Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa yisifo sesithathu esidala kakhulu esithinta abantu abadala. Okhulile wena, cishe uzozwa ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe. Ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezikhungathekile kuncike ekutheni kuncike ekutheni ulahlekelwe ukuzwa okungakanani.
Amazinga wokulahlekelwa kokuzwa asekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-audiology. Ukuzwa kwakho kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile uma uzwa imisindo ye-decibel 15 noma ngaphansi.
Ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuhlukaniswa njengekhono lokuzwa umsindo kuma-decibel angu-16 kuya kwangu-25, ukulahleka kokuzwa okuncane okuzwakalayo ukuzwa ama-decibel angu-26 kuya kwangu-40, ukulahleka kokuzwa okulinganisiwe okuhlukaniswe njengokwazi ukuzwa imisindo yama-decibel angu-41 kuya kwangu-55, ngokulinganisela kakhulu njengo-56 kuya kuma-decibel angu-70, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okujulile njengama-decibel angama-71 kuya kwangu-90, nokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezijulile ezihlukaniswa nje ngokuba ukwazi ukuzwa imisindo engaphezu kwama-decibel angu-91.
Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngamazinga ahlukene okulahleka kokuzwa nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe ebucayi bokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe.
Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Okuphansi
Igama elithi "ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane" kungase kudukise futhi kudukise njengoba kuwukuthi lesi simo asikhubaza. Ngenkathi okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ozwa ukulahlekelwa okuncane okungezwayo kuyoba okuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye, abantu abaningi banenkinga yokuqonda inkulumo ngisho nale degree yokulahlekelwa kokulalela. Ungase uzithole uhlale ucela abanye abakuzungezile ukuthi baphinde baziphindiselele.
Umsindo wangemuva noma ezinye izibonakaliso ezikhuphisanayo zizokwenza ngcono ikhono lakho lokuqonda inkulumo.
Abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuncane ngeke babe nenkinga yokuzwa imisindo ethile kanti ezinye izandi zingase zibe yinkinga. Ngokuyinhloko imisindo elandelayo ingase kube nzima ukuzwa ngomuntu onalesi sifo sokulahlekelwa kokuzwa: / f /, / s /, / th /, and / k /.
Ungathola ukuthi kufanele ulalele ithelevishini noma kumculo ngevolumu ephakeme kunabantu abakuzungezile. Abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuncane bangase bazwe ukukhathala okwephukile. Ukulalela ukukhathala yisimo esenzeka ngoba abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kufanele basebenze kanzima ukuqonda nokulandela izingxoxo.
Izimpawu zalawo wonke amazinga okulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuzoba mabi kakhulu uma ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuthinta zombili izindlebe kunokuba uhlangothi olulodwa. Iningi labantu abanokuzwa ukuzwa okuncane ngendlebe eyodwa kuphela bayakwazi ukukhokhela kahle.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, amacala amaningi okulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane ayengabonwa futhi angatholakali. Abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuncane ngokuvamile bahlala besebenza ngokuphezulu, kodwa ukuzwa ukukhuliswa ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokuzwa kungasithuthukisa izinga labo lokuphila.
Izisebenzi ezingaba usizo ekuhloliseni nasekuphatheni ukulahleka kokuzwa okuncane zibandakanya abasebenza ngokujwayelekile, odokotela bama-otolaryngologists (odokotela, indlebe, ne-throat) kanye nabazakwa-audiologists .
Ukulahlekelwa Okumangalisayo Nokulinganisela Okumangalisayo
Lesi sigaba sibandakanya abantu abaphila nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa emkhakheni we-41 kuya ku-70 we-decibel. Abantu abanalesi sifo sokulahlekelwa kokuzwa ngokuvamile bakuthola kunzima ukuzwa umsindo ozwakalayo ngokuzwakalayo. Ingxoxo evamile ingaba ngu-60 decibel.
Ngokuqinisekile uzothola ukuthi kufanele ulalele ithelevishini noma umculo ngomsindo okhudlwana kunabanye bomndeni wakho noma abangani bakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthola ubunzima ekuqondeni inkulumo futhi cishe uzothola ukukhathala ukulalela. Lezi zindaba ezizwayo zikhuliswa phambi komsindo wangemuva. Lelizinga lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe lingaphazamisa ikhono lomuntu lokuphumelela emsebenzini kanye nokusebenza komphakathi, futhi kuholela ekuzizweni kokuzihlukanisa nokucindezeleka uma kungashiywa ngaphandle kokulashwa.
