"Ukuhamba phambili, ukuwa emuva" kuyisifushane esincane se-Daylight Saving Time (DST), inqubomgomo ekhona emazweni amaningi ahlose ukugcina amandla nokusebenzisa kangcono ukukhanya kwemini. Kodwa yimuphi umphumela oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu wokumisa ukushintsha kwewashi lomzimba wangaphakathi, impilo yethu nokuphila isikhathi eside?
Umlando we-DST
Kusungulwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I ukugcina amandla okukhiqiza, Isikhathi Sokugcina Usuku kuhilela ukuhamba ngehora elilodwa ngaphambi kweSikhathi Esijwayelekile ngoMashi, ukuze kusetshenziswe ukukhanya kwemini kusihlwa.
Kuwe, amawashi ashintshwe emuva ihora (abuyele ku-Standard Time), ukuze abe nokukhanya okuningi emini ezinyangeni zasebusika. Ngenkathi ukunamathela ku-Daylight Saving Time kwaba yindawo eminengi iminyaka eminingi, izizwe eziningi manje zisebenzisa ukushintshwa kwonyaka. EYurophu, uhlelo lubizwa nge-European Summer Time. Kuthenjiswe ukuthembela kokulondolozwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo, ngo-2005 i-United States yanikezela ukwandiswa kweSuku lokuSindisa iSonto ngamaviki amane, liphuza ukushintshwa kwewashi emuva emuva kuNovemba.
Abagqugquzeli bokushintsha amawashi ngokuqhubekayo - ukunweba imini kuze kube kusihlwa - baphikisa ukuthi kuthuthukisa impilo engcono kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ngokunika amandla okuzilibazisa nokuzikhandla okungaphandle.
Ukuphumula Ukulala kanye Nempilo Yengqondo
Ngesikhathi ukulahleka kwehora elilodwa - noma ukuzuza-kokulala kungase kubonakale kuncane, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukushintsha iwashi lethu elilingana nendawo eyodwa kungaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene esimweni sethu sengqondo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini yokucindezeleka.
Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-data yase-Australia kusukela ngo-1971-2001 kwathola ukunyuka kokuzibulala kwesilisa ngemva kokushiya kwentwasahlobo ku-Daylight Saving Time, kuqhathaniswa nonyaka wonke. Ucwaningo lwango-2008 olwanyatheliswa ku- Sleep and Biological Rhythms , lukhombisa ukuthi umthelela ungabangelwa ukulala nokuphungulwa ezindabeni zokulala / ukuvuka kwakhe, noma isigqi se-circadian .
Abacwaningi baphinde babhekise idatha eyedlule kuma-multiple sets of twins - lapho iwele elilodwa lalinenkinga yokuguquguquka kwe-bipolar - kubonisa ukuthi kunengozi enkulu ekushintsheni kwenkathi kwimizwelo emawele amathintekayo.
Izingozi Zezimoto Ngemva Kokushintsha Kwesikhathi Esiphethweni
Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwasikisela ukuthi izingozi zethrafikhi kanye nokushayisana kwenyuka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi se-Daylight Saving ngoMashi, okusho ukuthi ukwanda kwabashayela abashayeli abalala ngokulahlekelwa kwe-shut-eye yehora. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ukufundwa kocwaningo okuhambisanayo. Isibonelo, ukubuyekezwa kuka-2007 okushicilelwe ku -BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy kuhlolisise imiphumela yesikhashana kanye nesikhathi eside yengozi zethrafikhi, ngokushintshela Isikhathi Sokugcina Usuku entwasahlobo. Abacwaningi, abavela ku-RAND Corporation, bahlaziya idatha ye-US crash eminyakeni engama-28, kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-2003. Okutholakele? Ukuhambisa iwashi kusengaphambili akubanga umehluko omkhulu kunani lezingozi zezimoto esikhathini esifushane. Ukuncishiswa okuncane isikhathi eside kwatholakala, kodwa, kokubili ukushayisana okubandakanya abahamba ngezinyawo (phansi kuka-8-11%), nalabo abandakanya ezinye izimoto (6-10%).
