Zonke izivivinyo zokuhlola zifaka ingozi yemiphumela yamanga. I-mammography yokuhlola ayikho into ehlukile. Uma i-mammogram ikhombisa indawo engavamile ebukeka njengomdlavuza, kodwa iphenduka ibe yinto evamile, ibizwa ngokuthi i-false-positive. Imiphumela emibi evela ekuhloleni ama-mammograms ayitholakali kakhulu kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwe-digital mammography.
Ukuthola ucingo ukuthi ubukhulu besimiso esivela kutholakala okuthile okudinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuzovame ukudala ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Lapho i-mammography yokuhlola iholela ekutholeni okutholayo, ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okunjenge-ultrasound, i-MRI, i-PET, noma i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukucacisa ukuthi ingabe umdlavuza ukhona noma cha. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungaba buhlungu, okungenani kungakhululekile, futhi kwandise ukukhathazeka emavikini alandela ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwamanga kanye nombiko wokukhubazeka ongekho ubufakazi bokugula.
Abanye besifazane, ekuqaleni bekhululekile ukuzwa ukuthi abanomdlavuza, bathukuthele ngalokho ukuhlola okungamanga kubiza ngokwezezimali nangokomzwelo. Abanye bavame ukunquma ukugwema ukuba ne-mammograms esikhathini esizayo.
I-US Preventive Services Task Force, ngo-2009, yanconywa ukuthi iqala ukutholwa kweminyaka engama-50 esikhundleni seminyaka engu-40 ubudala. Muva nje, i-American Cancer Society yashintsha imihlahlandlela yabo yokuhlola ukuze i-mammography iphakanyiswe ukuthi abesifazane baqale ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezineminyaka engu-45 ubudala.
Bakhulume ngezigameko zamanga-amanga kanye nokukhathazeka, izindleko nobuhlungu abazibangela njengesinye sezizathu zokushintsha iminyaka yokuqala amamogram. Umphakathi wezokwelapha wasabela ngokukhathazeka ngalezi zinguquko ezinikezwe inani labesifazane, eminyakeni engama-40 ubudala abathola ukuthi banomdlavuza wesifuba njalo ngonyaka, nalabo abangena emphakathini wama-50 + abanezifo zomdlavuza ezingaboniwe.
Amagciwane okubeletha ayenzeka ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini sokuvama kaningi avutha kakhulu.
I- Journal of the National Cancer Institute , inikeza umbono omusha ngokubaluleka kwamaphuzu amanga ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo olusanda kwenziwa eDenmark. Ucwaningo oluqhutshwa eCopenhagen lubonisa ukuthi ukutholakala okungamanga kwamatmography kubonisa ithuba elikhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokugula okuphansi noma ukuhlukunyezwa kokuqala.
Ucwaningo lubhekisise imiphumela yokuhlola izibalo zabesifazane abangu-58,003, abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya ku-69, ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokuhlola uhlelo lwe-mammography labantu baseCopenhagen phakathi neminyaka ka 1991-2005.
Ucwaningo lubike ukuthi abesifazane abathola noma yikuphi uhlobo lwemiphumela emibi behlelwe ingozi engama-67% ephakeme yokuthola umdlavuza webele ngemva kokungamanga kunabesifazane ababenomzimba omncane kuphela. Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ingozi, ngokulandela amanga amanga, yaqhubeka iphakanyisiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12.
Abacwaningi abacwaningi bathi, "Abesifazane abanezivivinyo ezingamanga babonisa amaphethini aso esolisayo emathanjeni abo esifubeni, kufaka phakathi izixuku ezinjenge-tumor, ukubalwa okusolayo, isikhumba esikhulayo noma ukuxoshwa, amaconsi asanda kuhoxiswa, ukuphazamiseka, ukucindezeleka okungafani, noma amakhemikhali angama-axillary asolisayo.
Naphezu kokuhlola okuphelele ukukhipha izibizo ezisezingeni eliyisisekelo, la maphethini asolisayo emathisini asebele angase agcine eseba ngumdlavuza obonakalayo. "
Abacwaningi batusa abesifazane abakhuthazayo ngokuhlolwa kwamanga ukuze baqhubeke nokuthola ukuhlolwa okuvamile, nakuba kungabangela ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe.
Ukuze siqonde umthelela wamammogram amanga amanga, abesifazane abangu-1 288 ababenama-mammograms ezindaweni ezingu-22 zokuhlola e-United States babekhethiwe ngokungahleliwe ekuhloleni kwefoni ngokukhathazeka. Abahlanganyeli be-Survey bahlanganisa nabesifazane abangama-534 ababeneziphumo ezingekho emzimbeni kanye nabesifazane abangu-494 abanemiphumela emibi.
Ingxenye yokuqala yocwaningo yenziwa ngemuva nje kokuba abesifazane behlolwe. Ingxenye yesibili yayingemva konyaka ngemuva kokunakekelwa kwazo. Kulaba besifazane abanemiphumela emibi, ama-50% abike amazinga okukhathazeka aqala ngokulinganisela kuya phezulu.
Ngonyaka owodwa, amazinga okhathazeka abesifazane abenemiphumela emibi nabesifazane ababenemiphumela emibi babefana. Imiphumela emibi ibonakala ingenalo ithonya emkhakheni wokuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abaningi besifazane, abanemiphumela emibi, bathi kungenzeka ukuthi bazoba ne-mammogram esikhathini esizayo.
Yini ebalulekile ukususa kulolu cwaningo? Ungavumeli noma yiziphi izithiyo, kuhlanganise nokwesaba ukukhohlisa, ukuthola indlela yokuhlolwa kwakho okujwayelekile.
> Umthombo:
> Journal of the National Cancer Institute. I-JAMA Imithi Yangaphakathi .