I-Syphilis isifo / isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI / STD) esibangelwa ibhethri enemibala ebizwa ngokuthi iTexponema pallidum. Ungathola igciwane ngokuhlangana no-syphilis sore phakathi kocansi. Kungabuye kudluliselwe kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abantu bavame ukuba nemicabango engafanele mayelana ne-syphilis, bakholelwa ukuthi ungayithola nje ngokuba "ukuziphatha kabi." Iqiniso elilula ukuthi ungangenwa yi-exposure eyodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi ngokuphelele ukuthi utheleleke iminyaka ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka.
Mayelana nalokhu, kunezindlela ezilula zokugwema ukutheleleka kwe-syphilis. Konke kuqala ngokufunda ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani futhi yiziphi izici ezibeka wena engozini, njengomuntu ngamunye.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Noma ubani one-syphilis noma unesivumelwano sokutheleleka kocansi noma kumama wakhe ku-utero.
Ukudluliswa kwabantu abadala
Ukutheleleka kwe-Syphilis kwenzeka lapho isikhumba noma izicubu ze-mucosal zihlangana nesifo esivulekile, esilonda esibizwa ngokuthi i- chancre . Ukubunjwa kwama-bacteria ukuvumela ukugqekeza emagunyeni omlomo womlomo, ubulili, noma i-rectum noma ukufaka amaphuzu amancane esikhumbeni.
Kubantu abadala nabantu abasha ngokocansi, isandulela ngculaza sidluliselwa cishe kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngomlomo , ngokobulili , noma ngokocansi . Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngenxa yokumanga.
Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, isifo sofuba sizohamba ngezigaba ezinhlanu zokutheleleka : okuyisisekelo, eyesibili, ekuqaleni okuvulekile, ekupheleni kwesikhathi esiphezulu, nasezingeni eliphezulu.
Ingozi kanye nemodi yokudlulisa ingahluka ngesiteji:
- Ngesikhathi sokuphika okuyisisekelo , lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokuhlangana ne-chancre.
- Ngesikhathi sesifo samasiphilisi sesibili , lesi sifo singadluliswa ngokuhlangana nokuqhuma kwesibili.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-syphilis esivamile , izimpawu eziyinhloko ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibuye futhi zikhulise ingozi yokudluliselwa.
- Ngesikhathi se- syphilis esedlule noma ephakeme , lesi sifo sibhekwa njengento engasetshenzisiwe.
I-syphilis ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngezihlalo zangasese, ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile, noma ukusetshenziswa okubelwana kwezinto noma izinto zokunakekela umuntu siqu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i- T. pallidum inegobolondo elibuthakathaka elingenalo i-lipoprotein edingekayo ukuze igcine impilo ngaphandle komzimba isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwe-object-to-human syphilis akunakwenzeka kakhulu.
Ukudluliswa kwe-Perinatal
Ukudluliswa kwe-syphilis (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- syphilis yokuzalwa ) kwenzeka lapho ama-bacphia e-syphilis engena epulazini elizungezile ingane ekhulayo. Ngenkathi lokhu kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa, amathuba okuba yinkulu kakhulu phakathi nengxenye yesibili.
Ingozi yokudlulisa ishintshaniswa nesigaba somama sokutheleleka. Abomama abane-syphilis eyinhloko neyesibili banengozi yokudlulisela phakathi kuka-60% namaphesenti angama-80, kanti omama abanesifo sangasese baqala ukuhamba nge-syphilis ephakeme kakhulu banengozi engamaphesenti angama-20.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Ngenkathi i-syphilis ingathinta noma ubani, kunezinto eziningana zobungozi ezingakwandisa amathuba okutheleleka. Ezinye zihlobene nezenzo zobulili, kanti ezinye zihlobene nezici ezingafaka bonke abantu engozini.
Phakathi kwezici ezivame kakhulu eziyingozi:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu engavumelani iyimbangela enkulu yokudlulisela kuwo wonke amaqembu. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kuphela amaphesenti angu-24 abesifazane nabesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-33 abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-44 basebenzisa ikhondomu njalo.
- Abalingani abaningi bezocansi babeka engozini nje ngokukunikeza ithuba elikhulu lokuchayeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabalingani abangaziwa abahlangana kumapulatifomu e- intanethi .
- Amadoda abe nobulili namadoda (MSM) akhawunti engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-60 wezifo ze-syphilis e-United States. Ukukhubazeka okungokwemvelo (njengokungapheli kwamathambo ama-rectal) kanye namazinga aphezulu we-HIV endaweni ye-MSM engozini engokwemvelo ngokuqhathaniswa noontanga obuhlukile.
- Ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuye kwabangela ukuqhuma kwesifo se-STD eminyakeni yamuva (kufaka phakathi ukuqhuma kwe-HIV e-Indiana ehlobene ne-oxycontin). Ngesikhathi i-syphilis ingadluliswanga ngegazi-to-blood exposure, ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaphazamisa ukwahlulela futhi kwandise ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili noma ukushintshaniswa kwezocansi ngezidakamizwa.
Izimo Zengozi Nezintandokazi
Mhlawumbe enye yezingozi ezinkulu kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-syphilis ukugwema ukuhlolwa kwe-STD. Ngenkathi bekulokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi isidingo salo sincike kwinani labalingani ababenalo, i-CDC manje incoma okungenani kanye kanye ngonyaka ukuhlolwa (i-syphilis, chlamydia, ne-gonorrhea) kubo bonke abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa ocansini, abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane amanye amadoda alala namadoda. Labo abanomlingani ocansini abaningi noma abangaziwa kufanele bahlolwe kaningi (isib., Ngezikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha).
Ngeshwa, abaningi balaba bantu bengazi izinkombandlela noma bazinaki ngenkuthalo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukwesaba ukuthola i-HIV efanayo. Lokhu akuguquleli ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka kepha ukuphindaphinda.
Ucwaningo lwe-2015 oluvela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles lubike ukuthi phakathi kuka-6 amaphesenti namaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye ama-MSM aphethwe yi-syphilis abhekene nokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe phakathi neminyaka emibili. Abaningi kulabo ababesephuzile ukuhlolwa kuze kube sekuthelelekeni kokubili bavuma ukuthi babengafuni ukwazi noma besaba ukufunda imiphumela.
Okufanayo kuye kwabonakala emadodeni amancane ase-Afrika aseMelika amancane angamaphesenti angama-62 angaphansi kokuhlolelwa uma ehlanganisa ama-STD ngokuziphatha okubi, ukuhlazeka, ukungcola, noma ubuthakathaka bomlingiswa. Namuhla, isilinganiso se-syphilis phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika baseMelika baseMelika baseMpumalanga Afrika cishe kasikhombisa abantu abamhlophe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yalezi zengqondo.
Ayikho iminyaka yobuhlanga noma inhlanga / inhlanga ekwazi ukubalekela ukuhamba okukhulayo kwezifo ze-syphilis e-United States. Ngo-2000, amacala angaphansi kuka-6,000 we-syphilis oyinhloko noma eyesibili abikiwe (noma 2.1 amacala kubantu abayi-100,000); ngo-2016, lelo nani lalikhuphuke laba ngaphezu kuka-27,000 (noma amacala ayisishiyagalombili kwabayi-100 000).
Kuze kube yilapho izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha okuhlolwayo kushintshwa, ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka ingalindelwa ukuba ikhule. Thembeka wena ngokwakho ngengozi yakho bese wenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uzivikele.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 2016 Ukuhlolwa kwezifo zocansi: Ukuphikisa. I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-September 26, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Iziphakamiso ze-STD ne-HIV Screening. https://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/screeningreccs.htm
> Copen, C. Ikondomu Ukusetshenziswa Ngesikhathi Sobulili Phakathi Kwabesifazane Namadoda Agade 15-44 e-United States: Ucwaningo lukazwelonke luka-2011-2015 lwezokukhula komndeni. Nat Health Statis Rep. 2017; 105: 1-16.
> Morris, J .; I-Lippman, uS .; UFiliphu, S. et al. Ukutheleleka NgokweSandulela NgokweSandulela Ngculazi NgokweStigma Nezihlamba Ezihlobene Nesibindi Samantombazane aseMelika aseMelika: Impikiswano Yokuzihlola, I-Partner Notification, kanye Nezokwelapha. Ukunakekelwa Kwesifo Sengculazi STDS. 2014 Sep 1; 28 (9): 499-506. I-DOI: 10.1089 / apc.2013.0316.
> Stahlman, S .; Izitshalo, A .; Javanbakht, M. et al. Ukungenelela Okuvunyelwe Ukunciphisa Ukukhishwa KweSyphilis Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abakhulu Abanobungozi Abalala Ngesilisa E-Los Angeles. Am J Impilo Yomphakathi. 2015 Mashi; 105 (3): e88-e94. I-DOI: 10.2105 / AJPH.2014.302412.