Ngo-Mashi ka-2011, ingozi eFukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant eFukushima, eJapane-eyabangelwa yi-tsunami yokuzamazama komhlaba ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba-yabangela ukukhishwa kwemisebe nokudonswa kwemishini yomsakazo eJapane nasezindaweni eziphansi isitsha zenuzi.
Izingozi zezitshalo zenyukliya ezifana neFukushima kanye nomphumela wengozi ka-1986 eChernobyl ekukhululweni kwe-iodine-131.
Ukuvezwa kwe-iodine-131 yomsakazo kuyingozi eyaziwayo yesifo somdlavuza we- thyroid , kanti izingozi zikhulu kakhulu uma ukuvezwa kwenzeka ezinsaneni, izingane kanye nentsha. Ingabe kukhona isizathu sokukhathazeka, futhi uma kunjalo, yini engenziwa?
Ucwaningo
I-spike enkulu ebusheni kuya emantwaneni yesifo somdlavuza we-adolescence yabonakala eminyakeni emihlanu emva kwengozi yaseChernobyl . Lesi sigameko sasiphezulu ezindaweni ezifana neBelarus, eyayisendleleni yokuwa kwezinto zenuzi zeChernobyl, kodwa abanikazi babo ababengavikeleki nge-potassium iodide treatment. (Ezinye izindawo ezingaphansi kweChernobyl, njengePoland, zathola amaphilisi e-potassium iodide evikelayo , okuvikela i-thyroid ukuba inganaki i-iodine enomswakama uma ithathwa emahoreni ngaphambi nangemva kokuvezwa.)
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuhlangenwe nakho kweChernobyl nokukhathazeka komphakathi eJapane, i-Fukushima Health Management Survey yasungulwa ngoJulayi ka-2011 ukuze ihlolwe izingozi zokuvezwa kwemisebe kubantu.
Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid ultrasound enkulu yabantu abazungeze iFukushima ngomzamo wokuthola umdlavuza we-thyroid ongase ube khona.
Abacwaningi baseJapane bazama ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuhlolisana phakathi kwengozi yomgwaqo we-Fukushima nanoma yikuphi ukwanda okulandelayo emalini omdlavuza wegciwane endaweni yabantu baseFukushima.
Imiphumela yokuqala yayibhekene nabacwaningi, abathola ukuthi ingxenye yesihloko esihlolwe ngayo yayinezinkinga ze-thyroid ezingaba okwamanje ezinomdlavuza noma zibe nomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo. Uhlolo olulodwa lwe-epidemiological lwabikwa ngo-2015 ukuthi izinga lomdlavuza wegciwane emantwaneni kaFukushima lalingaphezu kuka-600 ngesigidi ngasinye, uma izinga elilindeleke liyizibalo ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-3 ezinganeni ezizigidi.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kodwa, nakuba kunomdlavuza wegciwane okwandisiwe, kuncane kakhulu kunokwanda okuphawulekayo okwenzeka ngemva kweChernobyl. Lokhu kuye kwaholela abacwaningi ukuba baphethe ngokuthi "ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni zaseFukushima kuncane kakhulu kunezo ezivela engozini yaseChernobyl, futhi akukho bufakazi obunamandla bokusekela ubuhlobo bomdlavuza wegciwane lesifo se-thyroid ngokutholakala kwemisebe eFukushima kuyatholakala kuze kube manje."
I-Cancer engaphezulu ye-Thyroid, noma Ukuthola Okungcono Ku-Fukushima?
Abanye abacwaningi baseJapane baye babonisa ukuthi i-thyroid ultrasound esezingeni eliphakeme elisetshenziselwa ukubukwa kwe-Fukushima inamandla okuthola ama-nodules encane kunazo zonke-eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-microcarcinomas-futhi lokho okulinganiselwa kwangaphambili kokusabalalisa kwama-nodules we-thyroid kuvela ekuhlolweni okuncane kakhulu.
Bathi ama-nodules amaningi-futhi ekugcineni, umdlavuza we -roid ngaphezulu-uzotholakala kulabo abavezwa njengabantwana ekunqobeni kukaFukushima.
Kodwa bathi inkokhelo yesilinganiso somdlavuza we -roid empeleni iyimbangela yokuhlola okubucayi nokubanzi okuqhutshwa kuFukushima, ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwesilinganiso somdlavuza wegciwane ngenxa yengozi yenyukliya. Basikisela ukuthi umdlavuza we -roid ngaphezulu uzotholakala ngoba abacwaningi nezakhamuzi zaseFukushima bawufuna, futhi basebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlola okubucayi ukuze bayithole.
Le nkinga ibonisa izingxabano ezifanayo ezenzeka e-United States, lapho kunezibalo ezikhulayo zomdlavuza we-thyroid ezibhekwa ngamathuluzi okubona okuzwelayo okukwazi ukuthola ama-microcarcinomas, hhayi ukwanda okwenziwe emdlalweni we-cancer yomdlavuza.
Ngokuqondene nokutholwa kukaFukushima, uPeter Kopp, MD, umhleli wephephandaba i- Thyroid kanye noProfesa weMithi, i-Division of Endocrinology, i-Metabolism, ne-Molecular Medicine, e-Chicago Northwestern University, wathi lokhu:
Ukutadisha ngokucophelela izingozi zenuzi eChernobyl naseFukushima ezindabeni zezempilo nemiphakathi kuyaqhubeka nokufundisa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi ingozi yeFukushima ibangele ukwanda kwe-carcinomas ye-thyroid, okuthola ukuthi kuqhathaniswa nokubona ngemva kwengozi yaseChernobyl. Isibalo esiphezulu sezinyosi ze-thyroid esitholakale ngokuhlolisiswa komphakathi waseFukushima sigcizelela izinselelo ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokuhlola.
Kodwa-ke, noma yisiphi isiphetho esinqunyiwe singaba yisikhathi esingaphansi, futhi siqhubeke sibheka abantu baseFukushima, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuningiliziwe kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuphikisana kwezifo ze-carcinomas yegciwane, kubalulekile.
Izwi elivela
Ngesikhathi abacwaningi baseJapane bengakaqali ukwanda okuphawulekayo emdlalweni wekhanda we-thyroid okubangelwa ngqo engozini yenukliya yeFukushima, bakhombisa nokuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe isimo.
Ekugcineni, izifundo ezengeziwe ze-epidemiological zizosiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuvezwa kwe-iodine-i-radioodine-131 emva kokuba uFukushima enesisindo ngokwanele okwenyusa ukwanda komdlavuza we -roid-njengokungathi kwenzeke ngemva kweChernobyl-noma uma ukwanda kungumkhiqizo nje yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wegciwane lesifo se-thyroid.
> Imithombo:
> IKhomishane Yomhlaba Wonke Yezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo 2009 Ukusebenzisa Izincomo ZomKhomishane Wokuvikelwa Kwebantu Ezimo Eziphuthumayo Zokuziveza. Ukushicilelwa kwe-ICRP 109. Ann. I-ICRP 39. 2009.
> Ikomidi leSayensi YeZizwe Ezihlangene Imiphumela Ye-Atomic Radiation. "Imithombo nemiphumela yemisebe ye-ionizing." I-UNSCEAR 2008 Bika kuMhlangano Wezizwe Ezihlangene ngezihlonzi zesayensi. Umqulu II, isitha Scientific D: Imiphumela yezempilo ngenxa yemisebe yengozi yaseChernobyl. I-United Nations, eNew York, NY. 2011.
> Yamashita S, Thomas G (eds). Izingozi Zomdlavuza We-Thyroid Nezingozi Zenyukliya: Izinkinga Zesikhathi Eside ZaseChernobyl naseFukushima. I-Academic Press, i-Elsevier, Inc., iCambridge, MA. 2017.
> Yamashita, S et. al. "Izifundo ezivela kuFukushima: Ukutholakala Kamuva Kwegciwane Le-Thyroid Ngemuva kweNhlekelele Yezimboni ZaseNyukliya Fukushima." I-Thyroid. Umqulu 28, Inombolo 1, 2017 UMary Ann Liebert, Inc. INGABE: 10.1089 / thy.2017.0283