Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kungaqhubeka nesifo esichaza i-AIDS
I-Candidiasis yisifo sofuba esibangelwa yizinkinga ze- Candida , uhlobo lwesimvu. Ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-thrush, ukutheleleka kubonakala ngamacwecwe amhlophe, amhlophe olimini, kanye nezinye izingxenye zomlomo nomphimbo. Umphimbo omunyu nobunzima bokugwinya kungaphinde uhambe.
Lapho i-candidiasis iveza ubulili, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi igciwane lesilonda futhi ibonakala ukukhukhulwa okwesibhakabhaka, okufana nokukhishwa okwesisu kusuka ebesini.
Ukushisa kwamagagasi, ukuhlakumeza, nokuhlunga kuvame ukuphawula ngesikhathi kuqhuma.
Nakuba kungavamile ukubonwa, izifo ze- Candida nazo zingenzeka esikhumbeni, ngaphansi kwezikhonkwane zeminwe, ku-rectum, i-anus noma i-penis, noma ngaphakathi kwe- oop or pharynx .
I-Candida plaque ingasuswa kusuka olimini, izindonga zomlomo, noma izindonga zesifazane, eveza isiqhwaga esinzima, esibomvu, esicwebezela phansi. I-plaque ayinamafutha ngokuphelele.
I-Candidiasis ayiyona into engavamile futhi ibonisa ngokujwayelekile uma ukuphendula komzimba komuntu kuphansi. Imvubelo ye Candida ngokwayo ikhona kubantu abaningi, ngaphakathi kwemifino yemvelo yomlomo kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla, kanye nesikhumba. Kuyinto kuphela uma izinguquko kulezi zindlela zenzeka ukuthi Candida angakwazi ukukhula kahle, ngokuvamile ekhombisa ukutheleleka okungenasisekelo.
Kodwa-ke, uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngculaza sigxilile kakhulu, njengoba kungenzeka nge- HIV engaphenduliwe, i- Candida ingaba yingozi futhi isakaze kuwo wonke umzimba, ebangela ukugula okukhulu futhi kungenzeka ukufa.
I-Candidiasis e-HIV Infection
Ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi elikhuthele kunciphisa impendulo yomzimba yomuntu, i-candidiasis ivame ukuphawulwa kubantu abaphila negciwane. Ngenkathi ingaba khona ngisho nakakhulu kulabo abane- antiretroviral therapy (i-ART) , kuvame ukuphawula kubantu abanamasosha omzimba ahlasele kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile bayisixwayiso sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlobene nokutheleleka nge-HIV .
Uma ukutheleleka nge-HIV kushiywanga kungaphathwa futhi isibalo se- CD4 somuntu singena ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-200 / mL (esinye sezigaba ezisemthethweni ze- AIDS ), ingozi ye-candidiasis engavamile yanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-candidiasis ye-esophagus, bronchi, trachea noma amaphaphu (kodwa hhayi umlomo) namuhla ihlukaniswe isimo esichaza i- AIDS .
Ingozi ye-candidiasis ayihlanganiswa kuphela nesimo somzimba sokuzivikela komuntu kepha izinga lomsebenzi wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi njengoba kulinganiswa nomthwalo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza . Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangokwakho nokutheleleka okuthe xaxa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukuqaliswa kwe-ART kunganikeza izinzuzo ngendlela yokugwema izifo-hhayi kuphela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zeC Candida kodwa nezinye izifo ezithandanayo.
Izinhlobo zeCandidiasis
I-Candidiasis ingabonisa nganoma yiziphi izindlela eziningi: kumathiskhi e-mucosal, esikhumbeni, noma ngokungahambi kuwo wonke umzimba. Zijwayele ukuhlukaniswa kanje:
I-Mucosal candidiasis
- I-candidiasis yomlomo (i-thrush yomlomo, i-oropharyngeal candidiasis)
- I-Candidal vulvovaginitis (isisu sesisu sesisu)
- I-esophageal candidiasis (i-candidiasis ye-esophagus)
- I-candidal balanitis (i-candidiasis ye-penis, eyenzeka cishe kuphela kubantu abangasokile)
I-cutaneous (isikhumba) i-candidiasis
Candidiasis evamile
- I-candidiasis yesistimu, ehilela isitho esisodwa
- Ukusakaza i-candidiasis, ehlanganisa izitho eziningi
Ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe- Candida ukutheleleka kuvame ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kanye / noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane zemvubelo.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela I-Candidiasis
Isinyathelo sokuqala esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekunakekeleni noma ekuvimbeleni i-candidiasis kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukuvuselela umsebenzi womzimba womuntu ngokuqala i-ART . Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe- Candida yedwa akusebenzi kancane ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda uma impendulo yegciwane lengculazi ingabuyiselwa ngokwanele.
Ukutheleleka kwe- Candida ngokwayo kuvame ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezinjengama-fluconazole, i-clotrimazole yama-topical, i-nystatin ye-topical, ne-ketoconazole yama-topical.
I-candidiasis yomlomo ivame ukuphendula kahle ngemithi yokwelapha, nakuba imithi yomlomo ingahle ibekwe. I-candididal esophagitis ingaphathwa ngomlomo noma nge-intravenously, kuye ngokuthi ubunzima, ngokuvamile ngokusetshenziswa kwe-amphotericin B ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Iklasi elisha le-antifungal elibizwa ngokuthi ama-echinocandin nalo lisetshenziswa ekunakekeleni i-candidiasis ephakeme. Ngokuvamile, i-echinocandini inikeza ubuthi obuphansi kanye nokusebenzisana okuncane kwezidakamizwa-izidakamizwa, nakuba ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe iziguli ngokungathobeli kwezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu (anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin) zilawulwa ngaphakathi.
I-candidiasis ehlelekile futhi esakazwayo ethinta amathambo, isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi, amehlo, izinso, isibindi, imisipha, noma isiphelo ngokuvamile ziphathwa kabi kakhulu, ngokuphathwa komlomo kanye / noma ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ezingasebenzi. I-Amphoterin B enye inketho engenzeka.
Umthombo:
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo (NIH). "Imihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Nokunakekelwa Kwezifo Ezingavamile Ezinganeni Ezikhulelwe Ne-Adolescent". AIDSInfo; I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ifinyelelwe ngoJuni 21, 2015.
> NIH. "I -Candidiasis ehlobene ne-HIV ." AIDSInfo; eshicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 1995; ibuyekezwe ngoMeyi 24, 2016.