe kanye nezifo ze-sinus, ezifaka izinketho zokugcina ingane yakho ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic, zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotics.
Ama-Antibiotics for Infection Infections
Izifo zendlebe yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu ukuthi imiphi imithi elwa namagciwane ehlelwe ezinganeni.
Iziqondiso ezikhishwe ngo-2004 ziye zasiza ukunciphisa ezinye zale miyalelo, njengoba zancoma "inketho yokubona" kwezinye izingane ezinezifo zendlebe. Lezi zingane ezingabonwa ngokuphepha ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphandle kokwelashwa nge-antibiotic zihlanganisa nalabo ababengenani iminyaka emibili ubudala futhi babe nezimpawu ezincane.
Esikhathini esiqondiswayo esivela ku-AAP, le "ndlela yokubona" manje isetshenziselwe izinsana ezincane ezineminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Khumbula ukuthi ukubuka ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics kusengcono kuphela kulabo bantwana abane:
- ukutheleleka indlebe emlonyeni owodwa (unilateral) noma izingane okungenani iminyaka engu-2 ubudala nezimpawu ezinomzimba kanye nokutheleleka indlebe ezindlebeni zombili (okubili)
- ukutheleleka indlebe ngaphandle kwemithombo yezindlebe (i-otorrhea)
- izimpawu ezincane, kuhlanganise nalabo abanezinhlungu zendlebe kuphela, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-102.2 degrees F (39 degrees C)
- ukutholakala kwepulani lokulandela ukwelashwa uma izimpawu zezingane ziba zimbi noma zingabi ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3
- abazali abavuma uhlelo lokugcina ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic
Kubantwana abane-indlebe yokutheleleka indlebe abangewona ofanelekayo wokubheka, ikakhulukazi labo abanezibonakaliso ezinzima, khona-ke imithi ye-antibiotics isaboniswa.
Yimaphi ama-antibiotics?
Uma ingane yakho ingakabi nama-antibiotic ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ezedlule futhi ayiyona ingozi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inqunywe i-amoxicillin ephezulu. Ezinye izinketho zihlanganisa i-amoxicillin-clavulanate ephakeme (i-augmentin XR), i-cefdinir (i-Omnicef), i-cefpodoxime (i-Vantin), i-cefuroxime (i-Ceftin), noma i-one to three days shoftphony (Rocephin).
Imikhombandlela yakamuva nayo yanezela izinhlelo ezintsha zokwelapha ezintsha lapho ukwelashwa kokuqala kwehlulekile, kufaka phakathi ukudubula kwe-ceftriaxone kanye nezinsuku ezingu-3 ze-clindamycin noma noma ngaphandle kwe-antibiotic yesi-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sesithathu (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, njll). Inhlanganisela ye-clindamycin kanye ne-third generation generation cephalosporin antibiotic iyindlela enhle kulabo bantwana.
Ama-Antibiotics weSinus Infections
Nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside imithi elwa namagciwane iphakanyiswa ukwelashwa kwe- sinusitis ezinganeni, zibuye zisebenzise kabi uma izingane zingenazo izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula ezingenayo i-viral. Imikhombandlela yokwelashwa eyavela ngonyaka ka-2001 wasebenza ukusiza ukunciphisa lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ngokuhlinzeka ngemigomo yokutholwa kwe-sinusitis. Ngempela, ukuze uphathe kahle isifo, kumele uqale ukuyihlolisisa kahle. Uma ingane yakho inephunga eligijima elibangelwa ukushisa okuvamile, ngakho-ke akanalo ukutheleleka kwe-sinus futhi akudingi i-antibiotic kadokotela.
Leso siqondiso sasanda kuvuselelwa, futhi njengenhlahlandlela yokutheleleka indlebe manje kuhlanganisa inketho yokubona izingane ezikhethiwe. Kusakaqala ngezincomo ukuthi isifo se-sinusitis sitholakale kahle kodwa, kufaka phakathi ukuthi kutholakala sinusitis esiyingozi, ingane ingaba nezimpawu eziqhubekayo (impumu egijima kanye / noma ukukhwehlela kwansuku izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa), kubika izimpawu ngemuva kokuba wayeqale ukuthola izimpawu ezingcono, noma ezinzima okungenani izinsuku ezingu-3.
