I-Hepatitis B yisifo esibangelwa yi -virus ye-hepatitis B , futhi ingaba yinkimbinkimbi noma engapheliyo. Ukutheleleka nge-virus ye-hepatitis B yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili ye-hepatitis engapheli emhlabeni wonke futhi abantu abane-infection ye-hepatitis B engapheli bayingozi kakhulu ekwakheni umdlavuza wesibindi (hepatocellular carcinoma). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-virus ye-hepatitis B iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-cirrhosis emhlabeni.
E-United States, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 banesifo sengculaza ye-hepatitis B. Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni jikelele, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-400 banegciwane, iningi labo bantu abahlala e-Asia. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyinkinga ebalulekile yomphakathi kanye nenkinga yezokwelapha.
Emva kokuchayeka kwesifo sofuzo B, bafaka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokuxubha . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, okungapheli phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-45 kuya kwezinyanga ezingu-6, umuntu osulelekile akavumi ukuba nezimpawu. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ukutheleleka okuphezulu kwesibindi B kuyaqala futhi izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hepatitis ye-viral zibonakala. Kubantu abaningi lokhu ukutheleleka kuzobangela ukungakhululeki okuncane kuya kokulinganisela kodwa kuzosuka ngokwayo ngenxa yempumelelo yomzimba ekulwa nesifo. Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ezifana nokuhluleka kwesibindi se- fulminant .
I-hepatitis B engapheli ivela lapho umuntu one -infection enzima engakwazi ukuqeda ukutheleleka.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sifo sihlala singelapheki noma siphendule ngokuphelele sincike kakhulu kumuntu omthelelekile. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 wezinsana ezithathelwana ngokubeletha azoqhubeka nezifo ezingapheli. Kodwa-ke, njengomuntu ubudala, ingozi yokutheleleka okungapheli kunciphisa ukuthi phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-50 abantwana kanye namaphesenti angaphansi kuka-10 abantwana abadala noma abantu abadala bazoqhubeka besuka ekuhloleni okuyisifo esiphuthumayo.
Izifo ze-Hepatitis B
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-hepatitis B eziyingozi zifana nazo zonke izifo zesifo sofuba esiyingozi . Ngokuvamile isifo sokuqala ukulahlekelwa ukudla (okuthiwa i-anorexia), kulandelwa isicanucanu, bese mhlawumbe, ukuhlanza. Kwabanye abantu lezi zimpawu zingaba zibi kakhulu, zihlale njalo amasonto ambalwa zidinga ukwelashwa. Ezinye izimpawu ukukhathala ngokweqile, isisindo-ukulahleka, ama-aches nezinhlungu zamathunjwa namajoyina, ikhanda, ukuzwela ukukhanya, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela nokuphuza impumu.
I-jaundice, okuyinto ukuqoqwa kwe- bilirubin yamakhemikhali emathanjeni omzimba, kungenye uphawu olubonakalayo . Lokhu kubonakala njengombala ophuzi esikhumbeni nasemzungeze abamhlophe bamehlo. Nakuba lesi yisifo esibonakala kakhulu se-viral hepatitis, i-jaundice ivele ibe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 abantu abane-hepatitis B-iningi labantu abane-hepatitis B eliyingozi ngeke libe ne-jaundice.
Akuyona into engavamile kubantu abane-hepatitis B eyingozi ukuthi bangabi nezimpawu. Laba bantu kuthiwa bayakwazi futhi bangase bangaqapheli ukutheleleka kwabo. Izimpawu eziningi zivame ukuhamba ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-3, kodwa abantu abaningi baqhubeka bekhathele isikhathi eside.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-Hepatitis B
I-virus ye-hepatitis B isakazwa kalula yizifo zomzimba ezithathelwanayo ezihlangana nezimbungu zakho noma igazi. Amanzi omzimba okuvame ukubhekwa njengosandulela ngculazi, amathe, isilwane kanye nokufihla emzimbeni. Kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezinye izifo zomzimba eziningi zibhekwa njengezifo ezithathelwanayo nezokuqapha ezidingekayo.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ukuthi igciwane le-hepatitis B lisakazeka ngukuxhumana kocansi noma okujwayelene kakhulu nomuntu othelelekile, ukwabelana izinaliti namagundane nomuntu othelelekile, kanye nenqubo yokukhipha umama kusuka kumama ogciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo lokugcina lokusabalalisa, olubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa okuqondile, lwaluvame kangangokuthi izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zaqala ukukhuthaza ukugonywa kwesibindi sokushisa kwesibindi B ebuntwaneni. Eminye imithombo ithi abaningi abangamatshumi amathathu kwabaseMelika abanesifo esingenasifo sohlobo lwe-hepatitis B baphethwe njengezingane noma abantwana abancane.
