Izinhlobo ezinesibindi kanye nezisebenzayo zesifo sofuba (i-TB) zidinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, njenge-isoniazid ne-rifampin. Ukulinganisa kanye nobude bemithi yakho yesidakamizwa kuzohlukahluka ngokuya kwecala lakho kanye nempilo yonke, kodwa kufanele ulindele ukuthatha imithi yakho (izinyanga) ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Isifo sofuba ngezinye izikhathi singamelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kungase kungakhululwa ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma imiyalo ingalandelwa kule ncwadi.
Ngenhlanhla, iningi labantu abanesandulela ngculazi aliguli. Babamba ama-bacteria, kodwa abanayo izimpawu futhi abahambisani naso.
Imigomo
Imithi elwa namagciwane iyindlela kuphela yokwelapha isifo sofuba, kodwa inkambo edingekile ayifani neyodwa ongabekwa yona ngesinye isizathu. Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic wesifo sofuba kufana nesimo sesifo somuntu siqu kanye nempilo ejwayelekile, kodwa kuzohlale kunezinyanga ezimbalwa esikhathini eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-TB yamuva
Ngenkathi i-TB evulekile ingakwazi ukusakazwa kwabanye, labo abanalo basengozini yokutheleleka ukutheleleka okusebenzayo okubili okusobala futhi okuthekisanayo. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-3 ukuya ku-5 amaphesenti abantu abane-TB evulekile bahlakulele i-TB esebenzayo ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokuhlolwa okuhle; cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kuma-15 amaphuzu akhula kamuva.
Ukwamukela ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esifushane esinciphisa kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba okwenza lokhu.
Udokotela wakho cishe uzokubeka enkampanini yenyanga eyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ye-antibiotic isoniazid. Ukwelashwa okunye kuyizinyanga ezintathu ze-rifampin, enye imithi yokwelapha yomlomo.
I-TB esebenzayo
I-TB esebenzayo ivame ukuphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemithi emine yamaviki ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8, ilandelwa imithi emibili isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.
Ngaphezu kwe-isoniazid ne-rifampin, lo mgomo uhlanganisa i-ethambutol ne-pyrazinamide.
Izilinganiso zalezi zidakamizwa ziyonqunywa yiziphi ezinye zezindaba zezempilo ongase ube nazo neminye imithi ongayithatha. Iziguli ezithatha imishanguzo ye-antiviral ye-HIV, isibonelo, kungadingeka ukuthi ushintshe imithi ukugwema imiphumela emibi engozini. Isikhathi sokwelashwa singabuye sishintshe ngokusekelwe kulezi zici.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa ze-TB zingaba nemiphumela emibi, ongase uzizwe ngokuya ngezidakamizwa ozithathayo nokuzwela kwakho kubo. Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, imiphumela emibi ingafaka okulandelayo. Qiniseka ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu noma yini enye engavamile:
- Ukungabi nesifiso
- I-nausea
- Ukuvota
- I-Yellowing yesikhumba noma amehlo
- Fever izinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Iminwe noma iminwe
- Ukukhwabanisa isikhumba
- Ukuphuma okulula noma ukulimaza
- Ukuhlanganisa amajoyina
- Isizungu
- Ukulinganisa noma ukuphazamiseka emlonyeni
- Ibonisiwe noma ishintshwe umbono
- Ukukhala ezindlebeni
- Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa
Izinselelo
Ngezinye izikhathi uzoba nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi ukuze ubone ukuthi imithi yakho isebenza yini. Lokhu kungafaka igazi, i-phlegm, noma izivivinyo zomchamo, kanye ne-X-rays esifubeni. Isidingo salokhu kumangaza abaningi.
Uma i-antibiotic ihluleka ukubulala wonke amabhaktheriya ekuhloswe ngawo, amabhaktheriya asele angakwazi ukumelana nomuthi othile.
Lokhu kungenzeka nge ukwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo se-bacterial, kodwa ikakhulukazi inkinga ngesifo sofuba. Uma, ngalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uyasho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho akuphuculanga njengokuthenjelwa, isilinganiso sakho, isikhathi sokwelashwa, noma ngisho nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo zingashintshwa.
Ukuphikiswa kubhekene nokukhathazeka ikakhulu lapho i-TB ingasabeli kokubili i-isoniazid ne-rifampin, imithi emibili evame ukusetshenziswa ukulawula lesi sifo. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, icala lakho libizwa ngokuthi yi -TB eminingi engaxilanga izidakamizwa (i-MDR TB) .
