I-Gadolinium iyinhlangano yamakhemikhali (isisindo esinzima) esingasetshenziswa futhi siyoncibilike ibe yikhiqizi ecacile elawulwa ngendlela ehlanganiswayo futhi isetshenziswe njenge-agent ngesikhathi sebele i- MRI (imaging magnetic resonance) .I-IMR ne-gadolinium isiza odokotela ukuthola, ukuhlola futhi uqaphele umdlavuza emzimbeni. I-FDA ivumile ama-agent ahluke ngokusekelwe e-gadolinium:
- Omniscan
- I-OptiMARK
- I-Magnevist
- ProHance
- MultiHance
- Ablavar
- I-Dotarem
- I-Eovist
- I-Gadavist
Njengoba i-gadolinium igeleza ngegazi lakho futhi ingena ensimini yamagnetic, izinga lokushisa layo landa kancane; ngeke uzizwele umphumela ngoba inani le-element liyingcosana kakhulu. Izimpawu ezidalwe yi-gadolinium edlulayo ziyathathwa yimishini yomsakazo ekhethekile ngaphakathi komshini we-MRI. Lezo zimpawu zithunyelwa kwikhompyutha, okudala izithombe zesisindo sebele. Ukuba khona kwe-gadolinium emithanjeni kugcizelela ukujikeleza ngaphakathi kwebele lakho futhi kusiza ukwakha isithombe esiphambene kakhulu. I-Gadolinium izophola njengoba iphuma ensimini yamagnetic futhi izosuswa kusuka kusistimu yakho ngezinso zakho.
Izingozi
I-MRIs ngokuvamile ivikelekile kunezinye izinqubo zokuxilonga. Abasebenzisi imisebe ye-ionizing ehlanganiswe nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi kunezingozi ezithile ezibandakanyeka ne-gadolinium engakaziwa ngaphambili.
Ngo-2014, kwaqedwa uchungechunge lwezifundo ezintathu ezikhomba ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwe-gadolinium nokungaqondakali kwengqondo. Nakuba i-gadolinium yayikholakala ukuthi isuswe ngokuphelele emzimbeni ngemuva kwe-MRI, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-gadolinium ingase ingasuswa ngokushesha futhi ingakwazi ukuhlala emzimbeni, isithinta izicubu.
Ukuba khona kwe-gadolinium kungaholela ezinkingeni ezithile ezifana ne- multiple sclerosis (MS) . Nakuba le miphumela iboniswa kuphela kulezi zifundo zokuqala, kuyisici okufanele ucabange ngaso lapho uqala ukwelashwa kwakho futhi kufanele ukhulunywe nodokotela wakho.
Ngonyaka ka-2015, i-FDA yakhipha ukulandelwa kobuchopho obufaka ehambisana ne-gadolinium. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kwakukhathazeka kakhudlwana uma umuntu edingeka abe ne-MRIs emine noma ngaphezulu esebenzisa lawa ma-agent. Ngisho nalokhu, noma kunjalo, aziwa ukuthi kungaba yingozi. I-Gadolinium ingabuye igcinwe esikhumbeni nasemathanjeni.
Azikho izingozi ezaziwa ezivela ekuvezweni kwamagagasi omsakazo asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sesimiso se-MRI.
NgoDisemba 2006, i-Advisory Health Advisory ikhishwe yi-FDA mayelana nesifo esingavamile sesikhumba esingabangwa yi-gadolinium. Kwezinye izimo, i-gadolinium ingabangela i-nephrogenic systemic fibrosis noma i-nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NSF / NFD). I-NSF / NFD ingahle ifike ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-18 emva kokuvezwa kwe-gadolinium. Kwabikwa ezigulini ezinezinkinga zezinso kanye ne-acidosis.
I-NSF yisifo esikhumba esibuhlungu esihambisana nokuqina kwesikhumba. Ihlotshaniswa nobuhlungu obuhlanganyelwe kanye nenani elincishisiwe lokuhamba ngezinyanga zokuqala ezinyangeni emva kokuba inqubo yenziwe.
Lezi zithinta ngokuvamile azivamile futhi ama-MRIs asebenzisa ama-gadolinium agents asetshenziselwa njalo futhi anconywa ukuba anqume ukukhona nokukhula komdlavuza.
I-Gadolinium ne-Breast MRIs
I-Breast MRIs isebenzisa isilinganiso esincane kakhulu se-gadolinium, ngakho odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yokudlula ngokweqile noma imiphumela emibi. Ukuskena kwe-MRI ecacile, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-gadolinium, kunenzuzo enkulu kumfazi osengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele. Ingakwazi ukunquma umdlavuza ezinkathini zokuqala, ukuvumela ukungenela kwangena kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Kube khona imibiko engaba ngu-200 ye-NSF / NFD ebikwe emhlabeni jikelele, kwiziguli ezaba nokuhlolwa kwe- Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) .
I-MRA isebenzisa kathathu ngaphezu kwe-gadolinium kune-MRI yebele.
Ngaphansi
Okunye ngaphandle kwezehlakalo ezingavamile ze-NSF / NFD, akuqiniseki ukuthi i-gadolinium eyingozi ingaba kanjani. Siyazi ukuthi yakha ebuchosheni, isikhumba namathambo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi labo abanezinqubo eziningana (ezinkulu kunane) usebenzisa i-agent basengozini enkulu. Noma kunjalo, asazi ukuthi lokhu kubaluleke ngani emtholampilo ngalesi sikhathi, kanti i-FDA iyaqhubeka iqapha futhi igcina lokhu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unenkinga mayelana nezinqubo zokuxilonga kanye nokwelapha. Angakusiza uqonde izingozi nezinzuzo zokhetho ngalunye. Yiba ngummeli wakho. Buza udokotela wakho uma kukhona ukuhlolwa okuhlukile ongayenza okungeke unikeze ulwazi olufanayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe noma iyiphi inqubo yokwelashwa kuletha ingozi yokubhekana nezinkinga, kanti izifundo ze-MRI, njengoba zingabandakanyi imisebe ye-ionizing, ingaba yindawo ephephile kunezinye izindlela.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. U-FDA Ukuphepha Kokuphepha Kwezidakamizwa: I-FDA Ukuhlola Ingozi Yezinhlamvu Zokubumba Ngokusetshenziswa Okuphindaphindiwe Kokuqhathaniswa Okusekelwe Ku-Gadolinium. 07/27/15. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm455386.htm
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. I-FDA Ukuphepha Kokuphepha Kwezidakamizwa: I-FDA Iyabona Ayikho Imiphumela Eyingozi Yokubhekana Nokwakhiwa Kwama-Brain Ama-Agent Contrast-Based Based Agents ama-MRIs; Buyekeza ukuze uqhubeke. 05/22/17. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm559007.htm