Izithako Ezivimba I-UVB Radiation
Ama-sunscreen ayimikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-skincare esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga, ukufaka izithombe , nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kuze kube yamuva, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuvimbela imisebe ye-UVB nokushisa kwelanga kwakuwukuphela kwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga. Isilinganiso se-SPF sakhiwe ukukala amandla okukhanya kwelanga ukuvimbela imisebe ye-UVB. Manje siyazi ukuthi imisebe ye-UVA nayo ibangelwa kakhulu ekulimazeni isikhumba.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-SPF iyisivikelo sokuvikelwa kwe-UVB, izithako ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwesikrini somswakama esibamba imisebe ye-UVB kanye nokunikeza ukuvikelwa okubanzi-noma kwe-UVA nokuvikelwa kwe-UVB. Lezi zithako ezivamile zamakhemikhali zisetshenziselwa ukushisa imisebe ye-UVB kuphela .
I-PABA
I-PABA , noma i- para-aminobenzoic acid , yafika emakethe e-United States ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 futhi yayiyi-sunscreen yokuqala yeqiniso eyatholakala kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, i-allergen eyaziwa futhi isuselwe ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Akuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-sunscreens anamuhla.
- Izinzuzo: I- PABA inamathele ngokuqinile emaqenjini e-epidermis, igcine ingahlanzwa emanzini noma igxilwe ithawula.
- Ukungalungi: Kubangelwa ukusabela okwe-allergen emaphesenti angu-4 wabantu futhi kuphazamisa izingubo zokugqoka.
I-PABA Esters
I- PABA ester kuphela evunyelwe yi-FDA ukuze isebenzise e-United States i- Padimate O , eyaziwa nangokuthi i- octyl dimethyl PABA .
Le nhlanganisela ifana ne-PABA yamakhemikhali, kodwa akuyona into ecasulayo. Ngesikhathi i-PABA-free sunscreens yasungulwa, ukuthandwa kwe-Padimate O kunqabile ngokushesha. Ukuhlukunyezwa O usesekhona kwezinye izicabha zelanga ngoba lisetshenziswe namanye amakhemikhali ukwandisa i-SPF yomkhiqizo.
- Izinzuzo: Kuyinto enganqamuki kwamanzi futhi ayifuni izingubo zokugqoka.
- Ukungalungi: Kuyaziwa ukuthi kubangele ukusabela kokugula.
Amakhomishi
Ama- cinnamates , i- Octyl methoxycinnamate ne- cinoxate , yizona ezisetshenzisiwe kakhulu ze-UVB e-United States. Zivame ukutholakala ezithombeni eziphethe i-SPF factor.
- Izinzuzo: Ziyi-absorber ezinamandla ze-UVB. Uma kuhlanganiswe namanye amakhemikhali "obucayi", basiza ukwenza lawo amakhemikhali angabeki emanzini futhi azinzile.
- Izinkinga: Zingabacasula. Abantu abanezinzwa ezibangelwa ibhalsamu yasePeru, i-tolu balsam, amaqabunga e-coca, i-aldehyde yama-cinnamic kanye namafutha esinamninzana nawo angazwela ama-cinnamates.
Ama-salicylates
I- salicylates i- homicyenthyl salicylate , i- octyl salicylate , ne- triethanolamine salicylate . Ama-salicylates asetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ngisho naphambi kwe-PABA. I-Trolamine salicylate iyinhlanganisela yamanzi, ngakho-ke ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa imikhiqizo yezinwele evikela emisebeni ye-UV. Ukubamba iqhaza kungukuthi imakhemikhali i-FDA isebenzisa njengendlela ejwayelekile yokulinganisa i-SPF.
- Izinzuzo: Ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi futhi zizinzile phambi kwelanga.
- Izinkinga: Zivikela ngokumelene nengxenye encane ye-spectrum ye-UVB, ngakho kufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni eziphakeme.
I-octocrylene
I-octocrylene ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa i-avobenzone, i-absorber ye-UVA, futhi ikhona ikakhulukazi kwimikhiqizo engeyona i-comedogenic.
Ngenye yezimpawu ezimbalwa ze-UV ezingasetshenziswa kuma-suncreens ama-gel.
- Izinzuzo: Ngokuvamile akucasula isikhumba.
- Ukungalungi: Kumele kuhlanganiswe nezinye izihlungi ze-UV ukuze zizinzile futhi zibiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza.
Ensulizole
I-Ensulizole noma i- PBSA i-soluble yamanzi, ngakho isetshenziswe kuma-moisturizers amaningi. Yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuvimbela imisebe ye-UVB, kodwa ayivimbeli noma yimiphi imilayezo ye-UVA. Izihlungi ze-UVB ezibalwe ngenhla zivimbela umthamo omncane wemisebe ye-UVA.
- Izinzuzo: Akuvamile ukuthi kubangele ukucasula isikhumba.
- Ukungalungi : Ivimbela i-band encane yemisebe ye-UV.
Imithombo:
Lautenschlager, S, HC Wulf, noM MR Pittelkow. "Ukuvikela isithombe," i-Lancet. 370 (2007): 528-37.
Nguyen, Nathalie noDarrell Rigel. "Ukuvikela isithombe nokuvimbela i-Photocarcinogenesis." Ukwakhiwa Kwezithoko Zokukhiqiza Kwezinhlanzi. Ed. U-Zoe Draelos noLauren Thamon. ENew York: Taylor & Francis, 2006. 156-9.
I-Palm, MD, no-MN O'Donoghue. "Vuselela ekulandeleni izithombe." I-Dermatol Ther. 20 (2007): 360-76.