I-syphilis ibangelwa yi-bacterium Treponema pallidum. Lesi sifo sitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthola amaprotheni, okuthiwa ama-antibodies , akhiqizwa ngumzimba ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka. Uma usulelekile, ama-antibodies we- T. pallidum azohlala egazini lakho iminyaka. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziywa kwelebhu kunganikeza izinkomba ngokuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kusha noma okukwenzeka esikhathini esidlule.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okwenziwe emtholampilo, ihhovisi lakho lodokotela, noma ikhemisi, kunezinkampani eziningi zokuzihlola ezikuvumela ukuba uvivinye ekududuzeni kwekhaya lakho.
Ukuhlola Ukuhlola / Ukuhlolwa Kwekhaya
Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekuhlolweni kwe-STD ukukhathazeka noma ukuhlazeka okunye okuhlangenwe nakho lapho kunesidingo sokubuza udokotela ukuhlolwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu bavame ukugwema ukuhlolwa iminyaka namashumi eminyaka kuze kube yilapho ukutheleleka kuphenduka ngokungazelelwe.
Yazi ukuthi awukwazi ukuzihlola nge-syphilis esekelwe ezimpawu zakho, ngisho noma ubona isifo esibi. Kodwa ungasebenzisa isitifiketi se-STD esisekhaya, esinezinombolo zeziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi ezigunyazile; ukhetho lusiza abantu abaningi ukuba banqobe izithiyo zokuhlola.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezitholakalayo (kanye nezinzuzo zabo kanye nezindleko zabo):
- Ama-kits e-Rapid syphilis test test zibukeka njengokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa futhi zidinga amaconsi amabili egazi ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, okuyinto engenziwa kaningi kumaminithi angu-15. Ngesikhathi esifanelekile, zijwayele ukungalungi kanye nephutha lomsebenzisi.
- Ma -ku-kits yokuhlola uthathe lokhu kuya ezingeni elilandelayo. Ubhalisa ku-intanethi, unikeza imininingwane yezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Isivivinyo segazi se-needle-prick sithunyelwa kuwe, ukuthi uthatha bese uthumela ebhodini elikhethiwe lokuhlaziya. Imiphumela, oyitholayo kuyi-intanethi ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-5 zebhizinisi, zivame ukuba nenembile kakhulu kunezo zokuhlola ozenzayo ngokwakho.
Ngenkathi ama-kits atholakele kalula ku-inthanethi, kudingeka ukhethe ngokucophelela. Kunomthetho omncane wezokuphatha we-intanethi, ekhaya-kliniki yokuhlola i-STD. Njengalokhu, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lowo okhethayo uhlangabezana namazinga we-Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendment (CLIA) nokuthi izivivinyo zithunyelwe futhi zivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Ukuze uhlole, xhumana nehhovisi le- CLIA yesifunda . Ungadukiswa ngemigomo efana "nobuchwepheshe obuvunyelwe yi-FDA."
Ama-Labs nezivivinyo
Ngoba uT . i-pallidum isibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ikhule, lesi sifo sidinga ukuthi sitholwe ngezindlela ezimbili: ukutholakala okungaqondile kokutheleleka noma ukutholakala ngokuqondile kwenyama.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile
Indlela engaqondile, usebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwegazi okwelashwa, yindlela ekhethiwe yokuhlola. Ihlanganisa amakilasi amabili ehlukene evivinyo okwenziwa emva kokulandelayo:
- Izivivinyo ezingezona ezeTemponemal: Ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okungezona kwe-treponemal okubizwa ngokuthi i- venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) nokuhlolwa kwe-plasma ngokushesha (RPR). Bobabili bathola ama-antibodies ku-cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen, okuyizinto ezikhiqizwa ekuphenduleni umonakalo obangelwa amagciwane e-syphilis. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinselo zomzimba nazo zikhiqizwa ngokwezifo ezinye, njenge-lupus ne-Lyme isifo. Ngenkathi izivivinyo zibucayi, zingabizi futhi zisebenziseka kalula, okungezona okucacile kuzokwenza zilungele imiphumela emibi. Ngenxa yalokho, imiphumela kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokuqondile, noma ngabe yizindleko, ukuhlolwa kwe-treponemal.
- Izivivinyo ze-Treponemal: Uma izivivinyo ezingekho ze-treponemal zilungile, imiphumela iyobe isiqinisekiswa ngenye yezivivinyo eziningana ze-treponemal. Izivivinyo ze-Treponemal zithola amasosha omzimba we- T. pallidum akhiqizwa ekuphenduleni amabhaktheriya ngokwawo. Ngenkathi ecacile, abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesifo esidlule noma samanje. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izivivinyo kumele zisetshenziswe ndawonye ukuze zihlolwe. Izinketho zokuhlolwa kwe-Treponemal zihlanganisa ukungena kwe-treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS), i- T. pallidum i- asslutination test (TP-PA), i-enzyme immunoassays (i-EIA), ne-chemiluminescence immunoassays (i-CIA).
Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ibikwa njengeyasebenza noma engasebenzi.
Ukusebenza kabusha ekuhlolweni kwe-treponemal kusho ukutheleleka kodwa akukwazi ukudalula lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka. Ukuze unqume lokhu, lebhu izoqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi-kuhlanganise nezinga (titer) lama-antibodies atholakale egazini-ukusungula isigaba sokutheleleka kanye nokuqeqeshwa okufanele.