Ukwelashwa kwanoma yiliphi izinga lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuncike ekubambeni okubangela. Uma ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kungenakuguqulwa abantu abahlinzayo noma abagulayo abanokukhubazeka okulalelwayo ngokulinganisela ngokuvamile bazuza ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa noma amanye amadivaysi okukhulisa umsindo .
Ihlukumezeka ku-Profound Hearing Loss
Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa kulolu hlu kubangela ukukhubaza ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Abantu abanokuzwa ukuzwa okukhulu abakwazi ukuzwa umsindo ngezansi kwama-decibel angu-70. Abantu abanokuzwa ukuzwa okujulile abakwazi ukuzwa imisindo engezansi mayelana nama-decibel angu-90. Ukukunika umqondo ongcono wokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu, nansi eminye imisindo evamile kanye nezibalo zazo ezilinganisiwe:
- Umgwaqo onamandla, i-vacuum cleaner, noma iwashi le-alamu cishe ngama-decibel angu-70.
- Umshini omile, i-kitchen blender, noma iprosesa yokudla cishe ngama-decibel angu-80-90.
- Isitimela noma isithuthuthu esedlula cishe ngama-decibel angu-90.
Abantu abanokuzwa ukulahlekelwa okujulile banenkinga yokuzwa inkulumo nokukhuluma nabanye. Amakhono afana nolimi lwezandla noma ukufundwa kwezintambo kungasiza ekwenzeni ukukhulumisana kwababili abadala kanye nezingane ezinzima ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
Izinsiza zokuzwa eziphakanyisiwe eziphakeme noma amadivaysi okukhulisa umsindo angabazuzisa kwabanye abantu abanokulahlekelwa okujulile noma okujulile kokulalelwa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezindlebe), kodwa kubantu abaningi abanalesi sifo sokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Kuncike ekutheni ulahlekelwe ukuzwa, izimpande ze-cochlear ziyindlela yokwelashwa kubantu abaningi abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzwa.
Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear kuyisisetshenziswa esakhiwe ngokuhlinzwa esiqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Kukhona ingxenye yangaphakathi nengxenye yangaphandle. Le divaysi yezokwelapha igxilisa ingxenye ewonakele yendlebe yakho futhi ivuselele ngqo inzwa yokuhlola.
Ukulandela ukufakelwa okuhlinzekwa kokufakelwa kwe-cochlear, kunenqubo yokuvuselela . Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele ufunde ukuthi uzwa kanjani ngokufaka isihlahla sakho se-cochlear futhi usebenze nomuntu we-audiologist, oyokwenza izinguquko ezivamile kudivayisi yakho (ebizwa ngokuthi imephu). Ukusebenzisa isitshalo se-cochlear akufani nokusebenzisa usizo lokuzwa noma idivaysi yokukhulisa umsindo, kufanele ujwayele ukuzwa imisindo ngendlela entsha.
Abantu abangaphezu kuka-188,000 bathole izimpande ze-cochlear. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa njalo kulawa madivayisi futhi bakhulise ikhwalithi yokuphila izinkulungwane zabantu ezinzima kakhulu ekulahlekeni kokuzwa okujulile. Noma kunjalo, amadivaysi ama-cochlear awawona wonke umuntu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase uzuze esitshalweni se-cochlear, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
> Imithombo:
> Izimila ze-cochlear. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Umhlangano weMelika. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Novemba 29, 2017 > http://www.hearingloss.org/content/cochlear-implants
> I-Degree of Hearing Loss. Iwebhusayithi ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing-Association. https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Degree-of-Hearing-Loss/
> Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Ukwelashwa. Iwebhusayithi yokuzwa okunempilo. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 10, 2017 https://www.healthyhearing.com/help/hearing-loss/treatment
> Umsindo. Iwebhusayithi ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing-Association. https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Noise/
> Yiziphi ezinye Izinkolelo Ezivamile Zokuzwa Ukuzwa Okulahlekile? I-Audiology Online. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Disemba 2013. https://www.audiologyonline.com/ask-the-experts/what-some-common-misconceptions-mild-12268