Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uveza inkinga eyingqayizivele kubantu base-Afrika-baseMelika. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banesifo esiphakeme somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abamnyama uvame ukuvela esikhathini esingaphambilini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga ezinkulu noma amaqembu obuhlanga. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika nabo banamanani aphezulu kwezinye izifo ezinjengokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela esenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Abantu abaningi base-Afrika nabamaMelika abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme badinga imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukuze bafinyelele umgomo wabo wegazi.
Iziphakamiso ze-JNC 8
I-Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 yiqembu labachwepheshe ababukeze bonke ubufakazi obutholakala ukusekela izincomo zokwelapha zomshuwalense . Ngaphezu kokubhekana nokwelashwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu emphakathini jikelele, i-JNC 8 yenza izincomo ezithile zokuphathwa kokwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abamnyama. Ubufakazi obucatshangwa yi-JNC8 buhlanganisa ukuvivinywa komtholampilo okungahleliwe, okuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuyisisekelo kunazo zonke zesayensi ekwenzeni imitholampilo.
Ngokuvamile, i-JNC 8 isikisela ukuthi bonke abantu abanesifo sofuba abaneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu kufanele baphathwe ukuze bafinyelele umgomo wegazi we-less than 150/90 mm Hg. Abantu abangaphansi kuka-60 kufanele bazame ukufinyelela umgomo wegazi we-less than 140/90 mm Hg. Noma ubani onesifo sikashukela noma isifo esingenasifo sezinso kufanele futhi agcine umfutho wegazi ngaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg.
Izincomo Zezokwelapha
Nakuba i-JNC 8 incoma ukwelashwa kokuqala nge-enzyme inhibitor ye-angiotensin-guqula i-enzyme inhibitor, i-angiotensin receptor blocker, i-calcium channel blocker, noma i-thiazide-uhlobo lwe-diuretic yabantu abangewona abamnyama, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi abantu abamnyama abane-hypertension, kuhlanganise nalabo abanesifo sikashukela, kufanele qala ukwelashwa nge- blocker yesiteshi se-calcium noma i-thiazide-uhlobo lwe-diuretic.
Abantu abamnyama abanesifo esingenangqondo bangase baqale ukwelashwa nge-enzyme inhibitor ye-angiotensin yokuguqula noma i-angiotensin receptor blocker, noma yedwa noma ihlanganiswe ne-calcium channel blocker noma i-thiazide-type diuretic. I-ACEIs nama-ARB ziye zaboniswa kwezinye izifundo ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yezinso kulaba abanezinkinga zesifo esingenasifo. Uma ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezigulini, izincomo ze-JNC 8 zicabangele isisombululo esihle sokunciphisa umonakalo ezithombeni ezinjengezinso noma inhliziyo ezigulini.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-ACEIs nama-ARB asebenza ohlelweni lwe-renin-angiotensin lokulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, kanti abase-Afrika-baseMelika abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu babonakala benamazinga aphansi okusebenza kulowo mshini, okwenza ukuba bangaziphenduli kancane. Abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu banesifo esingavamile se-blood constriction ngenxa yamazinga aphansi we-chemical nitric oxide.
Izingozi Zengozi Ye-Hypertension E-Afrika-American vs. Eminye Imiphakathi
Ukuzwela usawoti kwenzeka kaningi e-Afrika-American. Lokhu kusho ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuphendula usawoti. Esinye sezizathu kungenzeka ukuthi ukuzwela kasawoti kuvame kakhulu kubantu abakhulu kakhulu futhi kunesisindo esikhulu sokukhuluphala kunabantu base-Afrika nabamanye amazwe.
Eqinisweni, owesifazane oyedwa kwabayisithupha wase-Afrika-waseMelika uthathwa njengophelela ngokweqile, okuphindwe izikhathi ezine uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abamhlophe noma abesifazane baseSpain. Ukweqa ngokweqile kubangela ukuphikiswa kwemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kungabangela ukuphefumula kwe-apnea noma ezinye izinkinga zokulala ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ukubunzima Ukulawula Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi
Ngaphezu kokuthola ubunzima obuningi ngokulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi, abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu banezici eziphezulu ezihambisana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, okubandakanya isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, nezinkinga ezihlobene nomonakalo obangelwa ukucindezeleka kwegazi ezinjengezinso ezinjengezinso .
"Umfutho wegazi ophakeme" usho umfutho wegazi ongalawulwa ngokwanele ngezidakamizwa ezintathu ezihlukene (ezikoleni ezintathu ezihlukene zokulwa namagciwane, kuhlanganise ne- diuretic ).
Ukuguquka Okubalulekile Okudingekayo
Kunezinhlobo zokubaluleka okubalulekile zokuphila okumele kube yingxenye yanoma iyiphi indlela ephelele yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika-baseMelika abanenkinga yokulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Lokhu kufaka ukudla okunomsoco ophansi, ukunyuka komzimba okwenyuka, ukuvinjelwa utshwala, nokulahlekelwa isisindo. Empeleni, ukudla kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi njengokungathi ukwelashwa okukodwa. I-International Society e-Hypertension kubantu abamnyama incoma ukuthi bonke abase-Afrika-baseMelika abanesifo segazi okungaphezu kuka 115/75 mm Hg baqala ukuguqulwa kokuphila ukuze kuqhubekele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko yegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo.