Izithombe ze-Mammogram ezivamile futhi ezingavamile

Yini Imisipha Yomzimba Ebukeka NjengamaMammogram?

Abantu abaningi bahlela isimiso sabo semvelo, kodwa uyazi yini ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-radiologists zifunani kulezi zithombe? Ungayitshela kanjani umehluko phakathi kwezicubu ezivamile zesifuba, izicubu ze-fibrocystic, nomdlavuza wesifuba kulezi zithombe?

Ake sibuke ezinye zezinto ezitholakalayo ezivamile emzimbeni ongakufunda embikweni wakho, nokuthi kungani kunzima ngezinye izikhathi ukwazi ukuthi ukungajwayelekile kuyinkinga noma cha ngaphandle kwezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-breast ultrasound, isifuba I-MRI, noma i-breast biopsy.

1 -

I-Breast Tissue ejwayelekile yesiMammogram

Abaningi besifazane bazoba nomzimba wabo wokuqala obuneminyaka engama-40, futhi lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo esihle sokuqhathanisa izithombe zakho esikhathini esizayo.

Kunemihlahlandlela eminingi yokuhlola umdlavuza webele, eyahlukahluka kuye ngenhlangano eyenza izincomo. I-American College of Obstetrics ne-Gynecology incoma ukuhlolwa kwonyaka ukuqala eminyakeni engama-40. I-American Cancer Society inconywa izinyanga zeminyaka eziphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 no-54, kanti i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhuthaza ukunyusa kwamanye amazwe unyaka ngamunye phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-74. "Okukhethwa kukho okungcono" kuwe yilokho wena nodokotela wakho enquma khona ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni zakho ezithile nezingozi.

Ukuba ne-mammogram eyisisekelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvamisa yamammograms akho iyasiza kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabele wesifazane angashintsha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokubeletha, elandela isifuba sebele, noma ngezimpande zesifuba. Kuyinto evamile ukuthola izibani ezinobuningi, ama-cysts, izixuku, izibalo, noma izicubu ezinomsoco.

Ama-mammograms asiza ekutholeni ngokushesha nasekuhlolweni komdlavuza wesifuba. Izindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezithombeni zesimomogram zihambisana nezicubu ezivamile namafutha amathumbu ezinamahlombe nama-dope ne-lobes, ngokulandelana. Izixuku zesisu zizobonakala zimhlophe ngoba zibuhlungu kunezinye izici esiswini.

Lesi sithombe singumuthi we-fatty, ojwayelekile wabesifazane asebekhulile, abangenawo amathishu amaningi. Ukuxilonga izilonda ezingavamile, izilonda ezinobungozi, noma umdlavuza webele kunembile kakhulu uma kwenziwa kubantu besifazane abanezibilini ezingenabuthi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane asebekhulile.

2 -

I-Dens Breens Tissue ejwayelekile ye-Breast Mammogram

Abesifazane abasha, ikakhulukazi labo abangakaze babe nabantwana, ngokuvamile babe nezicubu zesifuba ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla. Isifuba esinyene senza kube nzima ukufunda umfanekiso we-mammographic. Imishini yamammography ingashintshwa kumfanekiso osindayo noma amafutha, kepha ama-mammograms abhekwa njengelungile kunamafutha amaningi nakwabesifazane abadala.

Lesi sithombe se-mammogram sibonisa ama-mammogram amabili amabele ajwayelekile. Izindawo ezimnyama yizicubu ezinamafutha, izindawo zokukhanya ziyizicubu ezinamandla eziqukethe amadada, i-lobes, nezinye izici. Izindawo ezilula zomzimba wembulunga ziveza izicubu zesifuba ezingase zibe yizicucu (ingxenye yesistimu yobisi) noma izixuku zebele.

Abesifazane be-Premenopausal, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abangakaze bakhulelwe, bangase babe nezicubu ezincelisayo zesifuba. Ngenxa yokuthi amabele anamafutha alula kakhulu ukuze asebenze, izicubu ezincelisayo zesibindi zingase zifihla izikhathi ezivela ezindaweni ezidinga ukutadisha okusondelene. Uma indawo ethile idinga isithombe esingcono, i- breast ultrasound ngokuvamile isinyathelo esilandelayo.

Kwabesifazane abasha abanomlando oqinile womdlavuza webele, noma labo abaziwa ukuthi banezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi, i-MRI yebele ikwazi ukunikeza izithombe ezingcono kakhulu uma izicubu ezincelisayo zesifuba zikhona.

3 -

Izibalo zesisu kwiMammogram

Kulo mfanekiso wesimmogram, izindawo ezimnyama ziyizicubu ezijwayelekile zezinyosi kanti izindawo ezikhanyayo ziyizicubu ezinamandla. Amabala amhlophe yizibalo, ezikhonjiswa imicibisholo ebomvu. Ukubalwa kwebele kunamaphethini wokudoba, njengoba kubalwa ukubalwa phakathi kwamathanga ebisi webele. Lokhu kubhekwa njengenhlonipho engavamile, kodwa hhayi ngempela umdlavuza.

