Ziyini izinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-Antibody?
Ama-antibodies ahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningana. Okubili ezibaluleke kunazo zonke ama- antigens ababophezela kuwo kanye nesisotype sabo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-antibodies emzimbeni womuntu. Ama-isotypes e-antibody, noma ama-antibody, achaza indima ye-antibody emzimbeni. Zonke amakilasi abizwa ngokuthi usebenzisa ig Ig Ig, lapho Ig imelela i-immunoglobulin futhi * yilokho okushiwo isotype ethize.
Kukhona ama-isotypes ama-antibody ahlukene amahlanu abonakala kubantu:
- I-IgG yi-antibody isotype abantu abaningi abacabanga ngayo lapho bekhuluma ngama-antibodies. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-IgG ezihamba ngomzimba futhi ziphendule ukutheleleka. I-IgG yenziwe kuphela nge-subunit eyodwa yama-Ig. Yiluhlobo olulodwa lwe-antibody oluwela i-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- I-IgA yi-antibody isotype etholakala ezindaweni ze-mucosal, njengomlomo kanye nesiswini. Ingatholakala futhi emanzini, izinyembezi kanye nobisi lwebele. I-IgA yakhiwa izingxenye ezincane ze-Ig eziboshwe ndawonye.
- I-IgM ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ze-antibody okufanele zikhiqizwe ngemuva kokuthi i- pathogen ingene emzimbeni. Njengoba lakhiwa ama-subunits amahlanu e-Ig ahlangene ndawonye, anesithakazelo esikhulu kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, liqinile kakhulu ekuhlosweni kwalo. I-IgM ibaluleke kakhulu ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokutheleleka.
- I-IgE yi-antibody eyabangela impendulo ye-allergenic. Lapho i-IgE ibopha i-allergen, iqala ukusabela kwe-histamine okuholela ekuboniseni izimpawu zokungezwani. Leli bodwa elilodwa eliphikisana nomuntu omzimba lisiza ekuvikeleni umzimba ezimpungeni ezinamandla.
- I-IgD ibalulekile ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuphendula ngomzimba. I-Bound B, ayihambisani.
Izivivinyo eziningi ze- STD , nokuhlolwa kwezinye izifo, funa impendulo ye-antibody kulesi sifo kunokuba i-pathogen ngokwayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nama-bacteria ayenzima ukukhula emasikweni .
Nokho, lokhu sekushintshe njengoba ubuchwepheshe buye buphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, manje kukhona ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid, njenge- LCR ne-PCR, ehlola ngokuqondile i-DNA ye-pathogen. Uma ukuhlolwa okunjalo kutholakala kabanzi, kuyindlela ewusizo ekuhlolweni kwe-antibody.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: Ama- isotypes ama-Antibody ayaziwa nangokuthi amakilasi. Amagama amabili angasetshenziswa ngokungafani. Phakathi nenkathi yesifo, ama-antibodies ngokulwa ne-antigen eyodwa (okuhlosiwe) azokhiqizwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zama-isotypes ahlukahlukene. Uhlobo lwe-antibody olukhiqizwa luxhomeke lapho ludinga khona emzimbeni
Izibonelo: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe- herpes zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo ezintsha ze-herpes nezifo ezivele zingabonakali. Lokhu kunqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwe-isotypes ehlukene yama-antibodies umzimba ongaveza ngokumelene ne-herpes virus. Izivivinyo ezibonakalayo ze- IgM ngokuvamile zisho ukuthi ukutheleleka kungokwamanje. Izivivinyo ze-IgG zikhuluma nokutheleleka kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize i-IgG kunokuba uyenze ukukhiqiza i-IgM.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze - STD ezivivinywa azihlolisi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinqamuzana zama-antibodies umzimba wakho owenzayo. Ngokuyinhloko, thayipha ukuhlolwa kwe-herpes ethize akuhlukanisi phakathi kwe-IgG ne-IgM.
Esikhundleni salokho, ukuhlola uhlobo oluthize lwe-herpes lubukeka ukuthi i-anti-herpes ihlasela yini umzimba wakho okwenza ukuthi isabele ku- HSV-1 noma i- HSV-2 .Bayifuna izinhlobo ezahlukene ezibhekiswe kuzo kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antibody. Ukuhlola okwenziwe yi-antibody-type okuyi-STD kukhona, kodwa kuvame ukubizwa ngokuqondile njenge-IgG noma i-IgM yokuhlola.
> Imithombo:
> Liermann K, Schäfler A, Henke A, Sauerbrei A. Ukuhlolwa kwe-herpes simplex virus ye-commercial ye-IgG ne-IgM enzyme immunoassays. J Izindlela Zokuphuza. 2014 Ngo-Apr; 199: 29-34. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2014.01.001.
> Van Der Pol B, u-Warren T, u-Taylor SN, uMartens M, uJerome KR, uMena L, uLebed J, uGinde S, Fine P, uHook EW 3rd. Ukuhlonza uhlobo oluthize lwe-anogenital herpes simplex igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid yokukhulisa i-nucleic acid. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Nov; 50 (11): 3466-71. i-doi: 10.1128 / JCM.01685-12.