I-Syphilis ingenye yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), ezibizwa nangokuthi isifo socansi (STDs). Ibangelwa yi-bacterium Treponema pallidum futhi ingavame ukubonakala ngokubonakala kwe-sore evulekile ye-ulcerative, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-chancre, kumzimba wobulili, umlomo, i-anus noma i-rectum. Ama-antibiotics angaphatha i-syphilis, kodwa inkambo ixhomeke ukuthi yisiphi isigaba ukutheleleka kusekuqaleni (okuyisisekelo, sekwesithathu, kwesinye isikhathi, nangaphezulu).
Isigaba ngasinye sinezibonakaliso nezibonakaliso zayo-kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona.
Ngenkathi izinga lokutheleleka kwe-syphilis liye lahla ngokuphawulekayo nokusetshenziswa kwe-penicillin ye-intramusine ema-1940, eziningi zalezi zindleko ziye zachithwa eminyakeni yamuva. Namuhla, lesi sifo sithinta abantu abangaphezu kuka-27 000 baseMelika ngonyaka nabangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 emhlabeni jikelele.
Yize umcabango we-syphilis ungabangela ukucindezeleka, ukutheleleka kuvame ukuphathwa kalula uma kuhlonishwa futhi kutholakala, futhi kugwenywe kalula ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu nokunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-syphilis zibonakala ngesigaba sokutheleleka. Ngenkathi ezinye izimpawu zingenakwenzeka, ezinye zihlukile kakhulu futhi zingahle ziqondwe kabi.
- I- syphilis eyinhloko izovame ukubonakala nge- chancre , ngokuvamile kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-21 zokuchayeka. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-chancres ngokuvamile awabuhlungu futhi angaphakathi, angabhekwa kalula yizo zombili iziguli nodokotela. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-chancre izopholisa noma kuphi kusuka emavikini amathathu kuya kwamathathu.
- I-syphilis yesibili kwenzeka emavikini amane kuya kwangu-10 okutheleleka okuyisisekelo. Esinye sezibonakaliso zesimpawu ukuqhuma okwejwayelekile phezu kwesiqu, izingalo, futhi (ngokumangalisa kakhulu) izintende zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni . Izimpawu ezinjengezikhukhula zingase zihambisane nokushona. Nokho, kukhona amacala angabonakalisa ngezindlela ezingavamile. Izimpawu zivame ukuxazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa emavikini amathathu kuya ayisithupha.
- I-syphilis yamuva ikhonjiswe ukungabi khona kwezibonakaliso, okuhlala njalo kusuka eminyakeni kuya emashumi, futhi kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Ngezinhloso zokuxilonga, isigaba siphinde sichazwe ngokuthi siqala ekuqaleni (esingaphansi konyaka kusuka ekuhlolweni kwegazi lokugcina) noma ekupheleni kwesikhathi esiphezulu (okungaphezu konyaka kusuka ekuhlolweni kwegazi lokugcina).
- I-syphilis ephakeme kakhulu yisigaba esibi kakhulu sokutheleleka. Libhekene nezifo ezinkulu zesikhumba, amathambo, inhliziyo, isibindi nezinye izitho. I-neurosyphilis , ngokusobala ukuthi i-complication eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, ithinta ubuchopho futhi, yikude , nzima kunayo yonke yokwelapha.
I-syphilis ebangelwa yisifo esibucayi lapho umama onesifo esithatha isandulela ingane yakhe engakazalwa. Ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka kwesibindi, isibindi, uhlangothi, nobuchopho, i-syphilis yokubeletha ingabangela ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nangobuso, ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko, nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Izimbangela
I-Treponema pallidum iyi-bacterium ene-spiral eyenza izifo kubantu kuphela. Uhlobo lwalo olunamahlombe aluvumela ukuba lugqekeze zibe yizinambuzane ezifakwe emanzini noma ufake ama-break breaks esikhumbeni.
I-syphilis idluliselwa cishe kuphela ngomlomo , ngokobulili , noma ngokocansi , noma kusukela kumama kuya komntwana ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Ngokuvamile, i-syphilis ingadluliswa ngokumanga uma isikhumba ephukile sithintana nesifo esivulekile.
I-Syphilis ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngezihlalo zangasese, ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile, noma izitsha ezabelwana ngazo noma izinto zokunakekela umuntu siqu.
Kunezici ezithile ezingakhuphula ingozi yomuntu yokutheleleka:
- Ubulili obungavimbelwe
- Abalingani abaningi bobulili
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
Ukuba ngumuntu ocansini namadoda (MSM), inani labantu elimelela iningi lamagciwane e-syphilis
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuhlola i-Syphilis kuyinkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ezimbili lapho kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa okungekho kwe-treponemal (okungabona ukulimala okubangelwa yi- T. pallidum ) kusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe- treponemal (okungabona ibhethri ngokwayo). Zombili izivivinyo ezisekelwe ngegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi izivivinyo ezingekho ze-treponemal zizwela kakhulu, zivame ukuqala kuqala.