Ukunciphisa okuncane kuyizinhlamvu ezincane ze-calcium ezingabonakala kumaqoqo noma kumaphethini (njengemibuthano) futhi zihlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wesinye owengeziwe emathisini asebele. Ngokujwayelekile, ukukhula kweseli okungaphezulu akuyona umdlavuza, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amaqoqo anamandla ezincane ezincane angaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuqala lwamangqamuzana angenangqondo. Ama-microcalcifications ahlukanisiwe ngokuvamile ayibonakaliso lwezinsana zebele zesisu .

Kulesi simo, lo wesifazane welulekwa ukuthi abe nokulandelana kwamammogram ezinyangeni ezintathu ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Uma owesifazane enezinhlama ezihambisana nezibalo, noma kunjalo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okusheshayo.

4 -

I-Fibrocystic Breast Tissue ku-Mammogram

I- fibroadenoma noma i- cyst yimizimba yesisu esenobuthi engabonakala emathisini webele we-fibrocystic. Lezi zingabonakala zodwa, noma ngamaqembu, futhi zivamile kumammograms avela njengesisindo esikhulu. Le mammogram ibonisa izindawo ezinwebekile ezijwayelekile zenguquko ye- fibrocystic . Ungabona futhi amanye amadokodo, ngamaphethini abumbayo.

Izinguquko ezijwayelekile ze-fibrocystic esifubeni sakho zingathinteka ukushintshashintsha kwama-hormonal kwansuku zonke okungase kugweme ukuphuma esikhathini. Cishe isigamu sabo bonke abesifazane beshintsho lwe-fibrocystic emabeleni abo, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yabo evundile.

Izinguquko ze-Fibrocystic esifubeni ngokuvamile azibonakalisi izifo futhi azidingi ukwelashwa. Lezi zinguquko ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela ubuhlungu besifuba ne-lumpiness, ngakho uma lokhu kuba yinkinga, vakashela udokotela wakho usizo.

Uma ukungajwayelekile kubhekwa njenge-cyst, i-ultrasound yebele ivame ukwenza ukuthi i-cyst esikhundleni se-nodule eqinile. Ngomqondisi we-ultrasound, i-radiologist ingafaka inaliti ku-cyst ukuyikhipha, futhi i-cyst izoshabalala nge-ultrasound.

5 -

I-Breast Tumor kuMammogram

Le mammogram ibonisa izindawo ezimnyama zezicubu ezivamile zezinyosi. Izindawo ezinamandla ziyizicubu ezincelisayo ezinama-duc ne-lobes. Indawo ehlanzekile yilapho ibambe kakhulu, ibonisa isisu esinomdlavuza , esiboniswe umcibisholo obomvu ekhoneni elingaphansi lesokudla lesithombe.

Isisu esinomdlavuza esibelethweni sakhiwa isisindo samangqamuzana omdlavuza okhula ngendlela engavamile, engalawulwa. Lesi sifo singase sihlasele izicubu ezizungezile, noma zingase zenze amangqamuzana abe yi-bloodstream noma i-lymph system. Uma amangqamuzana amathumba ehamba ngaphesheya kwesayithi langempela futhi asakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kuthathwa njengomdlavuza webele we-metastatic.

Isisu sesifuba ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa futhi singadinga imithi yokwelapha, imishanguzo, ukwelapha okuphilayo okuhlosiwe, kanye / noma ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal. Uma i-tumor yebele itholakala esiteji sokuqala somdlavuza wesifuba, kungenzeka ukuthi uphathwe ngempumelelo, ukuvimbela ukusakazeka noma ukuphindaphindiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma ngabe ushintsho lubukeka lufana nomdlavuza kumammogram, kunezinye izinguquko zesisu ezinobuthi ezilingisa umdlavuza webele . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukucabanga okuqhubekayo, futhi kaningi okuyi-biopsy, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ingumdlavuza ngempela noma cha.

6 -

Ukufakelwa Kwebele KuMammogram

Le mammogram ibonisa imibono emibili yesifuba ngemuva kwesisindo se-mastectomy nokuvuselelwa ngesilwane sesifuba se-silicone. Lo wesifazane uphethwe ngokuphumelelayo ngohlobo lomdlavuza webele oluthiwa i- ductal carcinoma engavamile . Ama-mammograms athathwe ngemuva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza wesifuba kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. Ayikho ubufakazi besifo somdlavuza wamabele kulezi zithombe.

Ama-mammograms angenziwa ekufakweni kwebele uma kuncike kancane ukusetshenziselwa okuncane kunalokho okudingekayo kumathisini webele. Kuzo zombili kokubukwa kwalokhu kuvuselelwa kwesifuba, ukufakelwa kubonakala njengendawo elula, ebushelelezi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kufakwa ephaketheni lendonga yesifuba. Umswakama wesikhumba sesifuba kubonakala njengendawo ephakathi nendawo emnyama ngaphandle kokutshala.

