Amaqhinga Nezikhalazo Zesabisa
Ukuze wenze isinqumo esihle kakhulu mayelana nokukhulelwa okungahleliwe , udinga ukuthola ulwazi oluphelele, olungenabulungiswa nolwazi olunemithi. Abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bavakashela izindawo zokukhulelwa , okuvame ukubukeka njengemitholampilo yezokwelapha, ukuzama ukuthola iseluleko nokululekwa. Kodwa bavame ukushiya bethi bakhonjwe ngemuva kokuthola ifilosofi yokulwa nokuzikhethela.
Izikhungo eziningi ezikhungethe ukukhulelwa ziye zagxeka ngenxa yokungaqondisi kahle nokwesabisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuze bafinyelele umgomo wendawo noma ukuvimbela owesifazane ukuthi akwazi ukukhipha isisu .
Izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa zivame ukuqhutshwa yizinhlangano ezinomgomo wokugqugquzela inkonzo yabo kanye nemibono ye-pro-life. Eziningi zalezi zikhungo zenkinga yokukhulelwa zisebenzisa amabhodi amabhodi kanye nezikhangiso ngeziqubulo ezifana:
- "Ukhulelwe? U-Scared? Awunabo"
- "Ukhulelwe? Ucabanga Ngokukhipha Isisu? Cabanga Izinketho Zakho"
- "Ukukhulelwa? Ukuzama Ukukhulelwa Okukhululekile Ukunakekela Nokufihla"
- "Ukucabangela Ukukhipha Isisu? Ulwazi Ngokhetho Lomfazi"
- Ukukhulelwa? Dinga usizo? Unenketho "
- Akuhlelekile? Ukukhathazeka? Usizo Lokuyimfihlo "
Lezi zindlela zokumaketha zenzelwe ngenhloso yokuheha abesifazane "besisu abasengozini". Izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa zinamagama futhi zisebenzisa izikhangiso ezinganikeza umqondo wokuthi aziphatheleli hlangothi, abangenabulungisa, abahlinzeki bezempilo.
Isibonelo, bangase babe namagama afana neCrisis Pregnancy Centre, Usizo lokukhulelwa, Isikhungo sokuNakekela ukukhulelwa, Isikhungo sokuKhulelwa kokukhulelwa, noma Isikhungo sokuNakekela ukukhulelwa. Lezi zikhungo zingase zisebenzise amagama azwakalayo afana namagama emitholampilo yokuhlela imindeni yangempela endaweni (isibonelo, isikhungo senkinga yokukhulelwa "Hlela Ubuzali Bakho" singase sitholakale eduze "Parent Parenthood"), bese ukhetha izindawo ezikhona eduze nezikhungo zezempilo ezisemthethweni.
Lokhu kwenza kube lula abesifazane ukuba baye esikhungweni sezinkinga zokukhulelwa ngephutha.
Ezinye izikhungo ezikhungathekile zokukhulelwa zinikeza indawo evulekile futhi ethembekile ngenkathi inikeza ukwesekwa hlangothi nokwaziswa, kanti nakuba eziningi zalezi zikhungo ziyi-pro-life, ezinye zihamba phambili ngefilosofi nezinkonzo zabo kunabanye. Izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa cishe zihlale zisebenzela ukuvimbela owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba akhiphe isisu. Uphenyo olunzulu, ucwaningo kanye nobufakazi bomuntu siqu weziguli kuye kwabonisa ukuthi iningi lezinkinga ezikhukhumezekile zokukhulelwa zishiya abesifazane bazizwe bekhohlisiwe ngamaqhinga abo, ukuxhaphaza kanye nefilosofi yenkolo.
Izikhalazo Ezinkulu Ezikhungweni Zezinkinga Zokukhulelwa:
Lezi zikhungo ezikhungethe ukukhulelwa zitholakale zikhangisa ngamanga ukuthi zinikela ngezinsizakalo zokukhipha isisu noma ukweluleka - uma empeleni zitholwe ukuthi injongo enkulu yalezi zikhungo ukukhuthaza abesifazane ukuba basebenzise ukhetho lwabo lokukhipha isisu. Izikhungo eziningi ezikhukhumezekile zokukhulelwa ngeke zixoxe ngezinketho zokukhipha isisu noma zenze ukukhipha isisu. Ngisho noma lezi zikhungo zinganiki usizo noma ukusekela ukukhipha isisu, izinhlangano ezisebenzayo ziyavuma ukuthi ingxenye yendlela yokukhangisa yabo ukufinyelela ukukhipha isisu-abesifazane abasengozini.