Kulabo bantwana abanezimpawu eziphikisanayo, esikhundleni sokumisa nje ama-antibiotics ngokushesha, enye indlela ingabheka ingane ngezinsuku ezingu-3 ngaphandle kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze ibone ukuthi ingcono yini. Uma engatholi ngcono, uhamba kakhulu, futhi kulabo bantwana abatholwa ukuthi bane-sinusitis nezibonakaliso ezinzima noma abaye bahamba kakhulu, khona-ke imithi ye-antibiotics isaboniswa.
Ama-antibiotic anconyelwe ukutheleleka kwesinus kumhlahlandlela yakamuva ye-AAP ahlanganisa:
- i-high-dose amoxicillin (ukwelashwa kokuqala komugqa)
- i-amoxicillin ye-dose ejwayelekile (izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili-iminyaka ezingekho ekunakekelweni kwelanga)
- i-high-dose augmentin (ukusetshenziswa kwamuva kwamagciwane)
- 1-3 nsuku zonke ze-ceftriaxone (ngeke zithathe noma zibekezelele ngomlomo isilinganiso sokuqala sama-antibiotic) kufanele zilandelwe yizinsuku ezingu-10 zenye yalezi zinhlobo zokulwa namagciwane uma zithola ngcono
Njengezifo zendlebe, izingane ezine-sinusitis nazo zingaphathwa nge-cefdinir, i-cefuroxime, noma i-cefpodoxime. Futhi uma kungekho ukuphuthuma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3 (amahora angu-72), i-antibiotic yengane yakho ingadinga ukuguqulwa ibe yinye yalaba abanye, ikakhulukazi uma iqala i-amoxicillin.
Ama-antibiotics wezinhlanzi ezinzima
Lokhu kulula. Izingane zivame kakhulu zidinga ama-antibiotic uma ziphethe umkhuhlane ngaphandle uma zinesifo se-streptococcal (strep) seqembu. Ngenxa yokuthi umphimbo omuncu (pharyngitis) uvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwegciwane, ukuhlolwa kwesigqila kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-antibiotic abekwe.
Uma ingane ine- strep throat , imithi yokwelashwa ingase ihlanganise:
- I-Penicillin V
- i-amoxicillin yesilinganiso esilinganiselwe
- I-benzenzine penicillin G (i-penicillin shot)
Izingane ezine-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba zingaphathwa nge-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sokuqala, njenge-cephalexin (i-Keflex) noma i-cefadroxil (i-Duricef), i-clindamycin, i-azithromycin (iZithromax), noma i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin).
Ama-antibiotics we-brronchitis
Kuzokwenzeka kubazali abaningi ukumangala ukuthi i-AAP Red Book ithi "ukugula komkhuhlane / ukushisa komzimba okungenasidlangalaleni ezinganeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi sini, asivumeli ukwelashwa kwe-antimicrobial."
Khumbula ukuthi i-bronchitis enzima ingabangelwa ukukhwehlela, okungase kube nokukhiqiza, futhi kungapheli amasonto amathathu. Futhi futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic akukhuthazwa ukuphatha ukwelashwa okunamandla.
Umntanakho angase abekwe umuthi we-antibiotic uma enomkhuhlane ohlala isikhathi eside ohlala izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 noma ngaphezulu futhi udokotela wakho usola ukuthi ubangelwa enye yalezi zinhlamvu:
- Bordetella parapertussis
- I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- I-Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngoba ama-antibiotic avame ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukuze aphathe uketshezi, buze ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ngempela imithi lapho ihlaziya.
Ama-antibiotics for Infections Skin
Ngenkathi ukuqhuma nezinye izimo zesikhumba kuvamile ezinganeni, ngenhlanhla, iningi alidingi ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Abanye benza, kodwa nangokwanda kwama-bacteria anqabile, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho enesifo sengculaza inqunywe i-antibiotic efanele.
Izifo zesikhumba nezithambile zihlanganisa:
- i-cellulitis ngaphandle kwemithombo yamanzi (pus) - kungakhathazeki neze nge-MRSA, ngakho-ke imithi yokulwa namagciwane elwa ne-anti-staph kanye / noma anti-strep ingasetshenziswa, njenge-cephalexin noma i-cefadroxil.
- i-cellulitis ene-purulent (pus) yamanzi - ama-antibiotic aphatha i- MRSA , kuhlanganise ne-clindamycin, i-TMP-SMX (i-Bactrim), i-tetracycline (izingane okungenani okungenani iminyaka engu-8 ubudala), noma i-linezolid.
