Izithiyo ezinkulu ziqhubeka ngisho nokuqaphela ukuthuthukisa
I-India ingenye yamazwe amaningi kunawo wonke emhlabeni anabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezihlala endaweni ethile cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobukhulu be-US Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eMaulana Azad Medical College eNew Delhi, cishe amaphesenti angu-6.3 abantu (cishe 63 abantu abayizigidi) banezinga elithile lokulahleka kokuzwa okusebenzayo .
Ngesikhathi isithulu sisenselele enkulu ezweni elibhekene namazinga aphezulu obuphofu-nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-276 abahlala ngaphansi kwezinga elibhekene nobubha-izinto zishintsha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuqwashisa umphakathi nokufinyelela ekuthuthukiseni imfundo nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi wezithulu kunzima kokuzwa.
Isintu Esingazizwa eNdiya
Njengengqikithi ehlukene enezilimi eziningi, iNdiya ihlukumeze ukuthola ulimi oluyisisekelo olusemthethweni, ngendlela i-US eyenziwa ngayo ngawo-1960 nge- American Sign Language (ASL) .
Ngenkathi ulimi lwezandla lwase-Indo-Pakistani (i-IPSL) lubhekwa njengelona hlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa eSouth Asia, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ngaphakathi eNdiya (kuhlanganise nolimi lwezandla lwaseDelhi, ulimi lwezandla lwaseBombay, ulimi lwezandla lwaseCalcutta, nolimi lwezandla lwase-Bangalore-Madras), ngayinye i-syntax kanye neluhlelo lwazo.
Ngokufanayo, ukushicilelwa kwe- TV kuvaliwe ngemuva ngemuva kokubukwa kwezwe okuhlaba umxhwele. Ngaphandle kokuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe, amazinga aphezulu okungafundi abantu abadala (cishe amaphesenti angu-37.2, ngokusho kwe-UNICEF) anciphise imizamo yokwandisa lezi zinsiza emphakathini jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela amaphesenti amabili kuphela wezingane eziyizithulu eNdiya eziya esikoleni, okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekisela phambili isiko lokungafundi kanye nethuba lezomnotho eliphansi.
Ukuphikisana ngokwengeziwe nesiko yizithiyo zenhlalo nezenkolo ezivame ukucindezela izithulu ngqo noma ngokungaqondile. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo yiMithetho kaManuel, enye yezincwadi ezijwayelekile ze-canon yamaHindu, ethi abantu abayizithulu akufanele bavunyelwe ukuba nempahla kodwa kuncike ekutheni bathembele kwabanye.
Ngenkathi kucatshangelwa isihloko samaNdiya amaningi anamuhla, izinkolelo ezinjalo ziyaqhubeka nokudla ukucwaswa okungahambisani nokungahambi kahle kwabantu abalalelekile.
Izinhlangano ezizizwayo eNdiya
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo ezinkulu eziyinhloko, kwenziwa imizamo emikhulu yokuthuthukisa izimbangela zezithulu nokuzwa okunzima eNdiya. Namuhla, leli lizwe linamabandla ambalwa abalulekile azinikezwe izithulu emazingeni kazwelonke, wesifunda, nesifunda. Lawa maqembu asiza ukuxhumanisa izinsizakalo ezibalulekile futhi ahlinzeke ngokuxhasa ngokuxhasa imikhankaso njengeSuku Lwabantu abayizithulu njalo ngenyanga kaSepthemba.
Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlangano ezibalulekile:
- I-National Association of the Deaf (eNew Delhi)
- I-Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (Mumbai)
- Yonke i-India Federation yezithulu (eNew Delhi)
- I-Bihar Association Yezithulu (Patna)
- I-Deaf Can Association (i-Bhopal)
- I-Delhi Association Yezithulu (eNew Delhi)
- I-Delhi Foundation Yabesifazane Abangenangqondo (eNew Delhi)
- I-West Bengal Society yezithulu (Kolkata)
- I-Madras Association Yezithulu (Chennai)
- I-Tamil Nadu State Federation of the Deaf (Chennai)
- Wonke Umkhandlu Wezemidlalo Wase-India wezithulu (eNew Delhi)
Imfundo Nokuziqeqesha eNtandi
Ema-1960s no-70s, iNdiya ingasho izikole ezingaphezu kuka-10 zezizithulu ezweni lonke.
Nakuba kusengakwanele endleleni yokusekelwa kwezemfundo kubantwana abayizithulu nabantu abadala, izinto ziyathuthuka kancane kancane. Namuhla, kunamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezikole eziyizizithulu kulo lonke izwe elinemikhakha ephakeme kakhulu ebonwa emazweni aseTamil Nadu, Maharashtra naseDelhi.
Phakathi kwezinye zezikhungo zemfundo ezivelele (by state):
- Society for the Education of Izisulu Nezimpumputhe (Andras Pradesh)
- Isikhungo Senhlalakahle Yokuzwa Nokukhuluma Isiguli (Haryana)
- I-Central Society ye-Education of the Deaf (Maharashtra)
- I-Audiology yezeMfundo ne-Research Society (Maharashtra)
- Imfundo ye-Aural for the Hearing Impaired (Maharashtra)
- Shri Swami Samarth Special Teacher Training Institute (Maharashtra)
- I-Badhit Bal Vikas Kendra (Rajasthan)
- Association Of Relief Relief Association of Calicut (Kerala)
- I-Helen Keller Institute for Deaf and Deafblind (Maharashtra)
- Isikhungo Sokuqeqesha Esixubileyo seDeaf Delhi)
- Isikhungo Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Sokuthungatha (Lator (Maharashtra
- Umkhandlu Wokuvuselela I-India (Delhi)
> Imithombo:
> Garg, S .; Chandra, S .; I-Malhotra, S. et al. "Ukungalaleli: umthwalo, ukuvimbela, nokulawula eNdiya." U- Natl Med J India. 2009; 22 (2): 79-81. I-PMID: 19852345.
> I-United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). "Izibalo zaseNdiya." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; ibuyekezwe ngoDisemba 27, 2013.