Amacala abantu abanobudlova abunqamuke kakhulu e-United States, anezimo ezingu-23 kuphela ezibikwe kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2017. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela yokwelashwa yama-rabies, ukutheleleka kwegciwane elibulalayo okubangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nomgogodla. Njengoba i-World Health Organization (WHO) iphawula, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo ngokushesha ngemva kokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa kungavimbela ukuqala kwezimpawu, futhi ekugcineni kulondoloze impilo yakho.
Uma ulunywa yisilwane, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Udokotela uzohlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwezilonda futhi anikeze imithi uma kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka.
Ukunakekelwa Okulimazayo
Isinyathelo esisheshayo siyadingeka uma kuziwa ekwelapheni ama-rabies. Ngaphezu kokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngemuva kokulunywa kwesilwane (ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-bat, fox, noma skunk), isilonda kufanele ihlanzwe ngokushesha futhi ngokugcwele.
Ukuze uthole usizo lokuqala lokuqala lwe-post, i-WHO itusa ukuhlanza nokuhlanza isilonda okungenani imizuzu engu-15. Lokhu kuhlanza kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwesepha namanzi, isobho, kanye / noma isisombululo se-povidone-iodine.
Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC), ucwaningo olusekelwe ezilwaneni lubonise ukuthi ukuhlanzwa kwezilonda kuphela kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthuthukisa ama-rabies. Uma izimpawu zifakiwe, noma kunjalo, ukufa ngokuhluleka ukuphefumula kubonakala kungakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa-ngisho noma ukwelashwa kunikelwa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutheleleka ngamapulangwe manje kungumthombo ovame kakhulu wokufa kwabantu okuhlobene ne-rabies e-United States. I-virus ye-rabies ingase isakazwe yizilwane ezifana nezimpungushe, ama-skull, nama-raccoons. Emhlabeni wonke, amaphesenti angu-99 abantu abahlukunyezwa yi-rabies avela ekudlulisweni kwegciwane yizinja ezifuywayo.
Khumbula ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubungozi bezinhlekelele, ukulunywa kwesilwane kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu uma isilonda sinzima. Isibonelo, ukulunywa kungabangela ukutheleleka kwendawo kanye / noma kwesistimu, kanye nokuchotshozwa kwezinzwa noma izintambo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile njalo ukufuna ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlushwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezilwane ezilunywayo.
I-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
I-Post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP) yindlela kuphela yokwelashwa eyaziwa ukuvimbela ukufa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa. Le ukwelashwa kufaka ukuhlanza okukhulu nokuphathwa kwendawo kwilonda elilandelwe inkambo yomuthi wokugoma wamaqanda onamandla futhi osebenza kahle.
Uma kunikezwa ngesikhathi, i-PEP ingavimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukungena ohlelweni oluyisisekelo senzwa, futhi livimbele ukuqala kwezibonakaliso ze-rabies. Kuze kube manje, akekho e-United States oye wahlakulela ama-rabies lapho enikezwa umgomo ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, ngokusho kweNational Institutes of Health.
Ngaphandle kwe-PEP, udokotela wakho angase anike ama-antibiotics. Ungadinga isibhamu se-tetanus kuye ngokuthi usuku luni lokudutshulwa kwe-tetanus.
I-Rabies Vaccine
Njengawo wonke amagciwane, imishanguzo ye-rabies iqukethe uhlobo oluthakathaka lwegciwane elingakwazi ukudala izifo noma ukukhiqiza. Ngokuphendula umgomo, umzimba wakho uveza ama-antibodies ahlose futhi abulale igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Ngenxa yokuthi yonke imishanguzo ye-rabies yabantu ayisebenzi, akunakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-rabies ekutholeni umuthi wokugoma. Umgomo ngamunye uhamba uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zokulawula izinga eliphezulu, okufaka ukuvivinya kwamanzi, ubuthi, ukuphepha, kanye nobuningi.
Ukuzikhohlisa
Ngokuvamile kunikezwe isimiso sokubekwa kwamanani amahlanu ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-28 (kusukela ngosuku lokuchayeka), umuthi wokugoma wama-rabies ulawulwa umjovo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuthiwa i-rabies immunoglobulin (i-HRIG) ngaphandle kokuba begonywe ngaphambilini noma bathola imishanguzo ye-rabies yangaphambili. Futhi ilawulwa umjovo, i-HRIG inikezwa usuku okwenziwa ngalo isilwane.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Nakuba ukusabela okubi kumuthi wokugoma we-rabies no-HRIG akuvamile, kungase kubangele ukusabela okuncane kumasayithi okujola. Lokhu kufaka:
- ubuhlungu
- ubomvu
- ukuvuvukala
- itching
Ezimweni ezingavamile, iziguli zingase zibone izimpawu ezinjengamakhanda, isisindo sokuhlukunyezwa, ubuhlungu besisu, imisipha yomzimba, kanye nesimo sosizi.
Ngaphambi kokuthola umuthi wokugoma wama-rabies, vumela udokotela wakho uma uke wabhekana nesifo esibi kakhulu emndenini wokugoma i-rabies. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma unesifo esibi kakhulu, noma uma unesimiso sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesimo esingapheli noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile (njenge-steroids).
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Amakhosikazi: Ngizokwenzenjani?" NgoJanuwari 29, 2018.
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Komzimba Nezifo Ezibangelwa Izifo. "Imishanguzo." NgoJulayi 2016.
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "Imithi YamaRabi." Ngo-Ephreli 2018.
> Salve H, Kumar S, Sa R, Rai SK, Kant S, Pandav CS. "Ukutholakala kokuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwe-postradermal post exposure prophylaxis ngokumelene ne-rabies ezingeni lokunakekelwa okuyinhloko - ubufakazi obuvela emakhaya aseHaryana." BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Jun 25; 14: 278.
> I-World Health Organization. Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kumaRabi . "Kugcine ukufinyelelwa ngo-Ephreli 2018.