I-Hepatitis A ne-Hepatitis B: Efana Njalo Noma Ehlukile?
Omunye angase akholelwe ukuthi isibindi se-A nesibindi se-B ngokuyisisekelo kukhona into efanayo. Kodwa-ke, abaningi abajwayele ukuthi yini i-hepatitis futhi iyakwenza. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesifo sofuba, njengezinhlobo ezehlukene kanye nokwahlukana phakathi kwabo ngokufunda okwengeziwe. Uma uzwa igama elithi hepatitis, lisho nje into eyodwa: ukuvuvukala kwesibindi sakho. Kunezindlela eziningana ongahlakulela ngazo le mpilo yezempilo.
Utshwala nemithi ethile kukhona ezinye zezimbangela. Kuvame ukwanda ngamagciwane wezinhlobo ezahlukene; lezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-A, B, ne-C. Ukuze wenze konke kube lula kuwe, nansi umehluko ocacile phakathi kwe-virus ephawulekayo ye-hepatitis, i-hepatitis A (HAV) ne-hepatitis B (HBV).
I-Medium Transmission
I-virus ye-hepatitis A (HAV) ingatholakala emanzini omuntu ophethwe yi-hepatitis A. Ngokujwayelekile, isakazwa ngokuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. Lokhu kungaba ngezocansi noma nje ukuhlala endlini efanayo. Enye indlela elula esetshenziselwayo yabelana nokudla namanzi aphikisiwe ngumuntu ohambisa igciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uya endaweni lapho lesi sifo siphume khona, kunengozi enkulu yokuthola yona.
I-Hepatitis A ibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi esikhulu, futhi kungase kube nokuphulukisa noma ukuphulukisa yedwa. Uma usukhulile, lesi simo sinzima nakakhulu.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, isifo sofuba A singasakazwa kalula kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye ngamanzi nokudla nokuxhumana okuseduze nabantu abanegciwane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hepatitis B ibonakala ikakhulu emzimbeni womzimba njengegazi. Yingakho, lapho igazi lomuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculazi noma umfutho womzimba lingena emzimbeni womunye, angakwazi ukuthola lesi sifo.
I-hepatitis B isakazeka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ubulili obungavimbelwe nesikhwama se-HBV noma ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti esenwe igciwane (ikakhulu lapho abantu behlukanisa izinaliti phakathi kwabo).
Isidingo Sokugoma
Ukuvimbela ukukhishwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-hepatitis A, abantu abalandelayo kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bazogonywa:
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala
- Amadoda axhumana nocansi namanye amadoda
- Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa emigwaqweni
- Abasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ngaphandle kwamazwe afana neCanada, US, neJapane
- Abantu abanokuxhumana nabo siqu noma abaseduze nabantu abavela emazweni anesifo se-HAV
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, laba abalandelayo badinga ukugonywa ngokulwa nesifo sofuba B:
- Izingane nentsha eneminyaka engu-0-18 ubudala
- Abantu abanocansi
- Iziguli ezithola i- dialysis noma i-pre-dialysis
- Izisebenzi zomphakathi, zikamasipala, noma zokuphepha ezijwayele ukuvezwa kwegazi nezikhukhula zomzimba
- Abantu abaneminyaka engu-60 ubudala abanesifo sikashukela
- Abantu abane-HIV
- Abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa ama-injection
- Abasebenzi kanye nezakhamuzi ezisiza abantu abakhubazekile
Izimpawu
Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hepatitis, bonke bahlanganyela izimpawu ezifanayo. Lokhu okulandelayo yizinkomba ezithile ezikhomba ukuthi ungase ufanise leli gciwane:
- I-Yellowing yesikhumba sakho
- I-Yellowing yengxenye emhlophe yamehlo akho
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Fever
- Umchamo omnyama
- I-nausea
- Ukuvota
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukukhathala
Ukutheleleka
Akukho ukutheleleka okungapheli ku-hepatitis A, kodwa ku-hepatitis B, kukhona. Uma uthola i-hepatitis A kanye, ngeke uphinde ube nakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa ye-hepatitis B, kukhona ukutheleleka okukhulu okungenzeka ngisho nokuqala kokuzalwa. E-US, abantu abangaba ngu-2000 kuya ku-4000 bafa ngalesi simo minyaka yonke. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlasela kanjani isibindi sakho.
The Treatment
Awekho ukuphulukiswa okukhethekile kula ma virus. Ukwelashwa okusetshenziselwa i-hepatitis A ngokujwayelekile kukunakekelwa okusekelayo.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema utshwala ngoba lokho kungabhebheza ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Kulabo abanesifo esingenasifo esibhedlela se-hepatitis B, ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kuyadingeka. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwesibindi sakho njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12. Ungasebenzisa imithi elwa ne-antiviral ehlukahlukene enelayisensi njengokwelashwa kwe-HBV. Kukhona umehluko ngokuqondile ukwelashwa kwalaba ababili kusukela i-HBV idinga ngempela usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze lelashwe. Ncoma ulwazi lwakho nge-hepatitis futhi wenze okusemandleni akho ukugwema. Nakuba i-hepatitis A neB ibelana ngamaphilogomomi ambalwa, banokuhlukile kwabo okuphawulekayo.
Imithombo:
Cuthbert JA. I-hepatitis A: endala futhi entsha. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan; 14 (1): 38-58.
Liang TJ. I-Hepatitis B: igciwane nesifo. I-Hepatology. 2009 Meyi; 49 (5 Suppl): S13-21.