I-MERS igciwane isakazeka kodwa ingabe izofika e-United States?
Ekuqaleni kuka-June 2015, izikhulu zaseKorea zaseNingizimu Afrika zahlukanisa izinkulungwane zabantu ngenxa yokwesaba ukutheleleka kwe-MERS. Ngaphambilini, leli gciwane lokuphefumula lalivame ukuhlukaniswa ne-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Nokho, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 2015, indoda yaseKorea eneminyaka engu-68 ubudala ebuya eSaudi Arabia yakwazi ukudalula abasebenzi bezempilo ezibhedlela ezi-3 kuleli gciwane elingase libulawe ngaphambi kokuba lihlonzwe futhi lihlukaniswe kahle.
Manje, abantu abavela emazweni omhlaba wonke besaba ukukhishwa kwesinye isimo se-SARS ngo-2003.
Kuyini i-MERS?
I-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, noma i- MERS ngamafishane , i-coronavirus esakazeka emoyeni. ukuthi abantu abathintekayo baxosha, ngamanye amazwi, abantu abane-MERS bakhipha amaconsi okuphefumula aqukethe igciwane. Lawa amaconsi angabathinta ngokuqondile labo abasondelene nabo noma abathinteke kumafomite noma izinto ezifana namafoni namadiza futhi abathinte abanye ngale ndlela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amakamela nawo ahlanganisiwe ekusabalaleni kwe-MERS, futhi abantu abavakashela eMpumalanga Ephakathi bayacelwa ukuba bagweme ukusebenzisana nalezi zilwane, ukuphuza ubisi babo nokudla inyama yamakamela angadliwayo. (Yebo, abantu badla inyama yekamela.)
I-MERS yaqala ukutholakala ngokomthetho e-Saudi Arabia ngo-Septhemba 2012. (Nakuba kungakaze kutholakale ngokusemthethweni, i-MERS icatshangwa ukuthi ivele ivele eJordani ngo-Ephreli 2012.) I-MERS igula ngokungakhethi, futhi abantu abaye bagula kule gciwane baqala eminyakeni yobudala kusukela kwabanesana kuya asebekhulile.
Kusukela ngo-2012, i-MERS ibulale abantu abangaba ngu-400 eSaudi Arabia.
Kwamanye abantu, i-MERS ibangela izifo noma izifo ezincane. Kwezinye, noma kunjalo, igciwane le-MERS libangelwa umkhuhlane, ukubola nokuphefumula. Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka kungenzeka zihlanganisa isicashu, ukuhlanza, i-pneumonia nokuhluleka kwezinso. Emaphesenti angaba ngu-30 kuya kwangu-40 alabo abathintekile, i-MERS ibangela ukulahlekelwa kwempilo.
I-MERS iyingozi kakhulu kulabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka, noma abantu abanezidakamizwa ezinobungozi (imithi yezokwelapha ngezifo ezikhona ngaphambili) ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ukungasebenzi kwamagciwane.
U-MERS Uthola Kanjani?
I-MERS itholakale isebenzisa inhlanganisela yomlando, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Ngokuyinhloko, uma usanda kuhambela eMpumalanga Ephakathi futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuphefumula, udokotela wakho kufanele acabange lokhu kuhlolisisa futhi ahlele ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okuphindaphindiwe. (Ngo-2013, ngemuva kokuthi i-FDA ikhishwe nokugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo, i-CDC yanikeza i-hardware ukuhlolwa kwe-MERS kwizikhungo ezinkulu ezibhedlela emhlabeni jikelele.)
Kulabo abathintekile, i-MERS ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingaba nguhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuze iqhubekele. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifo, lesi sifo sibonisile ngezinsuku ezimbili noma sekwephuzile ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ukuthunyelwa kokuthunyelwe.
I-MERS iphathwa kanjani?
Nakuba i-CDC ibheka ukuthuthukiswa komuthi wokugoma we-MERS, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-MERS okwamanje okwamanje. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abanalesi sifo banikezwa ukunakekelwa okusekelayo okubandakanya uketshezi, ukuphumula umoya nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ezindaweni lapho i-MERS ivame khona igqugquzelwa ukugqoka ubuso obuseduze nabangenwe igciwane.
Abantu abasengozini kufanele baphinde bahlaziye ngokungafanele, bagcine izandla zabo zihlanzekile futhi bagweme ukuxhumana okuthintana naye njengokumanga nokwabelana ngezinto eziphathekayo nabantu abangase babe ne-MERS.