Ukuze uqhubeke ucindezela izindaba, ezinye izinhlobo ze-TB azigcini nje ngokumelene nemithi yokulwa namagciwane okuqala, kepha izinketho ezilandelayo ezikhethiwe uma kunjalo, njenge-fluoroquinolones kanye nemithi ejoqwayo i-amikacin, i-kanamycin ne-capreomycin.
Ezinye izidakamizwa ezimbili, i-bedaquiline ne-linezolid, zibhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa okungeziwe emithini yokwelapha yamanje emelana nezidakamizwa.
Uma i-TB imelana nayo yonke imithi, ibizwa ngokuthi i -TB engapheli kakhulu yezidakamizwa (i-XDR TB) .
I-TB engamelana negciwane ingenzeka uma isiguli singaqedi ukwelashwa okugcwele (noma bangaphuthelwa ama-dose noma bayeka izifundo zakuqala), noma lapho abahlinzeki bezempilo bebeka umthamo ongalungile noma ubude be-antibiotic. Ukuphikiswa kubuye kuvamile kubantu abane-HIV. I-MDR TB ne-XDR TB zixhaphake kakhulu emazweni lapho izidakamizwa zivame ukuba yizinga elibi noma azikho nhlobo.
Uma unenkathazo ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba iqondisiwe, tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Ukuvimbela Ukudluliswa
Uma une-TB esebenzayo, kuzodingeka uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukudlulisa lesi sifo:
- Hlala ekhaya kuze umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo athi ungabuyela esikoleni noma emsebenzini.
- Gwema ukuxhumana nabanye abantu ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kudokotela wakho athi ungaba nezivakashi. Gqoka mask yokuhlinzwa lapho ushiya ikhaya noma unesivakashi.
- Beka zonke izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe esikhwameni sokudoba esivaliwe ngaphambi kokulahla.
- Ungabelani izitsha noma ibhulashi lamazinyo kunoma ubani omunye; hlamba izandla zakho njalo.
- Njalo ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungathatha kanjani imithi yakho encwadini.
Uzocelwa ukuba ulandele lezi zinyathelo zokuqapha kuze kube sobala ukuthi uphendula ekwelapheni futhi awukhokhisi. Ngemuva kwesonto noma ezimbili zokwelapha nge-antibiotics efanele, abantu abaningi bancane amathuba okusakaza lesi sifo. Uma uhlala noma usebenza nabantu abasengozini enkulu (njengezingane ezincane noma abantu abane-AIDS), kungase kudingeke ukuba uhlolwe isifo sakho se-sputum ukuze ubone ukuthi ingabe isengozini sokusabalalisa isifo sesiphelile.
Abantu abaningi abanesifo abasadingeki babhedlela ngenxa yokwelashwa kulezi zinsuku. Ukwakhiwa kwezibhedlela ngokuvamile kunconywa kubantu abanesifo esithile esibi, bahlala ezimweni ezikude, noma bengenawo indawo efanelekayo (abangenamakhaya, isibonelo).
Isigulane se-TB esibhedlela singase sikhululwe ekhaya kodwa sisasakazeka, singanikezi muntu ekhaya lomuntu esengozini enkulu ye-TB esebenzayo (abagulayo, asebekhulile, noma izingane).
Abantu abakuthola kunzima ukukhumbula ukuthatha amaphilisi abo bavame ukwelashwa ngokucophelela (DOT), lapho isisebenzi sezempilo siphathisa imithi nsuku zonke futhi ilinde isiguli.
Uma uhlala noma usebenza nomuntu onesifo esikhuthele noma une-immune system, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesilonda se-TB.
Okokugcina, ngenkathi kunomgomo wokuvimbela i-TB, ebizwa ngokuthi i-bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa e-United States. Ngesinye isikhathi kunconywa abantu abasebenza ezibhedlela noma izingane ezihlala ziveza abantu abadala abane-TB esebenzayo noma i-TB emelana nezidakamizwa eziningi, kodwa akuyona into ejwayelekile.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba. Isifo sofuba (i-TB).
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-TB engaxilisi i-TB. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/drtb/default.htm
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukuhlala Kulandelwa Ngesifo sofuba . https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/pamphlets/tb_trtmnt.pdf
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-TB. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/tbdisease.htm
> I-Johns Hopkins Health Library. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/infectious_diseases/tuberculosis_tb_85,P00654
> I-Merck Manual, I-Consumer Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-leprosy/tuberculosis-tb#v785390
> I-World Health Organization. Isifo sofuba. http://www.who.int/tb/en/