Bakwenza lokhu ngokukhangisa ukuthi bayimitholampilo yezempilo yabesifazane besifazane, futhi bavame ukubalwa ngaphansi "kwezinsizakalo zokukhipha isisu" ku-Yellow Pages. Ukwengeza, manje bazama ukwandisa ubukhona babo be-intanethi ngokuthola ukubekwe phezulu kuma-injini yokusesha. Ngakho-ke, uma owesifazane efuna ulwazi lokukhipha isisu, izikhangiso zokukhulelwa kwezikhungo zokukhulelwa kanye nezindawo zivela.
Umkhandlu Wokucwaninga Komndeni (iqembu elaphelile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule lenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yocwaningo kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi eyenzelwe ukusekela, ukuthuthukisa nokuvikela umsebenzi wezikhungo ezikhungethe ukukhulelwa kwesizwe) iqhaza ohlelweni lokusiza ukukhulelwa kwezikhungo ezikhungethe ukuthuthukisa ukukhangisa kwabo amasu kusukela lezi zikhungo azizange zifinyelele abesifazane abaningi "abakhulelwe isisu" njengoba bebefuna.
I-FRC yenza i-poll yomhlaba wonke yabesifazane abaneminyaka eyi-18-34. Lapho kuhlaziywa imiphumela, bahlolisisa ukuthi yiziphi amagama abesifazane abazobhekana nazo ngokubhekene nokukhulelwa okungakahleleki okungenzeka basebenzise lapho behlola amakhasi aphuzi ukuze uthole usizo lokukhulelwa. Khona-ke embikweni, i-FRC yakhuthaza ukuthi izikhungo ezikhungethe ukukhulelwa ziqiniseke ukuthi zihlonza imitholampilo yazo ngaphansi kwalezi zigaba.
Le poll nayo ithole ukuthi igama elithi "inhlekelele" likhuphe ukusabela okunamandla kabi (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane besigaba sezenhlalakahle). U-FRC welule ukuthi igama elithi "Isikhungo Sokusizwa Kwabesifazane" (esinikeza umbono wokuthi lesi sakhiwo sinikeza uhla olugcwele lwezinsizakalo) saba nesisindo esihle kakhulu ekufinyeleleni abesifazane abacebile nalabo abasengozini yokukhipha isisu. Umbiko wabo uphinde unikeze izeluleko emasimini angcono amaziko okufanele asebenzise, ​​ukukhangisa izithombe kanye nolwimi, kanye neziphakamiso zendawo. Ngokusho kwe-FRC, lo mbiko wanikezwa kabanzi ezindaweni ezikhungethwe ukukhulelwa futhi wachazelwa emihlanganweni yonyaka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, "amakhulu ezindawo ezweni lonke ashintshe imikhuba yokukhangisa kanye nokugcizelela inkonzo ngenxa yalesisifundo se-FRC."
Ngenxa yalokhu nkohliso, kungaba yinkimbinkimbi ukukhetha ukuthi yisiphi isikhalazo sokukhulelwa esizovakashela. Nakuba ezinye zalezi zikhungo zengcebo zihlinzeke ngolwazi olunembile noluthile hlangothi, abanye bangacindezela futhi bakhuthaze ngokukhohlisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokusebenzisa isikhangiso samanga noma amagama adukisayo. I-Centers for Disease Control, i-Planned Parenthood, i-New York Metropolitan Religious Coalition yokukhipha isisu, iNational Organization for Women, i-Texas Attorney General, i-American Civil Liberties Union, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNyakatho Dakota kanye nezombusazwe nabacwaningi abahlukahlukene abaye bahamba bebambelele ngokusemthethweni izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa "zikhohlisayo."
