Amagundane ama-cranial nemisebenzi yabo

Ukudluliselwa Okubalulekile Kubuchopho

Izinzwa ze-cranial ziyisiqoqo esibalulekile sezinzwa, zonke ezihamba ngokuqondile ebuchosheni kunokuba ziqhubekele emthonjeni womgogodla, njengezinye izinzwa eziningi. Izinzwa zomzimba zinezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, ngakho-ke zibaluleke kakhulu odokotela, kanye neziguli ezithintekayo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komsebenzi wezinzwa.

Ngaphandle kokuba uchwepheshe wezokwelapha, akudingeki ukuthi wazi yonke imininingwane mayelana nesifo ngasinye.

Noma kunjalo, ulwazi olungezansi lungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono umthombo wezinkinga ezithile oye waba nayo, futhi ikuqondise ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa.

I-Olfactory Nerve

I-nerf olfactory inesibopho sokudlulisa konke esikuzwayo ebuchosheni. Ukuphazamiseka kule nerve kungabangela i-osmia, ukungakwazi ukuthola izikhala . Lokhu kuphazamisa kakhulu umqondo wethu wokunambitha.

I-Optic Nerve

I-nertic optic ihambisa izimpawu kagesi kusukela iso kuya ebuchosheni, okuguqula lezi zimpawu zibe umfanekiso walokho esikubonayo emhlabeni osizungezile. Ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi se-optic, njenge- optic neuritis, kungabangela ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo ngisho nokuphuphuthekisa.

I-Oculomotor Nerve

I-oculomotor nererve inezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, i-oculomotor nererve idlulisa izimpawu ezivumela amehlo ukuba athuthele kuzo zonke iziqondiso ezingalawulwa ezinye izinzwa ze-cranial. Okwesibili, i-oculomotor nererve iphethe amafayili e-parasympathetic ku- iris , okwenza iris iphoqeleke uma ukhanyisa.

I-lesion ku-nculomotor nerve ingabangela umbono wesibindi kuphela (i-diplopia), kodwa ingabangela "umfundi ovuthayo" -afundi ongeke abe namandla. Ngenxa yendawo yayo, i-oculomotor nerve ingakwazi ukulimala ngokucindezelwa okuphezulu okukhipha ingcindezi , futhi umfundi okhuni angase abe uphawu lwezinkinga ezinkulu ze-neurological.

I-Trochlear Nerve

I-trochlear nerve ilawula imisipha ehambisa eyeball phansi naphuma. I-lesion yale nerve ingabangela i- diplopia, engayithuthukiswa ngokuguqula ikhanda kude nehlosi elithintekayo.

I-Trigeminal Nerve

I-nerve trigeminal ngokuyinhloko isisindo senzwa, okusho ukuthi idlulisela ukuzwa kusukela ebusweni kuya ebuchosheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nerve trigeminal ilawula imisipha ethile ebusweni ebalulekile yokufuna. Enye yezinkinga ezimbi kunazo zonke zenkathazo ne-trigeminal nerve yi- neuralgia ye-trigeminal , uhlobo olubi kakhulu lobuhlungu obubuso.

I-Abducens Nerve

Le nerve ilawula isisindo eshukumisa iso kude ekhaleni. I-lesion ye-abducens nerve ibangela umbono ophindwe kabili, lapho isithombe esisodwa sibhekene ngqo nomunye. Ngezinye izikhathi ukunciphisa izinzwa kungathinteka ezinhlangothini zombili lapho kunomshini wokunyuka kwengcindezi, njengokubheka i- pseudotumor cerebri .

I-Facial Nerve

I-nerve ye-facial iyinkimbinkimbi. Akugcini kuphela ukulawula imisipha eminingi ebusweni; le nerve iphinde idlulisele izimpawu zokunambitheka phambi kolimi, idlulise amafayili e-parasympathetic eyenza amehlo aqhekeze umlomo nomlomo, futhi unesibopho sokuzwa kancane kancane endlebeni. Kubuye kusize ukuhlehlisa ukuzwa ngokulawula isisu se-stapedius.

Yingakho ukuvuvukala kwesifo sobuso, njengokukhubazeka kukaBell , kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi kunobuthakathaka obusweni nje, nakuba ubuthakathaka obunjalo ngokuvamile bubonakaliso obusobala kakhulu.

I-Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Le nerve inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-cochlear ingxenye idlulisela ukwaziswa kwe-acoustic ebuchosheni ukuze sikwazi ukuzwa, futhi isabelo se-vestibular sithumela izimpawu ngokuphathelene nokulinganisela nokuhamba. Izinkinga nge-vestibulocochlear nerve, ke, zingabangela ukulahleka kokuzwa noma i- vertigo , futhi ngokuvamile kubangele kokubili.

I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve

I-glossopharyngeal nererve inezinqwaba zemisebenzi engavamile. Le nerve ibangela ukunambitheka kusukela ngemuva kolimi, ukuzwa okuvela engxenyeni encane yendlebe kanye nezingxenye zolimi nomphimbo, ukungasindiswa kwesisindo esisodwa esibalulekile sokugwinya (i-stylopharyngeus), kanye ne-salivation nge-gland parotid.

Ithola futhi ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokucindezelwa kwegazi kusuka kwamakhemikhali kanye nama-baroreceptors emzimbeni we-carotid. Ukuthukuthela kwesibindi se-glossopharyngeal kungaholela ku-glossopharyngeal neuralgia, isimo esibuhlungu kakhulu ukugwinya.

I-Vagus Nerve

Le nerve ilawula i-pharynx (yokugwinya) ne-larynx (ngokukhuluma), kanye nokuzwa kusuka ku-pharynx, ingxenye yama-mening nenxenye encane yendlebe. Njengezinzwa ze-glossopharyngeal, i-vagus nerve ithola ukunambitheka (kusukela emphinjeni) futhi ibuye ibone izimpawu ezikhethekile ezivela ku-chemo ne-baroreceptors eduze nenhliziyo (ku-arch aortic). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vagus nerve idlulisela izintambo ze-parasympathetic enhliziyweni, izibonakaliso zazo ezinganciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yobuhlobo bayo enhliziyweni, ukuphazamiseka kwe- vagus nerve kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuthazwa kwe-vagus nerve kuboniswe ukuthi kungase kube usizo ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezifo, kuhlanganise nesifo sokuphuza.

I-Spinal Accessory Nerve

I-nerve accessoryory nererve ayinzima kakhulu kunezimbangi zayo zangaphambili. Inomsebenzi owodwa oyinhloko kuphela: ukubangela ukukhishwa kwemisipha ye- sternocleidomastoid kanye ne- trapezius ukuze kusize ukuhambisa ikhanda noma ihlombe. Ukuphazamiseka kwalesi sifo kunciphisa ikhono lokusebenzisa le misipha.

I-Hypoglossal Nerve

Inzwa ye-hypoglossal ilawula konke ukunyakaza kolimi. Ukukhuluma okunzima (i-dysarthria) kungumphumela owodwa we-nerve ye-hypoglossal eyonakele.

_Imithombo

• _{I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa Izimo Zemitholampilo. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002}
• _{I-Ropper AH, ama-Samuels MA. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009. iPhalamende likaMcCabe, u-O'Connor EJ.}