Izinyoni zezinyoni. Akuzona nje izinyoni kuphela.
Ngokuvamile kuthinta izinyoni namapulazi, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta okuningi.
I-Bird Flu itholakale futhi emhlabeni wonke, kusukela eChina kuya eGibhithe kuya eBurkina Faso kuya e-Iowa. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakhathazeka kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo, sikhathazeka, zingase zihlanganise futhi zifanane noma ziguqule futhi zibe inkinga enkulu nakakhulu - hhayi nje izinyoni, kepha kuthi abantu.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Ze-Flu
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze- Flu . Abanye batholakala cishe njalo kubantu. Abanye ikakhulukazi ezinyoni noma izinja noma izingulube. Ezinye zingawela phakathi kwezilwane - futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangela ukuxubana nokulingana, okwenzela uhlobo lwe-nastier. Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane ungahlala ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane futhi ube nesifo esithathelwanayo futhi / noma esiyingozi phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Kube khona izinhlobo eziningi ezikhathazayo ze-Bird Flu. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala zijikeleza ezinyoni ezifudukayo nasemapulazini emhlabeni wonke ukusuka eChina ukuya eGibhithe kuya eBurkina Faso. I-Canadian Geese kanye neziqephu zamaqanda ezinamapulazi ezinkukhu e-US babenomunye uhlobo.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-Bird flu ezisikhathazayo kakhulu zinamagama afana ne-H5N1, H5N2, H7N9, H5N6. Bafaka ingozi yokubangela izifo zabantu.
Kungani le ndaba?
Lokhu akuyona nje umbuzo wamanani amaqanda. Ukuxuba okuhambisana nokulingana kwezinsiza ze-Bird Flu, ukuhweba ezungeze i-H no-N, kungase kudale uhlobo olusha, olunzima.
Umkhuhlane othile unciphisa abaningi (H1N1) kanti amanye abulala abaningi aphethwe (H5N1). Sikhathazeka ngokuthi usuku olulodwa uhlobo olulodwa lungenza kokubili.
Iningi lezinyoni eziwumkhuhlane wezinyoni lihlala phakathi kwezinyoni. Kuye kwaba nezinkinga ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi eChina, eziye zasuka ezinyoni zaya kubantu zaze zathuthuka kubantu. Ngenhlanhla, akukhona amacala amaningi asakazekile njengalokhu - futhi lezi zinkinga azibonakali zisakazeka ngokushesha.
Ukwesaba ukuthi isikhathi esisodwa, emva kwamathuba adingekayo, ukudluliselwa kwezinyoni zezinyoni ezivela emzimbeni-umuntu kungaba ngcono futhi kuholele ekuqhumeni okukhulu. Kunezinye izinkinga - i-H5N1 ne-H7N9 - eseduze kakhulu nokusithinta-futhi ingaba yingozi ngempela.
Ngokuqondene neFluid Flu ekusakazeni manje, kufanele ulandele njalo izinyathelo zokuphepha zokudla ozenza njalo - nge-salmonella nezinye izingozi zebhaktheriya. Akukhona okunye okuphathelene nokuthi okwamanje.
Okudingayo ukwazi nge-Bird Flu
Kube khona amacala we-H5N1 ne-H7N9 asakazeka phakathi kwabantu. NgoJanuwari 2015, amacala okuqala omkhuhlane we-avian (H7N9) atholakala eNyakatho Melika kubanikazi ababili ababuya e-China eBrithani Columbia, Canada. Laba bantu babebhekene nohlobo lwe-Bird Flu olwenyuka kubantu.
Yini edabukisayo ngaleyo fukhu?
Kungabangela ukugula komkhuhlane okhudlwana kunamanye amagciwane e-influenza. Kungabangela ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula kwabanye abantu, nakuba abaningi benza kahle ngokutheleleka. Ukufa kunakho
bekungaba ngu-1 ku-3. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane elihluke kakhulu kunabanye.
I-Bird Flu nayo inezimo zomnotho. Uma izinkukhu zezinyoni zihlasela izinkukhu zezinkukhu, izindleko zama-egg ziqhuma. Izigidi zezinyoni zingase zikhule, njengoba zaziseMidwest of the US.
Amapulazi amakhulu ezinkukhu ezokuthengisa eziseduze.
Ingabe yasakazeka?
Cha. Akusakazeki kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Akuzange kusakazeke lapho bevakashela izikhungo zezempilo noma lapho begibela khona ngezindiza. Eqinisweni, bahamba ngaphambi kokuba babe nezimpawu ngakho kwakungekho ukukhathazeka ngakho ekusakazeni indiza eya eCanada.
Kungenzeka yini futhi futhi?
Yebo. Kukhona amacala angaphezu kwangu-500 eH7N9 emhlabeni wonke - ikakhulukazi kusukela e-China main kusukela ngoMashi 2013, kodwa naseMalaysia kanye naseHong Kong naseTaiwan.
Kungenzeka yini ukusakaza kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu?
Kungenzeka, kodwa akuvamile. Kungase kusakazeke kancane kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, kodwa kuvame ukuvela ezinkukhu kuya kubantu.