Ama-Scare Amaqhinga Asetshenziswa Ngama-Crisis Centres Centres:
Uma owesifazane ekhohlisiwe esikhungweni senkinga yokukhulelwa, angase abe ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokucindezela, ezingokomzwelo, ezikhohlisayo nezokucasula ezenzelwe ukumqinisekisa ukuba angafuni ukukhipha isisu. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi lezi zikhungo zingabesabisa abesifazane ngokukhala, ukwabelana izindaba zomuntu siqu, nokusebenzisa amamodeli angamaqiniso noma amavidyo okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa komntwana. Izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa zizama ukulawula imizwelo nemicabango yowesifazane ngokubhekisela emntwaneni njengengane "futhi" besebenzisa imishwana efana, "Sihalalisela, ungumama." Abesifazane abavakashele lezi zikhungo bavame ukuhlanganyela ngaleyo ndlela ngemuva kokuba ne-sonogram, ilungu labasebenzi lizobanika izithombe ze-ultrasound ngemilayezo efakwe kubo njengokuthi, "Mama," "Angikwazi Ukukuhlangabeza," futhi "Ngiyakuthanda . " Izisebenzi ezikhungweni zezinkinga zokukhulelwa zizobhekisela ekukhipha isisu njengokubulala noma ukubulala.
Lokhu okulandelayo kuhlanganiswe izibonelo zabantu ababikiwe okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi besesikhungweni sokukhulelwa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zibonelo zijwayelekile kulokho umuntu angalindela futhi, ngokude, hhayi okuhlukile:
- Ngokombiko we-2002 we-Centre for Rights Reproductive, owesifazane esikhungweni sezinkinga zokukhulelwa watshelwa ukuthi "ubenesathane ngaphakathi kwakhe." Wabe "ebhekwa ngemifanekiso eqondile yabantwana abangenakunyakalala kanye nezinsana ezithintekayo."
- U-Amy Sutnick, isisebenzi esihleliwe se-Planned Parenthood uvakashele esinye sezikhungo zamasevisi e-Manhattan Pregnancy Services ezikhangisa ukuthi zinikeza "ulwazi olunembile lokukhipha isisu." UNksz Sutnick wabika ukuthi kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhulelwa zabo ezintathu, abakhulelwe babefanele ukubukela umbukiso wesilayidi, Ukunakekelwa ngenkathi belinde imiphumela yabo yokuhlola ukukhulelwa. Umbukiso wesilayidi wawuqukethe izibalo eziningi ezingamanga mayelana nezingozi zokukhipha isisu, konke okuphikisana yizikhungo zokuLawula izifo.
- U-Liz Nazario, oyisisebenzi sokuzithandela esikhungweni sezinkinga zokukhulelwa, uyavuma ukuthi emzamweni wokuzama ukukhipha isisindo sabesifazane abafuna ukukhipha isisu, uqala ngokubonisa izithombe ezimnyama nezamhlophe zezinyosi ezithuthuka ngokushesha zomntwana; ke-ke, uzothatha isithombe esikhulu sombala we-fetus ngamehlo avaliwe nokumomotheka. Okokugcina, ubonisa esinye isithombe esiphezulu sekhasi lesibhulogi ezinamanzi ebhodini likadoti. Uqhubeka embula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi wayezothatha owesifazane okhulelwe angene esontweni elincane ukuze athandaze phambi kwe-altare le-marble. Utshela u-Alan Cooperman, waseWashington Post , ukuthi uhlale emema labesifazane ukubukela ividiyo ku-TV enkulu-skrini. "Ngithanda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhipha isisu. Ichaza ukukhipha isisu sesibili no-third-trimester," kuchaza (ebhekisela ezinkambisweni ezincane ezingavamile nokukhipha isisu). "Amanye amantombazane adinga ukukhala okuthulile . U-Nazario naye uhlanganyela, "Izikhathi eziningi lapho intombazane ingena futhi ithi ufuna ukukhipha isisu, uvele nje egoqelayo ... Akacabangi ngempela ngane. Ucabanga ngaye."
- E-Arizona, ubaba othile waletha indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala esikhungweni sezinkinga ngemuva kokudlwengulwa. Lo mfana waboniswa "imidwebo enobudlova" kuhlanganise nezithombe zezingubo zokuqothulwa. Ubaba ubika ukuthi lesi sikhungo, "simdlwengulile ngokomzwelo kuphela." [Isikhungo esibucayi sokukhulelwa] singabameli abangakazalwa, futhi esihogweni nomuntu onenkathazo. Babenembazo yokugaya, futhi bamthusa nje. "
- U-Nancy Weinstock, isisebenzi sokuzithandela samanje, uvakashele i-Options Resources Center, isikhangiso sakhe sithembisa "ulwazi lokulawula ukuzalwa ." Utshelwe ukuthi "ukulawulwa kokubeletha akusebenzi ngoba uMama Wendalo akahlosi ukuthi imizimba yethu ilawulwe." Wabuye waziswa ukuthi izivivinyo zomchamo kanye nokukhulelwa kwegazi "zifana" futhi ziphumelela ngokulinganayo (ulwazi olubuye luyiqiniso).
