Isifo sofuba (i-TB) yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi- Mycobacterium isifo sofuba , i-bacterium ekhula futhi ihlukanise ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Ukutheleleka, okuqala emaphashini, kubangela ama-nodules abizwa ngokuthi ama-tubercles. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sifo singasakazeka kwezinye izitho, kuhlanganise nezinso, ubuchopho, nomgogodla. Ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa isifo sofuba, nakuba ukwelashwa akusiyo njalo elula noma ephumelelayo.
I-TB akuyona into evame ukugonywa e-United States futhi ingaba yingozi lapho ishiywe ingalashwa.
Umlando omfushane
I-TB iseduze namashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa" ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu okungabangela. Ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1940, lapho i-streptomycin yama-antibiotic itholakele, kwakuningi okungenziwa ngenxa yokugula. Umoya omusha, ukudla okunomsoco okuhle nokukhanya kwelanga kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuyasiza, kepha akuzange kusebenze ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bazama ukususa iphaphu eligulayo. Kusukela ekhulwini lama-17 kuya kwele-19, kukholelwa ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabayisihlanu wabulawa yisifo sofuba.
Namanje ungumbulali ohola phambili emhlabeni wonke, isifo sofuba asivame kakhulu e-United States kunokuba sasikhona, nakuba ukutheleleka kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwezikhungo zokulawulwa nokuvimbela izifo (CDC), amacala angu-9 272 we-TB abikwa e-United States ngo-2016.
Ukuvuselela kabusha kwe-TB e-United States kuye kwachazwa ukuthi yingxenye yokuhamba uye emazweni lapho i-TB ikhona khona, kanye nokuhlangana nesifo se-HIV.
Izimpawu
Uma umuntu onempilo ethola igciwane lesifo sofuba, amasosha omzimba omzimba azovame ukuguqula ukutheleleka futhi abangele ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-TB angene kwifomu engasebenzi engabangeli izimpawu futhi angenasifo; lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-TB okulindelekile.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale ne-TB evulekile ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ifomu elisebenzayo lesi sifo.
Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka, noma kunjalo, ukutheleleka kungasebenza, kubangele izimpawu nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-3 kuya ku-5% abantu bahlakulela i-TB ekhuthele phakathi nonyaka kokuthola imiphumela emihle ekuhlolweni kwesilonda se-TB.
Uphawu lokusayina lwe-TB ekhuthele ukukhwehlela okubi okukhiqiza i-phlegm enegazi futhi kungadlulela amasonto amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, umkhuhlane, ukukhukhumeza, nokuthunga ebusuku.
Izimbangela
Isifo sofuba yisifo esithinta umoya, sisakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngamaconsi akhishwe emoyeni ngemva kokuba umuntu ophefumulayo ekhwehlela, ahlambalaza noma ahlabe. Ingozi yokutheleleka inkulu kunalabo abachitha isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezivaliwe-njengendiza, ibhasi, noma indawo encane yokuhlala-nabantu abanegciwane.
I-TB yinkinga enkulu yezempilo emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni. Kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi "isifo sobumpofu" ngoba sivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinselele zomnotho eziholela ekuphileni okugcwele, ukungondleki, nokuningi. Nakuba isifo sofuba singatholakali kakhulu e-United States, sisalokhu sinenkinga kwizibhedlela, emajele, nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, lapho kunezimo ezinabantu abaningi.
Labo abanamasosha omzimba obuthakathaka basengozini enkulu ye-TB. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingane, asebekhulile, labo abanezifo ezithinteka ekuzivikelweni komzimba noma isimo (njenge-HIV), labo abathwala izidakamizwa zokuzivivinya (njengokwelashwa kwesifo esizimele noma emva kokufakelwa komzimba), nabantu abaphathwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma usola ukuthi une-TB esebenzayo, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ahlele ukuhlolwa kwe-TB . Isivame kakhulu-esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba iMantoux, esenziwa ngokujova amancane amabhaktheriya e-TB ngaphansi kwesikhumba esihlokweni sakho. Uma une-immune response, ukuvuvukala kuzoholela endaweni yokujova ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kunganikezwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvezwa kwamabhaktheriya (ngaphambi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangu-10) ukuze impendulo yomzimba igxilwe. Uma uhlola ukuthi ulungile, uzohlolwa okunye, kufaka phakathi i-X-ray yesifuba kanye nesiko lesibhaktheriya noma ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-sputum ekhukhumezekile (i-phlegm).
Kukhona nokuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-TB, eyaziwa njengezivivinyo zokukhululwa kwe-interferon gamma (IGRAs), nakuba zingasetshenziswanga njalo.
Ukwelapha
Isifo sofuba siphathwa ngama-antibiotics . Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 okuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezine, okulandelwa iminye imithi emibili, isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye. Inkambo ngqo enikezwe kuwe ixhomeke esimweni sakho nasempilo yonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wezokwelapha nge-TB, ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu zingene. Imithi egcwele yama-antibiotic iyadingeka ukubulala wonke amabhaktheriya e-TB. Ukwehluleka ukuqedela inkambo egcwele kungaholela ekwelapheni okungasebenzi, isikhathi eside sokugula, kanye ne-TB emelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, ongakhetha ukwelashwa okungasebenzi kahle futhi abe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunezidakamizwa zokuqala.
Ukuvimbela Ukudluliswa
Uma uthola ukuxilongwa kahle kwesifo sofuba, uzobe ufundiswa ukuba ungangeni emsebenzini noma esikoleni kuze kudokotela wakho anqume ukuthi awusenasifo esithathelwanayo (ngokuvamile cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokuqala ukwelashwa, kodwa lokhu kungathatha amasonto ayisithupha). Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, gcina ibanga lakho kubantu oxhumana nabo njalo. Khumbula ukukhwehlela zibe izicubu bese uyilahla esikhwameni esisindiwe.
Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ezine-TB esebenzayo ziyahlolwa futhi ziphathwe ekamelweni elikhethekile lokuzihlukanisa esibhedlela elicindezelwa ukukhawulela abanye. Ngemuva kokukhululwa esibhedlela, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zizokunikeza imihlahlandlela yokubuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni. Abantu oxhumana nabo kufanele bahlolwe ukutheleleka.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba esisebenzayo singasabisa, ukubikezela kuhle. Izimo eziningi ze-TB ziyaphiliswa futhi ziphulukiswe uma nje ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho bese uthatha imithi yakho njengoba nje enqunyiwe.
> Imithombo:
> Izikhungo zokuLawula izifo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sofuba. Isifo sofuba (i-TB). https://www.cdc.gov/tb/?404 ;https://www.cdc.gov:443/tb/default
> Ama- CA, et al. I-Microbiology yezokwelapha. 1993. Incwadi Yonyaka ka-Mosby-Europe Limited. ELondon.
> Salyers AA no-Whitt DD. I-Pathogenesis ye-bacterium: Indlela Yengqamuzana. 1994. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC
> I- World Health Organization. Isifo sofuba. http://www.who.int/tb/en/