Ukutheleleka Okubuhlungu Okubuhlungu
I-Hepatitis B (I- Hep B noma i-HBV ) ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okungabangela ukuqedwa kwesibindi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, isifo esibi esibi kwesibindi nokufa. Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B kungumphumela we-HBV (virus ye-hepatitis B) ehlasela emzimbeni futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 banesandulela ngculaza emhlabeni jikelele.
I-CDC yembula ukuthi inani labantu abanesandulela ngculaza nge- hepatitis B ngonyaka liye lahlehla kakhulu kuma-43,000 ngokwesilinganiso ngo-2007 kusukela ku-200 000 phakathi nawo-1980.
Isilinganiso sokutheleleka sitholakale siphezulu kunabo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-49 ubudala. Ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa ngamanzi asemzimbeni njengamacici omzimba, isilwane, izilonda ezivulekile noma igazi.
Lesi sifo singabangela kanjani ukulimala kwesibindi?
I-Hep B ikhiqiza emangqamuzaneni wesibindi, kepha igciwane yedwa akuyona inkinga - isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba siyi. Ukusabela okubangelwa yi-virus kubangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi njengoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisama ukuqeda igciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, kunomonakalo ongenamkhawulo futhi umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-HBV, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza izifo ezithathelwanayo ezizohlala isikhathi eside ukuze ungaphinde uphinde utheleleke.
Naphezu kokulwa okuhle okwakhiwa yizitho zethu, kunezimo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukuqeda ukutheleleka, ngisho noma ungabonakali izimpawu, igciwane lisekhona.
Kulesi simo, uhlala ungumthwali wegazi futhi igazi lakho kanye nezikhukhula zomzimba zingakwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu abahlangana nawe ngokusebenzisa ubulili obungavimbelwe, izilonda ezivulekile, noma enye enye indlela. Okwamanje, kunezigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-1.25 eziseMelika
Uma uyithwala, isifo sakho singalandela imigudu emibili eyinhloko: noma ihamba ngemva kwesikhashana (imithi ingacabangi ukuthi kungani ikhona) noma iphenduka isifo sofuba esingapheli.
Uma i-hepatitis iba engapheli, isimo sibi kakhulu esibindi, ngoba singabangela umdlavuza we-cirrhosis nesibindi, kokubili izimo ezibulalayo.
Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi cishe ama-5% kuya kwabangu-10% abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi abangase babe ngabantu abadala noma abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu bangaba nesifo esingenasifo. Okunye okudumazayo ukuthi lezi zindleko ziphakeme kakhulu (25% kuya ku-50%) ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 kanye nalawo mazinyane abanjwe ukutheleleka njengoba bezalwa (90%).
I-Hepatitis B Infection Ibonisa Kanjani?
Abantu abangu-30 kuphela kuya ku-50% abanesifo se-HBV babonisa izimpawu kusukela ekuqaleni. Izimpawu zokuqala zingadideka nalabo abesifo: umkhuhlane kanye nezinhlungu ezihlangene. Izimpawu ezibheke kakhulu ku-Hepatitis B zimi kanje:
- Isikhumba esiphuzi kanye nokuphuziza okuyingxenye emhlophe yamehlo
- Umbala obomvu noma o-orange womchamo
- Ukukhathala okungaqondakali okuhlala isikhathi eside
- Ukulahlekelwa isifiso, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Fever
Noma kunjalo, kubantu abaningi, ayikho enye yalezi zimpawu ezibonisa futhi lesi sifo sitholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Isigaba sokuqala sokutheleleka kwe-HBV kuthiwa yi-hepatitis esivamile futhi engavamile, ingaba yingozi esibindi. Kwakukhona amacala we-hepatitis enzima lapho isibindi sonakaliswe kabi kangangokuthi isiguli sangena ku-coma ngenxa yokuhluleka kwesibindi.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i- hepatitis fulminant " kanye neziguli ezifanele ukuba zihlolwe ukufakelwa kwesibindi.
Yini Ehlukanisa Ukulimala Kwebindi?
Isimiso esiyinhloko sesimo sesibindi yisimiso sethu samasosha omzimba. Abantu abahlakulela impendulo eqinile yegciwane lengculaza baningi amathuba okuqeda igciwane bese belulame kodwa futhi banamathuba amaningi okuba nokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi kanye nezimpawu eziqinile. Impendulo ye-immune ebuthakathaka ingase ivikele isibindi okwesikhashana futhi ithuthukise izimpawu ezimbalwa, kodwa futhi kukhona ingozi ephakeme yokuthuthukisa isifo sofuba esingapheli. Ngakho-ke, yidla kahle futhi uphile ngendlela enhlanzekile yokugcina izifo ezinjalo ziphelile.
Izinkomba:
Chen Y, Wei H, Sun R, Dong Z, Zhang J, Zan Z. Ukwandiswa kokulimala kwesibindi ku-virus ye-hepatitis B amagundane angama-transgenic kuhilela ukuxhumana kwe-NKG2D-ligand namaseli okubulala emvelo. I-Hepatology. 2007 Sep; 46 (3): 706-15.
Liang TJ. I-Hepatology. 2009 Meyi; 49 (5 Suppl): S13-21. I-Hepatology. 2009 Meyi; 49 (5 Suppl): S13-21.