Ubukhulu obuningi bokuphila kwanamuhla buya ngokuya kwandisa amandla ohlakaniphile, kufaka phakathi izici ezihlukahlukene zezempilo kanye nokuphila kahle. Kuze kube nini ngaphambi kokuba ikhompiyutha ingaphumelela ekungeneleleni kwezempilo okuqondiswe ngabantu? Mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, kungakanani ngaphambi kokuba umuntu azimisele ukuthembela ongewona umuntu ukumphatha? Le mibuzo emibili ingase igxile kule mpikiswano mayelana namandla okufunda umshini wokusebenza komshini kanye ne-robotics ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
Amakhompiyutha angakwazi "ukucabanga" ngendlela eqhubekayo engabantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi silungile noma cha, ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwimbonakaliso yokucubungula i-computing ukuthi iminyaka ye-coaching yekhompyutha nokunakekelwa kwezempilo sekufikile.
Ukuhlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo ulwazi lwezempilo
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi sabelana ngazo zonke izinhlobo zangasese nolwazi oluseduze njalo lapho sithenga noma sidlulisa amehlo ku-intanethi. Ikhono lokubikezela izenzakalo zezempilo ngokulandela ukuziphatha okungavamile kwabonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe ngo-2012 lapho umthengisi uTarget abonisa izwe ukuthi bangakwazi ukubikezela ngokungaqondile kahle uma owesifazane ekhulelwe esebenzisa imikhuba yakhe yezitolo-ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuletha izindaba zokukhulelwa ukuze zihlasele amalungu omndeni.
Imininingwana eminingi yomuntu siqu ihlaziywa ngezibalo ngokujwayelekile ukuze ihlinzeke ngokuqondisisa ngokwengeziwe imikhuba kanye nezici zomuntu. Ezinye zalezi zenzo zenzeke ngokuzithandela nangokwesekwa nokusekelwa okugcwele komsebenzisi, kanti ezinye zingenziwa ngokweqile ngezinhlangano nezinkampani.
Ukuziphatha ngokulandelela kokumemeza kuphakamisa imibuzo ethile yokuziphatha kanye nenhlalo.
Abantu abaningi manje bahlanganyela ngokukhululekile ngolwazi lwabo lwezempilo ngezindlela ezehlukene, ngokuhlanganyela ngokucacile ngokuhlola ukuhlolwa kweengozi, ngokungahambisani nezingubo zokugqoka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangenhloso ngokusebenzisa okuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana nabantu nokuthenga ukuziphatha.
Ukuchithwa kwalolu lwazi kungahlaziywa futhi kuhunyushwa luyanda, kudala kokubili izingozi namathuba, futhi mhlawumbe ukusibeka emngceleni wenkathi entsha lapho ubuchwepheshe bungaba nendima ekukhuliseni impilo yethu nenhlalakahle ngezindlela ezinhle.
Ukuzenzela Impilo Nokuxazulula Inkinga Yokungazi
Amaphutha okuxilonga odokotela yindawo enkulu yokukhathazeka. Umphumela wokunganakeki noma ukwehluleka ukucabangela ukwanda kokukhethwa kukho, la maphutha angabhubhisa isiguli kanye nomndeni wakhe. UProfesa Eta Berner weYunivesithi yase-Alabama eBirmingham noDkt. Mark L. Graber weNorth Medical Center, wathola ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 ukuya kwangu-20 amacala ezokwelapha ayengaphathwa kahle. I-Berner kanye ne-Graber ibonisa ukuthi izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokucubungula zivikela ukuxilongwa okulungile isikhathi esiningi. Noma kunjalo, kunezikhathi lapho lezi zinqubo zokucabangela zihluleka. Ukuhlaziywa kukaBerner noGraber kubonisa ukuthi ukwethembela ngokweqile kwedokotela kungaba yimbangela yeziphambeko zezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko okhokhelwa yi-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality wathola amaphesenti angu-28 azo zonke iziphambeko zokuxilonga ukuba zibe nzima kakhulu, mhlawumbe kubonisa umcimbi osongela ukuphila.
Ukuhlukumeza kabi kungabandakanya noma yikuphi ukubeka imithi engalungile ekuhlinzekeni ngokususa ingxenye engalungile yomzimba.
Lesi sibalo esesabekayo singase sikhombise abanye ukuthi inkinga ekhona ingasombulula ngokususa isici somuntu kusuka ekulinganisweni. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-IBM's Watson manje buhlinzeka ngethemba lokuthi ulwazi lungenziwa futhi luhlongozwe ngendlela ebonakalayo yabantu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuziqhenya kukaWatson bukwazi ukuhlaziya idatha engakhiwe, ukuqonda imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nabasebenzisi bokuphela abaxazululi abanezixazululo ezisekelwe ebufakazini.
U-Watson uhlose ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuqagela, okungazange kutholakale ukuthi kuphumelele ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kusetshenziswe ezimweni zangempela zokuphila.