Nakuba abantu abane-MERS nave kubonakala sengathi behlukanisiwe futhi baphathwa ekhaya, uma lesi sifo sibe yinkinga yangempela e-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, mhlawumbe sibheka isimo se-SARSesque.
Ngokuqondile, abantu abane-MERS kuzodinga ukuba babekwe eceleni ekamelweni lesibhedlela elihlomele u-aeration ozimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bezempilo abanakekela iziguli nge-MERS kuzodingeka bagqoke ama-masks futhi bathathe ezinye izivimbelo zokuvimbela.
Okokugcina, izivumelwano eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho nazo zizodingeka ukuze kugcinwe ama-ventilators, ama-nebulizers nokunye okunjalo.
Ingabe Usengozini yeMERS?
Ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwamuva eNingizimu Korea, abantu abangaphandle kweMpumalanga Ephakathi babhekwa njengengozi encane yokungena eMERS. Ngokwesibonelo, maphakathi no-2015, bekukhona amacala amabili kuphela e-MERS e-United States, kokubili phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo ababuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngokujwayelekile, abantu abane-MERS babesebenze kuphela ekutheleleni kakhulu omunye umuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukusabalalisa okusheshayo kwe-MERS eNingizimu Korea kunezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nezifo ze-epidemiologists emhlabeni jikelele ukucubungula kabusha ukusongelwa kwalesi sifo.
Ochwepheshe bayazibuza ukuthi amacala aseNingizimu Korea abangwa yini ngenxa yokuguquka kwesifo esithintekayo futhi esinamandla noma esibulalayo. Ochwepheshe bayazibuza ukuthi ngabe i-zero yesineke ekugqaseni kwaseNingizimu Korea, ibhizinisi lebhizinisi elineminyaka engu-68, "i-supercarrier" ngoba uye waqhubeka ukuthelela abantu abaningana (kufaka phakathi indodana yakhe). Ngamanye amazwi, le ndoda ingathatha imithwalo ephezulu yegciwane emagqumeni okuphefumula aphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yaqala ukuthelela owesilisa oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala owabe esehlaselwa abantu abangu-82! Okokugcina, abanye ochwepheshe bathi amaKorea ngokwabo baye bakhuphuka kakhulu kulokhu isifo.
Nakuba iningi labaseMelika nabaseYurophu cishe lisengozini enkulu ye-MERS, i-CDC namanye ama-ejensi wezempilo kanye nohulumeni asexwayise ngokusakazeka okungenzeka phakathi kwabantu abaya emazweni aseNtshonalanga aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu Korea manje. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-CDC ayincoma ukuthi noma ubani aguqule izinhlelo zakhe zokuhamba. Okuphawulayo, abahambayo ababuyayo abanezimpawu zokuphefumula bangahlukaniswa ngamasonto amabili.
Zonke izinto ezicatshangwayo, cishe ungengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-MERS ikakhulukazi uma ungahambanga kwelinye izwe.
Uma wena noma umuntu omthandayo ephethe izimpawu zokuphefumula futhi usanda kubuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNingizimu Korea noma nanoma yiliphi izwe eliye lahlangatshezwa nokudumbuzeka kwe-MERS, kubalulekile ukukwazisa udokotela ngokushesha. Ukwengeza, kuyadingeka ukuthi utshele umtholampilo noma abasebenzi basebhedlela ukuthi uyasola lesi sifo ukuze abasebenzi bezempilo bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo, kanti ezinye iziguli zingasuswa endaweni ngaphambi kokungena.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngokushesha nje uma usola uMERS, kufanele uhambe kuphela esibhedlela uphinde ubheke ezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Ukuvezwa komphakathi kungabangela izinkinga zempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, iKorea yaseKorea kwakudingeka igweme izinkulungwane zezikole nezibhedlela ngenxa yokwesaba ukusabalala okubanzi kweMERS.
Imithombo
I-Durrani TS, i-Harrison RJ. Izifo Zokusebenza. Ku: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. ama-eds. UKUHLOLA OKUPHAKATHI Nokwelashwa: Imithi yokuSebenzi nokuMvelo, 5e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Ithole ngo-Juni 07, 2015.
Isihloko esithi "South Korea Scrambles Yokugcina i-MERS Virus" ngu-Owen Dyer eshicilelwe ku-BMJ ngo-2015. Ukutholakala ngo-6/7/2015.