Ama-biomaterials abe yingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo eziningi zokwelashwa nokuxilonga, futhi ucwaningo kule nsimu lukhula ngokushesha. Ezinye zezindawo ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke ama- orthopedics , ophthalmology , ukwelapha umdlavuza kanye nokunakekelwa kwamazinyo.
I-biomaterial yizinto eziye zakhiwa ukuthatha ifomu elisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa inkambo yokwelapha noma yokuxilonga .
Yize eziningi zezifundo eziphathelene nama-biomaterials zenziwa ezithombeni zezilwane noma nge-vitro okwamanje, ososayensi babikezela ukuthi ukutholakala kuzothathwa ngokushesha ekuhlolweni kwabantu.
I-Ophthalmology ne-BioMaterials
I-amniotic membrane (AM) isetshenziselwe ukuhlinzwa kabusha kweso iminyaka eminingi. Muva nje, amasu amasha aphakanyisiwe ukuba ashintshe ngokuphumelelayo i-cornea. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuvame ukuqhutshwa uma kunokulimala okungunaphakade kweso elibangelwa isifo noma ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali.
I-AM itholakala ngaphakathi kwengqimba ye-placenta futhi inamakhemikhali okulwa nokuvuvukala nokuphikisanayo, okwenza kube nesifiso esibombele esifanele. Kodwa-ke, izicubu ze-AM zinyene futhi zincipha, ezingathinta umbono womuntu. Ososayensi manje bacwaninga izindlela zokubamba futhi baqonde ngokucacile AM ngokudala i-laminate yezicubu. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwabo kuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AM ngezindlela ezingasebenzisa kangcono indaba ekuhlinzekeni kabusha kweso lomuntu.
Ama-Biomaterials for Improved Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment
Kubuye kube nenqubekela phambili eningi ngokusebenzisa ama-biomaterial ahlukahlukene ekuphatheni umdlavuza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izinto zokuqala ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa nokuchazwa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukene, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuletha izidakamizwa zokulwa nomdlavuza ngendlela ephumelelayo.
Imithi eqondisa izicubu ngokuqondile ibhekwe njengendlela ekhethwayo yokwelapha umdlavuza. Bayakwazi ukuletha izingxabano ezinkulu kumangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi babangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ngenhloso yokwelashwa komdlavuza wendawo, abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseAdelaide, e-Australia, baklanyelwe futhi bazenzele i-titanium nanotube arrays ebizwa ngokuthi yi-titanium wire based based arrays engakwazi ukulayishwa ngemithi yomdlavuza futhi isebenze njengedivaysi yokuletha izidakamizwa. Ucwaningo lwabo lwabonisa ukuthi lapho ukwelashwa komdlavuza kutholakala nezimpande ezintsha, amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesifuba abe amathuba okuba asinde. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kwabo, izinsuku ezintathu emva kokufakwa kokufakelwa, amangqamuzana amathumba aqala ukulungisa. Abacwaningi baphinde bagcizelele ukuthi le ndlela entsha ye-chemotherapeutic ingashintshwa kwezinye izinhlobo zegciwane esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuletha izidakamizwa endaweni ethize ye-lesion kuyindlela ehlolwayo nakwezinye izindawo zemithi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okuvimbela izidakamizwa, okuye kwaba yinkinga ekhulayo ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi elwa namagciwane, ingase ilashwe ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zakamuva ezakhiweni eziphilayo. Izithuthi ze-silica ze-sophisticus ze-sophisticus esine-core-sophistiwe esesiseni esivele zisetshenziselwa amamodeli amancane ukuletha ama-antibiotics ezindaweni zokutheleleka okunqandekile.
Ekucwaningweni kwezilwane, i-nanoplatforms iye yaboniswa ukuthi iphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni amabhaktheriya, ngesikhathi esifanayo besebenzisa kokubili isiliva nama-antibiotic agents.
I-Cartilage Tissue Engineering
UDkt. Tanya Levingstone waseRoyal College of Surgeons e-Ireland (RCSI) uhlola enye indawo ejabulisayo yokucwaninga kwezinto eziphilayo. I-Levingstone iyingxenye yeT Bone and Tissue Engineering Research Group. Leli qembu lenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwakheni izinto ezingasiza ukuvuselela amalunga abonakalisiwe. Ithimba lokucwaninga lijoyine isikhungo sokucwaninga i-AMBER ( Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research) futhi sathuthukisa i-scaffold enezinambuzane eziningi ezinamafutha amaningi ahlanganisa i-collagen, i-hydroxyapatite ne-hyaluronic acid.