Kodwa-ke, yini engase ibe yinto enyanyekayo kunokuba u-Watson akwazi ukubikezela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bayo buyaphumelela kubantu uma kuziwa ekungeneni kwezempilo nempilo.
Ngonyaka ka-2015, i-IBM Watson yakha ubudlelwane obuhle neCVS Health, lokhu kwamemezela ukufika kwekhompyutha yokucwaninga embonini yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lasikisela ukuthi maduzane, odokotela kanye namakhemikhali babezokwazi ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obungakuthola ngokuzenzekelayo ukwehla kwempilo yesiguli.
Isivumelwano esiphakathi kwe-Under Armor ne-IBM, esayinwe ngo-2016, sanika uMatson ithuba lokuqhubeka nokwakha iphrojekthi yayo yezempilo. I-Apple, futhi, yenza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphawulekayo epulatifomu le-Watson ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa amapulatifomu okuthuthukiswa kwe-HealthKIT kanye noKucwaningo. Ngokombiko we-Grand View Research Inc., umakethe wezokuxhumana wezezimali emhlabeni jikelele ubikezelwe ukuthi uzofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-$ 5 billion ngonyaka ka-2020.
Ucwaningo lwezesayensi lusekela nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukunciphisa ingozi yephutha nokulimala emithi. UDkt. Mark L. Graber uphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto okuthiwa "amathuluzi okuqala", okungahlonza amacala asengozini yokuxilonga ngokuhlaziya amarekhodi ezempilo e-elektroniki futhi afune ukungavumelani. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi okuqamba manje asetshenziswa ezibhedlela zaseMelika, kodwa, azikwazi njalo ukubona amaphutha okuxilonga. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa imizamo yokuklama ukungenelela okungcono kokuvimbela.
Indlela ethembisayo yanikezwa uDkt. Hardeep Singh kanye nozakwabo. Bakhele i-electronic trigger engakwazi ukukhomba iziguli ezingenqunyelwe ukuqokwa kwezibhedlela ezingakapheli amasonto amabili ekuvakasheni kwabo kokuqala ukunakekelwa, okuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungahle kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabo kokuqala. Ochwepheshe abaningi babikezela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obufana nalokhu buzosiza ukuvimbela amaphutha noma okungenani ubalethele emzamweni wokunciphisa.
Ukuthola Intelligence Intelligence
Ngo-2015, uSihlalo we-NHS England, uSir Malmm Grant, uveze umbono wakhe wokuthi ukuhlakanipha kwengqondo kufanele kutholwe ukunakekelwa kwempilo njengoba kungathuthukisa izinga lokunakekelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa komuthi. Abaningi bezokwelapha baye basho lokhu. Ubuchwepheshe obungase buxhomeke ngokuthembekile futhi / noma ukukhomba amaphutha okuxilonga ngokusebenzisa imininingo yedatha kungenzeka ukuthi akude kakhulu.
Ikhompuyutha yokucwaninga emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo okwamanje isetshenziselwa kakhulu indima yokweluleka futhi ingenzi izinqumo zokugcina noma ukubuyisela abantu ngabanye. U-Watson, isibonelo, usiza abantu kanye nezinhlangano ukwenza izinqumo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwelashwa futhi maduze kuzosiza abantu ukuba bathuthukise amazinga abo empilo ngokusebenzisana ne-Under Armor. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyisikhathi esifushane nje ukuthi amakhompiyutha athola abantu njengamandla amakhulu emdlalweni wezingqondo njenge-chess, futhi amandla we-computing akhula kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici somuntu sinezelwa kwizici zokucubungula komshini, okwenza umqondo wekhompyutha namarobhothi usinakekele ngendlela engakafaneli ngayo.
> Imithombo
> Berner E, i-Graber M. Overconfidence njengesizathu sephutha lokuxilonga emithi. I-American Journal Of Medicine . 2008; 121: S2-S23.
> I-Gray ML. Isimo sephutha lokuxilonga emithi. I-BMJ Quality & Ukuphepha . 2013; 22 (Suppl 2): ii21-ii27. i-doi: 10.1136 / bmjqs-2012-001615.
> Lupton D. Ukukhuthazwa kwezempilo esikhathini se-digital: ukuhlaziya okubucayi. Ukukhuthazwa kwezeMpilo ngamazwe ngamazwe . 2015; 30 (1): 174-183
> Singh H, Giardina TD, Meyer NO, Forjuoh SN, Reis Singh H, Giardina TD, Meyer NO, Forjuoh SN, Reis MD, Thomas EJ. Izinhlobo kanye neziqalo zeziphambeko zokuxilonga kuzilungiselelo zokunakekela eziyinhloko. I-JAMA imithi yangaphakathi . 2013; 173 (6): 418-425.
> Thompson M. Healthcare kanye neqembu lokucubungula i-computing ukuze kube nezinguquko ezinkulu. Isivumelwano . 2015: 4-8.