- I-Courtney Barbour, umsizi wezokuphatha eNyuvesi yaseNorth Carolina e-Chapel Hill, waletha isampula ekhulelwe naye emkhunjini oseduze wokukhulelwa, u-Birthchoice. UBarbour wachaza ukuthi ngenkathi esalindele imiphumela yokuhlolwa, umeluleki wabonisa amathumbu akhe epulasitiki ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa futhi wamtshela ukuthi ingane yakhe isifo senhliziyo ngokushesha (okungenembile). Umeluleki waqhubeka ebuza ngezinkolelo zikaBarbour, lapho uBarbour ephendula khona, "Angiye esontweni, kodwa umkhulu wayengumfundisi weMethodist." Umeluleki waphendula wathi, "Ngiyafakazela ukuthi umkhulu wakho angathanda ukuthi unalo lo mntwana." U-Barbour ulandisa ukuthi owesifazane (owake wahlola ukukhulelwa kwakhe) wabuyela ekamelweni futhi wamethula ngezinkinobho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezenziwe ngesandla futhi wathi, "Siyakuhalalisela! Ungumama."
- E-Minnesota, iRobbinsdale Women's Center, isikhungo sokuhlukumeza isisu sokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu sitholakala ngaphesheya komgwaqo kusuka emtholampilo waseRobbinsdale, enikeza ububanzi bokunakekela ukwelashwa kubandakanya nezinsizakalo zokukhipha isisu. Abesifazane abaningana abaya esikhungweni esikhundleni semtholampilo bakhononda ngokuthi isikhungo sibacindezele futhi sabakhohlisa. Omunye wesifazane wabe esefaka isikhalazo kummeli wommeli waseMinnesota ethi, "Ngifuna ukuthola uMtholampilo waseRobbinsdale, ngiphutha ngaya emtholampilo wabesifazane ngaphesheya komgwaqo. Lapho ngibatshela igama lami nesikhathi sami sokuqokwa, bangithatha ukuba ngihlale futhi "Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngafunda ukuthi anginakho ukuqokwa khona lapho." Base bethi babengazi ngomtholampilo waseRobbinsdale. "
- Esikhathini esithile esivela encwadini ethi Legal But Out of Reach , umama wabelane ngenkathi esesikhungweni sezinkinga zokukhulelwa, ngemuva kokuthi abasebenzi bebuza ukuthi isinqumo sethu siyoba yini, "mina nendodakazi yami sathi sinqume ukuthi into enhle angayenza ukukhipha isisu nokuthi kungakanani lokho okuzobiza? " Laba besifazane ababili bathi, "ngicela ulinde umzuzu" futhi wasishiya ... Babuya benodoli nezikhali futhi bathi, "yilokhu ingane yakho ibukeka manje futhi sifuna ukuba uqale ukumsika ngoba yilokho okuzokwenza kwenzeke uma uthola isisu - ngakho qala ukusika! "
Ukuthi Izingosi Zokukhulelwa Kokukhulelwa Ziwadukisa Kanjani Abesifazane:
Njengoba umgomo wezikhungo eziningi zokukhulelwa ukuvimbela owesifazane ekukhipha isisu, kutholakale ukuthi ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amaqhinga okwesabisa, lezi zikhungo nazo zizama ukuxhaphaza abesifazane ngokunikeza ulwazi olungamanga.
Kubonakala sengathi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokungaziphathi kahle ukuthi izikhungo zenkinga yokukhulelwa zivame ukutshela abesifazane abakhulelwe:
- Akuvamile ukuthi lezi zikhungo ziphakanyisele owesifazane okhulelwe, njengenye indlela yokukhipha isisu, ukulinda isikhashana ngoba kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uzoba nesisu (ngakho-ke ngeke adinge ukukhipha isisu).