Yini eyenza lokhu kuhluke kumkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zegciwane. Ezinye azikhathazi njengabanye.
Kubantu, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zegciwane. Umkhuhlane Uhlobo C lubangela kuphela ukugula okuncane okuphefumula. Akufakiwe emitholampilo. Uhlobo lwe-Influenza B lungabangela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, kodwa akukaze kube nezifo ezinkulu. Kufakwe emitholampilo.
Bobabili uhlobo lwe-C no-B luhlasela abantu, kodwa hhayi izilwane eziningi. Abanalo izilwanyana ezinkulu zezilwane.
Umkhuhlane we-Influenza A ubuhlungu kakhulu. Izinkinga zibhalwe ngezinombolo ze-H no-N-njenge-H5N1, H7N9. Lawa ma-H ne-N abeka ama-proteine ahlukene (okuthiwa i-H for hemagglutinin ne-N ye-neuraminidase) ebusweni bomkhuhlane. I-Influenza A ingaxuba futhi ihambisane no-H no-N phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-avian influenza ziwuhlobo lwe-Influenza A. Inhlanzi yezinja iyinhlobo A. Umkhuhlane we-Influenza A utholakala kubantu, ezingulube nasezinyoni - ikakhulukazi izinyoni zamanzi, njengamadada, ama-swans, ama-gulls, namahansi, kodwa futhi nezinkukhu, njengezinkukhu. Itholakala futhi nasezingulube.
I-Bird Flu Mix and Match iyenjani?
Lezi zinkinga ziyaxuba futhi zifanise nezinamba zamaprotheni ayisihluthulelo ebusweni bezinhlayiyana zegciwane. Ngokuqondile, lezi zihlanganisa amaprotheni amabili: i-hemagglutinin (H) ne-neuraminidase (N). Kunezinhlobo ezingu-18 ze-hemagglutinin subtypes (ezibalwe njenge-H1-18) kanye ne-neuraminidase subtypes engu-11 (N1-N11). I-Influenza A amagciwane aqanjwe yizinhlamvu nezinombolo, njenge-H7N9 ne-H1N1. Ukukhathazeka ukuthi amaprotheni angavamile angama-influenza ezinomkhuhlane wezinyoni angaxuba futhi ahambelane nezinkinga kubantu, enezela izinguquko amasosha ethu omzimba akukwazi ukusibona nokusivikela.
I-Influenza A ingabhekiswa njengengcindezi yomuntu, kodwa futhi ingabhekiselwa njengengcindezi ezivela ezinyoni (noma izingulube). Isilwane semvelaphi - udada, inkukhu, umuntu, ingulube - ihlelwe ukuhlonza uhlobo.
Zikhona yini ezinye izinhlobo ze-Fluvian Flu?
Yebo, ikakhulukazi, kukhona i-H5N1 ye-strain. Kube khona amacala angaphezu kwezingu-700 emazweni angu-15 kusukela ngo-2003. Ukufa sekuyi-60%. Igciwane alisakazeki phakathi kwabantu. Amacala avela ekuthintaneni nezinyoni. Amacala amaningi ayenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule e-Indonesia, eVietnam, eCambodia naseGibhithe. Leli gciwane laqala ukubonakala kubantu eHong Kong ngo-1997 ngemuva kokutholakala kwamazinga aphezulu okufa kwezinyoni ngo-1996 eningizimu yeChina. I-virus kamuva yabuye yavela ngo-2003.
Amanye amazwe asakaze kakhulu i-H5N1 ezinkukhu zabo kuhlanganise neBangladesh, eChina, eGibhithe, eNdiya, e-Indonesia naseVietnam. Izinyoni zitholakale ne-H5N1 ezinxenyeni eziningi ze-Europe futhi
Afrika.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-H5N1 litholakala endakeni yasendle edutshulwa ngoJanuwari 2015 eNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-US, e-Washington. Kodwa kwakungeyona into efanayo ye-H5N1 eyayisiyingozi kakhulu kubantu futhi
akucaci ukuthi yisiphi isifo esizoyikhiqiza kubantu. Kuye kwaba khona nokuqhuma kwe-H5N1 eBrithani Columbia, eCanada emhlambini wezinkukhu zasemuva kodwa akucaci ukuthi ngabe leli fomu le-H5N1 liyoba njani
kuyingozi kubantu.
Kwakungekho izifo zomuntu ezihlobene nezinkukhu ezithathelwana eNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okunye kwabonakala eCanada kumhambi obuyela emuva evela eBeijing, eChina owashona ngoJanuwari 2015. Leli yilokho lokuqala nelokuphela kweH5N1 eNyakatho Melika.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zemifino ezithathelwana abantu ezifaka i-H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, ne-H10N8, nakuba uhlobo lokugcina luthelele umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Kwakukhona ukufa ngo-2015 eChina owesifazane oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala kusukela ku-H5N6, okungeyona enye icala eyayithinte izinyoni ngaphambili.
Iziningi ezinye izimo ze-Bird Flu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziphakathi kwabantu noma izinyoni, zaqala ukubonakala e-Asia, kodwa manje
watholakala emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezinyoni ezifudukayo noma ezinkukhu zokulima.