Ukubukwa okubukeziwe
Lokhu kulandelana kokuhlolwa kwegazi-okungewona u-treponemal wokuqala, i-treponemal yesibili-kubhekwa njengendlela yokuqala yokuthola ukuxilongwa. Kwezinye izimo, inqubo ingase iqhutshwe ukuze ukuhlolwa kwe-treponemal kwenziwe kuqala futhi ukuhlolwa okungewona we-treponemal kwenziwa okwesibili.
Eyaziwa ukuhlolwa kokulandelana okulandelanayo, lokhu kunezinzuzo zombili nezimo eziyingozi. Ngaphambili, cishe kunomtholampilo omkhulu wokuthola izifo zokugula. Ohlangothini olungalungile, ukuhlolwa okuphambene nakho kungabiza futhi kungabangela umphumela osebenzayo ngisho noma lowo muntu uphethwe ngaphambilini. Imiphumela emibi yokusebenza engalungile iyinkinga ngokuthi ingaholela ekuphindaphindiwe okungadingekile kokwelashwa.
Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kunendawo yayo, ukulandelana okujwayelekile kokuhlolwa kusekunconywa ezimweni eziningi.
Microscopy Emnyama-Insimu
I-microscopy yensimbi emnyama yindlela eqondile yokuhlola okuncane okungasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla njengoba kudinga ochwepheshe abanekhono kakhulu. Kuyenziwa ngokuthatha isampula yomzimba wamanzi (mhlawumbe ovela ku- chancre sore noma kumathinini omgogodla ) futhi uyibheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope ubufakazi obubonakalayo bama-bacteria. Isivivinyo singabuye senziwe kuma-sampuli amathisipuni noma ama-nasal mucus.
I-microscopy yensimu emnyama ingasiza esikhathini esilandelayo isifo lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingenakulinganiswa noma ezinsana ezisuke zivame ukuzihlolisisa.
Izinsana
I-syphilis ekhulile ivela lapho ukutheleleka kudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinsana ezinama-syphilis ngokuvamile ngeke zibe nezibonakaliso zesifo futhi zingase zithuthukise kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Ukutholakala kwezifo ezisanda kuzalwa kungaba nzima ngoba amantombazane omama asakaza egazini lezingane ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-18 zokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngalesi sikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola izifo ezithintekayo ezivela kumama noma ezingabantwana (okusho ukuthi umntwana usulelekile).
Uma kuthiwa, uma ama-antibodies omntwana ephakeme kakhulu kunomama, ingane cishe ingenwa igciwane. I-microscopy yensimu emnyama inganikeza ubufakazi obuqondile bokutheleleka.
Ukuhlonza okuhlukile
Ngenxa yokuthi i-syphilis ixuba ezinye izifo eziningi futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukuchazwa kabanzi kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, kuzomele kwenziwe umzamo owengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kulungile. Lokhu kudinga ukuxilongwa okubanzi okuhlukene , ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-syphilis ephakeme uma izimpawu zingaba zihlukahlukene futhi zinzima kakhulu.
Abahlengikazi ngeke bahlolwe nje nge-syphilis, kodwa i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-trichomoniasis, i-bacterial vaginosis, ne-HIV besebenzisa i-panel enkulu yezivivinyo ze- STD . Okunye ukuhlolwa kwelabhu nokucabanga kungabuyekwa ukuba kungabikho ezinye izimbangela ezikhona. Phakathi kokuphenyo okuningi okungenzeka:
- I-syphilis eyinhloko: i- candidiasis, i-cystitis, i-herpes simplex virus, i-granuloma inguinale, i-urethritis, nezinye izifo ze-STD
- I-syphilis yesibili: i- HIV, isifo se-Kawasaki, i-mononucleosis, i-pityriasis rosea, umkhuhlane we-Rocky Mountain, umkhuhlane omnyama
- I-syphilis ephakeme: ubuchopho obuchosheni, i-carcinoma, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwangaphakathi, i-meningococcemia, ukugula kwengqondo, ukuphefumula okuningi, isifo sohlangothi
Izincomo zokuhlola
Akufanele neze usebenzise ukungabi khona kwezimpawu njengesizathu sokungahlolwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-syphilis zivame ukukhiqizwa futhi ezingekho ngqo, zingabhekwa kalula noma ziphuthelwe ezinye izifo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhuthaza ukuhlolwa kwe-syphilis kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nanoma yimuphi umuntu ocatshangelwa ukuthi uyingozi enkulu yokutheleleka.
Lokhu kubandakanya amadoda alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) , abantu abanamaqembu amaningi ocansi, abajova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa kanye nabantu ababandakanyeka ngokobulili obungavimbelwe.
Imithombo:
> Braccio, S .; I-Sharland, i-M .; noLadhani, S. "Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kokudluliselwa komama kosana ." I- Curr Opin I-Disfect Infect. 2016; 29 (3): 268-74. I-DOI: 10.1097 / QCO.0000000000000270.
> Lee, K .; I-Nyo-Metzger, Q .; U-Wolff, u-T. et al. "Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Izincomo ezivela e-US Preventive Services Task Force." Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. kanye noBolan, G. "Izifo Zokudluliswa Ngesifo socansi," ngo-2015. I-MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.