Kwenzekani Lapho Iwashi Libuyela Emuva?
Ukubuyela Esikhathini Esijwayelekile ekwindla kunikeza abantu ihora elilodwa lokulala , kepha ngokusho kokuhlaziywa ngabaprofesa ababili baseCarnegie Mellon University ePittsburgh, PA, ukushintshwa kungaba yingozi - okungenani, kubahamba ngezinyawo.
AbaProfesa uPaul Fischbeck noDavid Gerard baye baqoqa imininingwane eminingi yezibalo zomgwaqo futhi bahambise idatha yabo ezinkampanini eziningana ze-US federal. Baqhathanisa nezingozi zomgwaqo e-US ezinyangeni zika-Okthoba, nalabo ngoNovemba. Nakuba kungenjalo ukuqhuma kokushayisana kwatholakala izimoto, ukwanda okukhulu - cishe okuphindwe kathathu ingozi - kubonakala kubulalayo abahamba ngezinyawo phakathi kuka-5: 00 no-6 ntambama, emavikini elandela ukushintsha kwesikhathi sokuwa. Phakathi nenkathi phakathi kuka-1999 no-2005, isilinganiso sokufa kwabantu abangu-37 senzeke cishe ngo-6: 00 ngoNovemba, uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga edlule.
I-Fischbeck ibonisa ukuphakama kwelanga. Uthi kimi: "Abantu abasajwayele ukuhamba ebumnyameni," usho kanje. "I-spike iyingozi kunawo wonke amasonto amabili ngemuva kokushintsha kwesikhathi, bese ihlehla emuva ngoDisemba kumazinga avamile."
Entwasahlobo, uFischbeck uthi, okuphambene nalokhu kuyiqiniso: kunezinye izingozi zomgwaqo ngesikhathi sekusasa ekuseni emva kwesikhathi se-Daylight Saving isiqaliswa ngoba abashayeli bokuqala baphinda bebumnyama. Idatha yakhe ibonisa ukuthi ukwanda kwezinhlekelele ezihamba ngezinyawo entwasahlobo kungaphansi kokunyuka kokufa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sehora lokushona kusihlwa ngemva kokushintsha kwesikhathi sonyaka kaNovemba.
Yini okufanele uyenze kulezi zibalo? Kubonakala sengathi imizimba yethu ithatha isikhathi eside ukuze ivumelane neshintsho sesikhathi sonyaka, kunama-crystal. Qaphela ukulala ngokwanele kulezi zikhathi zonyaka, futhi ubheke izindlela zombili, ngaphambi kokuwela umgwaqo ngesikhathi sokuphuthuma.
Imithombo:
M Lambe. (2000) Ukushintshwa kokungena nokusukela kwesikhatsi sokulondolozwa kwelanga kanye nokushayeka kwezimoto. Ukuhlaziywa Kwengozi Nokuvimbela 32: 4, 609-611.
UMayer Hillman. "Ukukhanya kwelanga okungcono, impilo engcono: kungani kungadingeki sibeke amawashi emuva kule mpelasonto." BMJ 2010; 34.
Michael Berk, Seetal Dodd, Karen Hallam, Lesley Berk, uJohn Gleeson, uMargaret Henry. "Izinguquko ezincane ezilinganisweni zokuzibulala zihambisana nokwanda kokuzibulala: Umphumela wokulondoloza imini." Izindlela Zokulala Neziphilayo 2008; 6: 22-25.
UPaul Fischbeck. UProfesa wezenhlalakahle kanye nesinqumo sezesayensi / ubunjiniyela kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi. I-Carnegie Mellon University. Ukuxhumana komuntu siqu November 5, 2012.
I-Sood, i-Neeraj ne-Ghosh, i-Arkadipta. "Imiphumela Efitjhani Nesikhathi eside Sokugcina I-Daylight ngesikhathi Sokulimala Kwezimoto Ezibulalayo. I-BE Journal Economic Analysis & Policy. ISSN 1935-1682, 02/2007, Umqulu 7, Issue 1, k. 11.