- i-abscess - ama-antibiotic aphatha i-MRSA, kuhlanganise ne-clindamycin, i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (i-Bactrim), i-tetracycline (izingane okungenani okungu-8 ubudala ubudala), noma i-linezolid.
- impetigo - mupirocin 2% amafutha e-topical noma antibiotic ngomlomo yamacala amade (cephalexin noma cefadroxil).
I-abscess elula ingase iphathwe ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics uma ingasuswa, ayikubi, futhi ingane inezimpawu ezincane. I-abscess engathí sina ingadinga izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa zokugcoba kanye ne-IV.
I-Bactrim, ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-MRSA, ayiphathe i-beta-hemolytic streptococci bacteria, engabangela nezinye izifo zesikhumba. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakho angamniki iBactrim uma engasoli ukuthi ingane yakho ine-MRSA.
Ama-antibiotics we-Diarrhea
Ngokuvamile abazali abakulindele imithi yokulwa nemithi lapho izingane zabo zihudo. Ngaphezu kokuthi isifo sohudo sivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ama-parasites, nokudla kokudla, njll, ngisho nalapho kubangelwa amagciwane, awudingi ama-antibiotic.
Eqinisweni, kwezinye izimo, ama-antibiotic angenza ingane yakho ihudo ibe yimbi nakakhulu.
- I-Salmonellosis - Isifo sohudo esibangelwa ama- salmonella amagciwane ngokuvamile asuka yedwa. Ama-antibiotics angenza ingane yakho isakazeke isikhathi eside.
- I-Shigellosis - Isifo sohudo esibangelwa ama-bacteria aseShigella angase asuke ngokwawo, kodwa amacala amakhulu angadinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Ama-antibiotic anconyiwe we- Shigella ukutheleleka afaka i-azithromycin kanye ne-ceftriaxone uma kusolwa ukumelana nemithi eminingi yokulwa namagciwane, njenge-amoxicillin ne-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- Izifo ze- E. coli - I-Diarrhea ebangelwa u- E. coli ngokuvamile iyahamba yedwa. Uma uphathwe ngama-antibiotics, amanye, afana ne- E. coli (i-STEC) ekhiqiza i-toxin (STEC), angabeka ingane yakho engozini ye-HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - isimo esingasongela impilo esibandakanya ukungaphumeleli kwegazi nesifo sezinso).
- I-Campylobacteriosis - Isifo sohudo esibangelwa amagciwane aseCampylobacter sidinga ukwelashwa nge-azithromycin uma ingane inezibonakaliso ezinkulu.
- I-Clostridium difficile - Abantu abathatha ama-antibiotic basengozini yokutheleleka kwe- C. , okubangela ukuhuda, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka baphathwe nemithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-metronidazole.
Njengoba ama-antibiotic ngokuvamile engadingeki ngenxa yezifo eziningi ezibangela isifo sohudo, futhi empeleni zingabangela ukuhuda, njengokunye nezinye izifo, qiniseka ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho uma ingane yakho idinga ngempela. Ama-antibiotics awayena impendulo lapho ingane yakho igula noma uma uvakashela udokotela.
Imithombo:
Umhlahlandlela wase-American Academy of Pediatrics Guideline Practice Guideline for the Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa kwe-Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Ezinganeni Ezikhulile 1 kuya ku-18. I-Pediatrics Vol. 131 No. 7 Julayi 1, 2013.
Umhlahlandlela Wokuzivocavoca Umtholampilo wase-American Academy of Pediatrics. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Otitis Media. I-Pediatrics Vol. 113 No. 5. iphe. 1451-1465.
Umhlahlandlela Wokuzivocavoca Umtholampilo wase-American Academy of Pediatrics. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Otitis Media. I-Pediatrics Vol. 131 No. 3 Mashi 1, 2013. iphe. E964-e999.
I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Izimiso Zokusetshenziswa Okufanele Izifo Zokuphefumula Eziphezulu Zokuphefumula. I-Red Book 2012: 802-805.
I-American Heart Association. Ukuvimbela I-Rheumatic Fever kanye ne-diagnosis kanye nokwelashwa kwe-Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Circulation. 2009; 119: 1541-1551.
I-Infectious Diseases Society of America Isiqondiso Sokuzikhandla Emtholampilo. Ukuphathwa kweziguli ezinezifo ezibangelwa yi-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Emitholampilo; 2011; 52: 1-38.