Uma ukholelwa noma cha, ukugwinya kungenye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu umzimba wakho owenzayo, njengoba kudinga ukusebenzisana okubucayi phakathi kobuchopho bakho, nezinye izinzwa nemisipha ethile.
I-Cranial Nerve ne-Muscle ezibandakanyekile ekuthungeni
Ukuhlunga kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelanayo , zonke ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwemisipha emlonyeni, pharynx (umphimbo wakho), i-larynx (ibhokisi lakho lezwi), kanye ne-oophagus (ithubhu elingenalutho eliphethe ukudla emqaleni wakho kuya esiswini sakho).
Lezi zinhlanzi zonke zilawulwa yiqembu lezinzwa ezibizwa nge-cranial neerves.
Izinzwa zomzimba ezinamazinyo angu-12 avela ebuchosheni be - brainstem , esezansi ebuchosheni bakho. Izinzwa zakho zokulawula zilawula imisebenzi efana nokunuka, ukunambitha, ukugwinya, ukubona, ukuhambisa ubuso bakho namehlo, nokuhlukumeza amahlombe akho. Kunezinzwa eziningana zezinzwa zomzimba ezihilelekile ekulawuleni ukusebenzisana nokunyakaza okuhilelekile ekuhloleni nasekugwinya.
Lezi zinzwa ezilandelayo ezibandakanya ukugwinya:
- I-trigeminal (i-cranial nererve V)
- Ubuso obubonakalayo (i-nerve cranial VII)
- I-glossopharyngeal (i- cranial nererve IX)
- I-vagus (i-craneal nererve X)
- I-hypoglossal nerve (i-cranial nerve XII)
Kanti, izinzwa zomzimba zilawulwa yi "izikhungo zokucubungula" ebuchosheni lapho ulwazi oluhlobene nokugwinya lucutshungulwa. Lezi zikhungo zihlanganisa izindawo ezisemkhatsini we- cerebral cortex , i-medulla oblongata, ne-nuclei ye-cranial nuclei.
Izikhungo ezithungayo ebusweni
Ukuqala kokuzithandela kokugwinya kwenzeka ezindaweni ezikhethekile ze-cortex ye-cerebral ebuchosheni, ebizwa ngokuthi i-gyrus yangaphambili (ebizwa nangokuthi iyindawo eyinhloko yemoto), i-gyrus engaphansi-ephansi kanye ne-gyrus yangaphambili. Ukwaziswa okuvela kulezi zindawo kuguqulwa esikhungweni sokugwinya ku-medulla, engxenyeni ye-brainstem.
Ngaphandle kobuchopho, izibonakaliso zemisipha ezivela emlonyeni zithola okokufaka mayelana nokudla esikuhlafunayo. Izinzwa eziningana zomlomo emlonyeni, pharynx, ne-larynx ziletha ulwazi ebuchosheni obuvumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezisemlonyeni nasemqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, "batshela" ubuchopho ngobukhulu, izinga lokushisa, nokuthungwa kokudla.
Lolu lwazi luthunyelwa ku-cortex yochungechunge lobuchopho, futhi ekugcineni i-medulla, esebenzisa ulwazi oluqondayo lokuqondisa imizamo yemisipha yokuhlafuna.
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka zokufaka izinkinga
Isenzo sokuhlafuna sishintsha ukudla ku- bolus elula futhi esheshayo yokudla okufanelekile futhi ephephile ukugwinya. Njengoba i-reflex yokugwinya iqhubekela phambili ngezigaba zayo ezihlukene, izinzwa ezihilelekile ekugwineni ziqala ukuvala ukucabangela kwe-larynx ne-epiglottis. Lokhu kuvaliwe kwe-'pippipe 'kuvimbela ukudla nezinhlayiya zamanzi ukungena emaphashini.
Uma i-windpipe ingasondeli kahle, noma uma ukugwinya kungasebenzi kahle, izinkinga ezifana nokuchofoza kungenzeka. Enye inkinga yokugwinya izinkinga, i- aspiration pneumonia , kungenzeka uma ukudla kungena emaphashini. Lokhu kungenzeka njengomphumela wesifo noma esinye isifo sezinzwa.
Okokugcina, ukungondleki nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungase kube khona ngenxa yokugwinya ubunzima.
Indlela ukugcoba kuthinteka ngayo isisu
Njengoba ubona, kunezindawo eziningi zesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi, okuthi, uma kuthinteka ngesifo noma ngesinye isimo sezinzwa ezinjenge-multiple sclerosis, isifo sika-Parkinson, noma ukuwohloka komqondo, kungaphazamisa ikhono lokugwinya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-medulla yindawo encane ye-brainstem equkethe izakhiwo eziningi ezibalulekile ekwenzeni izigameko zokugwinya ezibandakanya i-medulla cishe zibangelwa ukugwinya izinkinga.
Eqinisweni, abantu abanemivimbo ye-medullary bangadinga ukubekwa kwesikhashana kwesikhumba sokudla ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhipha kanye nesifiso se-pneumonia.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi uhlala nezinkinga zokugwinya ngokuqinisekile kufaka inkinga empilweni yakho, yazi ukuthi kunezindlela eziklanyelwe kahle ezingakusiza wena noma othandekayo wakho ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphepha nalezi zinkinga. Isibonelo, inkulumo nokugwinya kwengculazi ingakusiza wenze izinguquko ezinhlotsheni zokudla neziphuzo ozisebenzisayo ukuze kube lula kuwe ukugwinya ngokuphepha.
Ukwengeza, ukugwinya izivivinyo ezifana nokugwinya okuphezulu noma ukuphatha kukaMendelsohn kungasiza ukuqinisa imisipha yakho ehilelekile ekugwineni. Lezi zindlela zokunyakaza zomlomo nezinye izindlela ezifana nokusebenzisa indebe, utshani noma i-spoon kungasiza futhi.
> Imithombo:
> Alali D, Ballard K, Bogaardt H. Ukwelashwa imiphumela ye-dysphagia kubantu abadala abane-multiple sclerosis: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Dysphagia . 2016 Okthoba; 31 (5): 610-8.
> Lembo AJ. (2017). I-drophagia ye-Oropharyngeal. I-Talley NJ, ed. Kusesikhathini. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.