Zonke lezi zinto zikhona ngokuhlanganyela okunempilo futhi zikwazi ukuqondisa ngokuqondile amaseli omzimba ukulungisa amalunga awonakele.
Ezifundweni zabo zakamuva, abacwaningi base-Ireland bahlolisise i-compound ngezinyanga eziyi-15 ezinamafilimu amakhulu. Ihhashi lalibhekene nesifo esibucayi sezingxenyeni zomabili zomabili ezaziwa ngokuthi i-osteochondritis dissecans. Ezinye izimo zalesi simo zingaba nzima kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidinga ukuxhunywa. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa inqubo ye-arthroscopic evamile eyasusa izingxenyana ezingaguquki zamadolo, ama-scaffolds amaningi ahlanganisiwe ayefakwa emajoyini amahhashi. Ngenxa yalokho, amathambo amasha ne-cartilage akhiwe, njengoba kuboniswe uphenyo izinyanga ezinhlanu ngemuva kwenqubo yokuqala. Ihhashi elincane elinamathemba amabi ngaphambili libuyele emuva ekuqeqesheni imicimbi ye-jump jumping.
Le ndaba iye yaba nelungelo lobunikazi futhi manje liyaziwa njengeCondroColl. Kuyinto yomkhiqizo wesibili weqembu emkhakheni wokuvuselelwa kwethambo. Esikhathini esidlule, bahlolisisa futhi bavivinya isisindo sokuvuselelwa kwamathambo okuthiwa yi-HydoxyCall, esivunyelwe yi-CE kakade futhi siswe emakethe yinkampani yokuqala evela ku-RCSI, ebizwa nge-SugarColl Technologies. I-ChondroColl okwamanje ilindele ukugunyazwa okulawulwayo, futhi izifundo zokuqala kubantu abaneziphambeko ze-osteochondral kulindeleke ukuba ziqale esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ukuqeda Ukubola Kwezinyo
Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yasePennsylvania bafuna izindlela ezingcono zokususa i-plaque yamazinyo engabangela ukuqala kokubola kwezinyo. Bazakhele ama-nanoparticles ahlotshiswe ngomsebenzi onjenge-peroxide ongawuphazamisa umthamo wokuzivikela ozungeza amabhaktheriya atholakele emlonyeni wakho. Leli qhinga leveli manje liye lahlolwa ku-model models futhi libonise ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokubola kwezinyo. Ithimba lithemba ukuthi maduze lisebenzise lolu lwazi ukuphatha izifo zomlomo zomlomo. Bahlongoza ukuthi mhlawumbe bahlanganise nanoparticles enesisindo ene-peroxide emayini yokugcoba ngamazinyo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-mouthwash njengecebo elisha lokulwa nokulwa nokubola.
Imithombo:
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Hariya T, Tanaka Y, Yokokura S, Nakazawa T. Ukungaqondakali, ulwelwesi lwe-amniotic lomuntu olungapheli luhlanganisa ukufakelwa kwesilwane. Ama-biomaterials, [serial online]. Ngo-September 12016; 101: 76-85.
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I-Stack J, Levingstone T, uDavid F, et al. Ukulungiswa kwe-osteochondritis enkulu kukhishwa izilonda besebenzisa isakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe ngamakhemikhali esakhiwe yikhiqiza e-equine athlete. I-Journal ye-Tissue Engineering kanye neMithi Yokuvuselela [i-serial online]. Meyi 20, 2016; Kutholakala kusuka ku-MEDLINE, i-Ipswich, MA. Ifinyelele ngo-Juni 11, 2016.
Wang Y, Ding X, Gu H, et al. I-antibiotic-elayishiwe, izimoto ze-silica ze-sophisticated-sophisticated e-sophisticated syndrome njenge-agent antibacterial synergistic yokwelashwa kwezifo ezingamelana nezidakamizwa. Ama-biomaterials [okuyi-serial online]. Juni 2, 2016; 101: 207-216.