I-Dystonia ihilela ukungqubuzana okungahambisani nokuzibandakanya kwemisipha evame ukusebenza ngokubambisana, ukuze ingxenye yomzimba ibanjwe isikhundla esingavamile futhi esibuhlungu ngenxa yalokho. I-Dystonia ingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, futhi ingabangela kokubili ukuhlazeka nokuhluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingenziwa ngcono i-dystonia.
Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo Nokusebenza
Ukubona umuthi osebenza ngokomzimba noma osebenzayo kungasiza abantu abane-dystonia bafunde ukusebenza ngokuzungeze isifo sabo, nakuba kungaphatheli ngqo inkinga. Abantu abaningi abane-dystonia bathola nokuthi bayakwazi ukukhulula izimpawu zabo okwesikhashana ngokuthinta ingxenye yomzimba wabo ngendlela ethile. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi- geste antagoniste , futhi ingenye yezici ezingavamile ze-dystonia.
Imithi Yomlomo
Ngeshwa, imithi embalwa iyasebenza ngokuphelele ekwelapheni i-dystonia. Ukungafani nalomthetho kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwe- Benadryl ukuphatha i-dystonia ephuza izidakamizwa kanye nokusebenzisa i-dopamine ukuphatha izinhlobo ezithile ze-dystonia ezuzwe njengefa, njenge-Segawa syndrome. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zonke izingane noma intsha ezine-dystonia kufanele zinikezwe isilingo se-dopamine.
U-Artane (trihexyphenidyl) ungenye yemithi efundwa kakhulu kakhulu ye-dystonia. Le mithi ivela emndenini we-anticholinergics.
Iziguli ezincane zivame ukuzuza kakhulu kulo muthi. Abantu abadala bangaba nomthelela kakhulu emiphumeleni emibi ye-anticholinergics, kufaka phakathi umlomo owomile, ukudideka, ukuguqulwa, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokuhlelwa kwemicabango.
I-Benzodiazepines, njenge- clonazepam , ingasetshenziswa futhi, ngokuvamile ngokubambisana neminye imithi.
I-Baclofen, i-muscle relaxant, ngokuvamile ayiyona usizo kakhulu ekwelapheni i-dystonia, kodwa ingase ibe usizo ekuphatheni i-dystonia yomlenze, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane. Umthelela ohlangothini oluyinhloko wale mithi yi-sedation.
Ama-dopamine-depleting agents afana ne-tetrabenazine yizinto eziphambene ngqo nokunikeza i-dopamine, kodwa futhi ingaba nendawo yokuphatha i-dystonia. Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukucindezeleka nokudangala, kanye ne-parkinsonism. Uma le mithi isetshenziswa, amanani kufanele akhuliswe kancane kancane.
Imithi Ejojowe
E-dystonia eqondile echaphazela ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yomzimba, ama-injection we-botulinum ubuthi angasiza. Eqinisweni, kwezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia, njenge-blepharospasm (iso elidlulayo ngokweqile) kanye ne-torticollis yomlomo wesibeletho (i-col dystonia), umjovo we-botulinum we-toxin uthathwa njengelashwa lokuqala. E-torticollis, iziguli ezingu-70-90% zibike ezinye izinzuzo. Izifo ziphindaphinda njalo emavikini angu-12 kuya kwangu-16. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo lwezokwelapha, imiphumela ingahlala iqinile futhi iphephile iminyaka eminingi.
I-injulumum injections isebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter ekhombisa phakathi kwamagciwane nezinzwa. Lokhu kuholela ekubeni buthakathaka komzimba. Imiphumela emibi ye-botulinum injection ye-toxin ihlanganisa ubuthakathaka obuningi, okungaba buhlungu ikakhulukazi uma ukujova nxazonke nge-blepharospasm, noma eduze kwentamo nomphimbo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekugwineni izinkinga.
Izijovo kufanele zibhekiswe ngokunembile ukuze kukhuliswe inzuzo ngenkathi kuncishiswe ingozi yemiphumela emibi.
Izinketho zokuhlinza
Uma izinketho zezokwelapha zihluleka futhi uma i-dystonia iphazamisa ukuphila komunye umuntu, izinketho zokuhlinzwa zingacatshangwa.
Esikhathini esedlule, lezi zindlela zokuhlinza zazibandakanya ngenhloso yokulimaza ingozi yomzimba ephuma ebuchosheni eya emithanjeni ethintekile (ngaleyo ndlela ibuthakathaka imisipha nokukhulula i-dystonia) noma ingxenye ehlukile yengqondo. Manje, abantu abaningi bakhetha isixazululo esincane esingapheli ngendlela yokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile ( DBS ).
Ukukhushulwa kobuchopho obujulile kuboniswe kakhulu kwi-dystonia eyinhloko yemikhakha ejwayelekile.
Abantu abahlushwa yilolu hlobo lwe-dystonia bavame ukuba abancane, kubandakanya nezingane. Izimpendulo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho obujulile zingahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, impendulo ye-dystonia kuya kwi-DBS ayinakulinganiswa kangcono kunempendulo yesifo sikaParkinson nokuzamazama okubalulekile, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kungabonwa izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokwelashwa.
Cishe izinyanga eziyishumi nambili emva kweDBS, iziguli eziningi ezine-dystonia zibonisa ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba ngamaphesenti angama-50. Izingane nabantu abaye baba ne-dystonia isikhathi esincane kakhulu bavame ukwenza kangcono kunesilinganiso. I-dystonia yesibili ayifuni ukuphendula njengokubikezela ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho obujulile. Ngendlela efanayo, uma i-dystonia iholele ekutheni kube nokuhleleka okukhona kunokuba iguquke ngokweqile, i-dystonia ayinakukwazi ukuphendula ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho obujulile.
Imithombo:
U-Kathleen Poston, Uhlolojikelele lwe-Common Movement Disorders, Continuum: Izinkinga zokuhamba ngeMqulu Volume 16, Number 1, February 2010
I-Mustafa Saad Siddiqui, i-Ihstsham Ul Haq, uMichael S Okun, i-Deep Brain Ukukhuthazwa Kwezinkinga Zokuhamba, I-Continuum: Ukukhathazeka Kwemishini Umqulu 16, Inombolo 1, February 2010