Qaphela ukuthi ukubukwa okungaphezulu, okubizwa ngokuthi i-cranial-caudal view, kubonisa indawo encane kunombono ohlangene, obizwa ngokuthi umbono we-mediolateral. Ukuba nale mibono emibili kuyasiza kakhulu odokotela ukunquma impilo yebele.

7 -

I-Mammogram ne-MRI Image Comparisons

Ama-mammograms iyithuluzi lokuhlola eliyinhloko elisetshenziselwa impilo yebele, kodwa ukuze uthole imininingwane eningi yendawo ethile, noma ukuhlola abesifazane besengozini enkulu abaphethe izicubu ezincelisayo, i- MRI (imaging magnontic resonance) ingathatha umehluko ophezulu, isithombe esicacisiwe.

I-MRIs yesisu ibiza kakhulu kunamammograms, futhi imishini ayitholakali kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubuchwepheshe be-MRI abusetshenziselwa ukubukwa kwesisu ngokujwayelekile kodwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izicubu ezingavamile noma ukubuka labo abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele. Kubuye kusetshenziswe kaningi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha, ukuqapha elinye isifuba sokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza webele uma owesifazane ene-mastectomy ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Lezi ziqhathaniso ezimbili ngokuhlangene zibonisa i-mammography ngakwesobunxele ne-MRI ngakwesokudla. Isithombe se-MRI sibonisa izinga elijulile lemininingwane, eliwusizo kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Uma i-mammogram ibonise isisasa sebele esibukeka sinesihluku, i-MRI noma i-ultrasound inganikeza ulwazi olunembile. Uma i-MRI igcizelela ukuthi inqwaba ibheka umdlavuza, isinyathelo esilandelayo yi- biopsy yebele .

8 -

Umbiko wakho weMammogram

Umbiko wakho we-mammogram uzochaza lokho okutholwe ngenhla. Uma ungaqiniseki ngalokho okushiwo yikuphi okutholayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ngaphezu kokubona noma yikuphi okutholakele, uzobona inombolo ebizwa ngokuthi inombolo ye- BIRADS.I - BIRADS imelela Ukubika Ukufaniswa Kwesisusa kanye NeSistimu Yedatha, futhi inikeza inombolo ekulinganisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-mammogram yakho ijwayelekile noma ikhombisa umdlavuza. Uma ungenayo i-biopsy, uzobe nenombolo phakathi kuka-1 no-5.

• I-1, ibhekisela ekumeni okujwayelekile
• I-2, iyinhlonipho noma ayibi
• 3, mhlawumbe benin
• 4, kungenzeka ukuthi iyingozi
• 5, iyingozi, yize kunezimo ezingalingisa umdlavuza kumammogram

Ngezansi kumifanekiso we-Mammogram

Amamograms angaba usizo oluhle ekuxilongweni kokuqala komdlavuza webele futhi angathola amagciwane angakabonakali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhathazeka kokuqapha i-overdagnosis kuye kwavuswa eminyakeni yamuva. Isibonelo, ukutholakala kwe-microcalcifications, kanti ngezinye izikhathi ukuxwayisa udokotela wakho kumdlavuza ongaphansi, kunezimbangela eziningi ezinobungozi.

Ukwengezwa kulokhu yizincomo ezihlukahlukene ngezinhlangano eziningana, kanye nemibono ehlukene yabodokotela abaningi. Lokho lokhu kwehlela ukuthi wudinga ukuba ngummeli wakho siqu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Funda mayelana nokulinganiselwa kwe-mammogram. Uma ukhathazekile ngenxa yomlando oqinile womdlavuza wesifuba, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokukhetha ukuba ne-MRI yebele. Uma uhlakulela inhlama, i-breast ultrasound ngezinye izikhathi iyasiza kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.

Nakuba konke lokhu kubalulekile, "ukwelashwa" okungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuba ungene endaweni yokuqala. Nakuba kunezifo eziningi zomdlavuza ezivela ngenxa yeso sizathu esizwakalayo, futhi siyazi ukuthi abesifazane abaningi abanempilo kakhulu banomdlavuza webele, kunezinto ezithile ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okucebile izithelo nemifino kuyisiqalo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kuyadingeka. Ucwaningo lubonisa nokuthi abesifazane abanamazinga aphansi okuthiwa yi-vitamin D bangenengozi eyengeziwe. Emhlanganweni wakho olandelayo, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole izinga lakho le-vitamin D. Uma iphansi ingakusiza ukuthi uthole izindlela zokuyiphakamisa, kungakhathaliseki lokho kusho ukuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe elangeni noma ukuthatha isithasiselo se-vitamin D.

> Imithombo

> I-American Cancer Society. Yini Udokotela Afuna Ngamamemogram? Kubuyekezwe 10/09/17. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/what-does-the-doctor-look-for-onam-mammogram.html

> Iwase, M., Tsunoda, H., Nakayama, K. et al. Ukuqothula Okutholakele Ngengozi Ephansi: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwama-Amorphous Calcifications Olutholakala Ekubukeni Kwama-Mammography Ahlanganiswe Neengozi Elingencane Ye-Cancer. Umdlavuza webele . 2017 24 (4): 579-584.