Uma uvivinyo luhle, ukuhlolwa kwe-treponemal kuzosetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-syphilis ingatholakaliswa kungakapheli isonto noma kokubili kokuchayeka. Imiphumela enembile kunazo zonke ingatholakala ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, kanti izinga lamaphutha amanga likhula kancane ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-90.
Igazi, izicubu, nezifo zomzimba zingabuyekezwa ngqo ngokusebenzisa inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i -microscopy yamasimu omnyama . Nakuba kungasetshenziswa kangako namuhla (ngenxa yesidingo sezochwepheshe abanekhono), i-microscopy yensimbi emnyama inganikeza odokotela ubufakazi obucacile, obonakalayo bokutheleleka. Ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kakhulu kakhulu noma ngesifo esilandelayo lapho izifo zilukhuni ukuhlolisisa.
Ukwelapha
I-Syphilis izifo zingelashwa ngama-antibiotic. I-penicillin (nge-injection) ibhekwa njengesidakamizwa esizikhethelayo, kodwa ezinye (ezifana ne-doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, noma i-ceftriaxone) ingasetshenziswa uma umuntu ehlaselwa ku-penicillin.
Ukwelashwa kwe-syphilis kungahluka ngesigaba sokutheleleka:
- I-syphilis eyinhloko, eyesibili, kanye neyasekuqaleni ingaphathwa nge-injection eyodwa ye-penicillin.
- I-syphilis esedlule yesikhathi esidlule ingadinga izibhamu ezintathu, ngasinye sinikezwe ngezikhathi zeviki elilodwa.
- I-syphilis ephakeme izophathwa ngendlela efana ne-late syphilis esekupheleni uma ubuchopho kanye nesistimu enkulu yezinzwa engabandakanyeki.
- I-Neurosyphilis idinga inkambo enkulu yokwelashwa yosuku oluyizinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14, kungaba nge-penicillin ye-intramuscular noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-penicillin shots nemithi yomlomo.
Ngisho noma ukutheleleka kwezemfundo ephakeme kukhishwa, noma yikuphi ukulimala okwenziwe ebuchosheni noma ezinye izitho ezingenakuguqulwa. Ukungenelela okwengeziwe, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukusiza ukuphatha noma ukulungisa umonakalo.
Ukuvimbela
Amakhondomu ahlala evikelekile ekubhekaneni nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi njenge-syphilis. Ngenkathi amakhondomu engalungile (ikakhulukazi uma ungayisebenzisi kahle), yiyona ndlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuziyeka.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa inani labantu olala nabo, ikakhulukazi labo abangaziwa. Ekugcineni, abantu abaningi ozolala nabo, izimpikiswano ezinkulu kakhulu zokutheleleka.
Ukuze uzivikele wena nabanye, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukuthola isifo se-STD kudokotela wakho noma emtholampilo wendawo. I-US Preventive Services Task Force okwamanje iphakamisa ukuthi abantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka bahlolwe. Lokhu kubandakanya i-MSM, ukujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa, noma abantu abanamaqembu amaningi ocansini kanye / noma bahlanganyele ocansini ezingavimbelwe.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi abantu abathile besengozini enkulu yokuphefumula kunabanye, musa ukuzikhohlisa ekucabangeni ukuthi uphephile ngoba nje 'ungalali.' Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, inani lama-syphilis phakathi kwabesifazane likhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-35.7 phakathi kuka-2015 no-2016 yedwa futhi likhuphuke kuzo zonke izinkathi zeqembu nobuhlanga / ubuhlanga e-United States.
Uma ungangabazi ngesimo sakho, yenza ngokwakho uzwele futhi uhlolwe. Ngisho noma uhlola kahle, ngaphambili uyazi, ngokushesha ongakuthola-futhi cishe uzoba nomthelela ekutheleleni abanye.
Imithombo:
> Bowen, V .; I-Su, J .; Torrone, E. et al. "Ukwandiswa kwezigameko zesifo sokubeletha - i-United States, 2012-2014." I- MMWR. 2015; 64 (44): 1241-5. I-DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6444a3.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Ukuhlolwa Kwesifo Sokudluliswa Ngocansi Ngo-2016: I-Syphilis." Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-September 26, 2017.
> Hayden, Deborah. (2008) Po: Genius, Madness, ne Mysteries Syphilis. I-New York City, eNew York: Amabhuku ayisisekelo. I-ISBN: 978-0786724130.
> Lee, K .; I-Nyo-Metzger, Q .; U-Wolff, u-T. et al. "Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Izincomo ezivela e-US Preventive Services Task Force." Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. kanye noBolan, G. "Izifo Zokudluliswa Ngesifo socansi," ngo-2015. I-MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.