- Izikhungo zezinkinga zokukhulelwa ziyaziwa nangokungathembeki ngokuphathelene nokukhulelwa . Abesifazane bavame ukutshelwa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokubeletha akuphumelelanga ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa nokuthi ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwe-hormonal kanye namakhondomu kubangela umdlavuza. Abanye besifazane baze babike ukuthi bayatshelwa ukuthi wonke amakhondomu anezimbobo futhi anganikeli noma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kwe-STD . Amafilosofi enkolo amaningi kulezi zikhungo ziholele ekukhuthazeni ukuzithiba ngokweqile ngokweqile.
- Enye yezinganekwane ezikhukhumezayo ukuthi izikhungo ezikhungethe ukukhulelwa zizama ukukholisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuthi ukukhipha isisu akuphephile. Ngokuvamile, baqamba amanga ngokukhipha isisu futhi bangasho ngokungalungile ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kungabangela izifo ezivuthayo, ukukhulelwa ngokweqile, ukukhulelwa ngokweqile, ukuzalwa kwangaphambili, ngisho nokufa. Abaxoxisi ukuthi abesifazane bangama-14 kangakanani amathuba okufa ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokubeletha kunokufa ngenxa yokucindezeleka isisu. Ezinye izikhungo ezikhukhumezekile zokukhulelwa zize ziphakamise ngokungafaniyo - ukuthi ukuqeda ukukhulelwa kuyingozi nakakhulu kunokuba kuthwale ingane kuze kube yisikhathi.
- Okunye okungaqondakali kahle lezi zikhungo ezivame ukusetshenziswa njengamaqhinga okwethusa ukukhipha isisu ngokusobala ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kuholela noma kubangele umdlavuza webele. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi izikhungo ezikhungathekile zokukhulelwa zingatshela abesifazane ukuthi yiqiniso elingu-100% elivunywa ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kubangela umdlavuza webele. Umvolontiya kwenye yalezi zikhungo eNyakatho Carolina ubhekisela ekutadisheni kuka-Australia lapho "wonke owesifazane oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala okhetha ukukhipha isisu kutholakala enesifo somdlavuza webele." Abesifazane bangabuye batshelwe ukuthi uma benomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza webele, ngokuqinisekile bayothola umdlavuza bese befa uma bekhipha isisu.
- Izikhungo eziningi zokukhulelwa zizozama ukuqinisekisa abesifazane ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kuzoholela ezinkingeni zengqondo . Kube khona imibiko eminingi yabesifazane abatshelwe ngephutha ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kungaholela kunoma yikuphi okuvela "ekucindezelweni kokukhipha isisu" noma "emva kokukhipha isisu" ekucindezelekeni, ukuzibulala, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nobudlelwane, ukucindezeleka kokulandela ukucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ngisho nokwandisa amathuba okuba owesifazane uzohlukumeza izingane zakhe zesikhathi esizayo.
- Okokugcina, lezi zikhungo zithembele ekuhlazweni njengeqhinga lokusabisa ukwesaba nokuqeda abesifazane abakhulelwe. Amavolontiya amaningi njengalezi zikhungo asebenzisa iziphakamiso ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini ukukhuthaza abesifazane ukuba bangabi ocansini kuze kube umshado. Bazozama ukushumayela inkolo ukucindezela abesifazane abakhathazekile noma abangaqiniseki ukuba baqhubeke nokukhulelwa futhi bangafuni ukukhipha isisu.
Imithombo:
(Kusetshenziswa kulesi sihloko kanye nemithombo ejwayelekile efakazela iqiniso mayelana nezikhungo zokukhulelwa.)
Umkhandlu Wocwaningo Lomndeni. (2013). "Isifiso sokukhonza, umbono wokuphila: Imizamo yomkhandlu wocwaningomndeni ukuqinisa nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wezikhungo zokukhulelwa ngo-1997-2009." I-FRC ne-PRCs. Kufinyelelwe ngo 6/7/13.
I-Momentum yomthetho. (2007). "Ukuxhaphazwa kwe-Federal-kuphela kuphela kwezikhungo zokukhulelwa ezinzima." Kufinyelelwe ngo 6/7/13.
I-NARAL: iPro-Choice America. (2007). "Iqiniso mayelana nezikhungo zokukhulelwa ezinzima." Kufinyelelwe ngo 6/7/13.
I-NARAL: I-Pro-Choice eNorth Carolina. (2013). "Iqiniso livezwe: Izikhungo zokukhulelwa eNorth Carolina." Kufinyelelwe ngo 6/7/13.