I-Hepatitis B Ukuxilongwa
Odokotela baxilonga i-hepatitis B ngokuhlola igazi lakho ngokuba khona kwama-antibodies kunxenye ethize yegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi. Leyo nxenye ethize ibizwa ngokuthi yi-HBsAG, futhi ibhekisela ku-antigen ye-hepatitis B. Lokhu i-antigen empeleni yi-protein yamagciwane ukuthi umzimba uzokubona njengento engafanele ibe khona futhi izoqala ukuthuthukisa ukuphendula komzimba ngokumelene nayo.
Enye i-antibody eyenziwa odokotela egazini lakho, ebizwa nge-IgM anti-HBc, isilingo esingcono nakakhulu sokusungula ukutheleleka okukhulu kwesifo sofuba B. Lokhu kuqhathanisa i-IgM antibody eyenziwa yisistimu yomzimba wakho yomzimba eya kumaprotheni ahlukene ebizwa ngokuthi i-core antigen .
Impendulo yomzimba yomzimba ngokumelene negciwane ngokuvamile iphumelela kakhulu ngoba abantu abaningi bazoqeda ngokuphelele igciwane. Kuncike ekutheni lesi siphenduli samasosha omzimba sisebenza ngamandla kangakanani, futhi izinga lokutheleleka, ungase ungaboni ukuthi uyagula!
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abakususulu igciwane futhi bahlakulela isifo sofuba esingapheli B. Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo ngokulinganisa kokubili i-HBsAg kanye ne-antibody ku-protein eyinhloko, ebizwa ngokuthi i-anti-HBc. Abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo bobabili bahamba egazini labo.
Ukuphathwa
Cishe wonke umuntu okhulisa i-hepatitis B eyingozi (95% -99% yabantu abadala abanempilo) uzoba ngcono ngokwabo, ngakho odokotela abanconyisanga ukwelashwa okuqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isimiso somzimba wakho samasosha omzimba sikwazi ukusebenza kanzima ukubhubhisa ngokushesha igciwane lesandulela ngculaza esibindi ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga ezinkulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-hepatitis B enzima, ezinye izazi zincoma ukwelashwa nomuthi okuthiwa i-lamivudine.
Kubantu abaqhubekela phambili esibhedlela se-hepatitis B esingapheli, odokotela bangakhetha kusuka ezidakamizweni ezinhlanu eziphakathi kwe-alpha, i-pegylated interferon, lamivudine, i-adefovir dipivoxil ne-entecavir. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela baphatha ngomuthi owodwa kuphela, kodwa ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuyinhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezimbili, njenge- pegylated interferon ne-lamivudine. Umgomo wokwelashwa ukuthola amazinga wegciwane egazini (ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwegciwane) kumazinga angatholakali ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa kuyabiza futhi kuyinselele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu abane-hepatitis B abangapheliyo abasabela kahle ekwelapheni nhlobo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, isu elihle kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba B.
Ukuvimbela
Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B kuvinjelwa kalula ngokugoma. Ukugoma kokubili kuphephile futhi kungabizi futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugoma ezitholakala e-United States.
Abantu abathile basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi kufanele bagonwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Laba bonke abasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzisi bokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, abantu abasemajele noma amajele kanye nabantu abanabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa bobulili. Ngenxa yengozi yokwanda kokutheleleka okungapheli, zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 kufanele zithole ukugonywa kwesifo sofuba .
> Umthombo:
> Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Long DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Online. "I-Hepatitis Viral Viral". I-Harrison's Online