Kunezizathu eziningi zokungena ezinqumeni ezimiyane kulelihlobo. I-Zika isakazeke eCaribbean naseLatin America. Ingase isakaze phambili phezulu enyakatho. I-Chikungunya ne- Dengue nayo isakazeka ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona ukuqubuka kwe- Yellow Fever e-Angola futhi kukhona njalo okuvela eMalariya kuya eJapan Encephalitis ukukhathazeka ngakho.
Ngakho-ke ungatholi lutho. Kulula ukushiwo kunokwenza, noma kunjalo. Abanye bethu bavele babonakale njengezimakethe zamangqamuzana. Sisoloko siwagxila kuwo. Izingalo zethu ziphelela ekudumeni. Sine-halo yamangqamuzana egcwele phezu kwamakhanda ethu njalo kusihlwa. Yini ongayenza?
Indlela Yokugwema Izinambuzane
- Sebenzisa ukuphika kwezinambuzane .
- Lokhu kungafaka i- DEET (etholakala ku-Cutter, OFF!, Skintastic). Ephakeme iphesenti, isikhathi eside sivikelekile. I-DEET ibonakala yenza kahle ngokumelene nezinyosi ze-Aedes (Zika)
- I-CDC iphinde iphakamise i- icaridin (ebizwa ngokuthi i-KBR 3023, i-Bayrepel, i-icaridin) etholakala ku-Cutter Advanced, i-Skin So Soft Bug Guard Plus, ne-Autan) ebonakala ihamba ngokumelene nobuyane be-Aedes (Zika)
- I-CDC ngaphezu kwalokho iphakamisa amafutha we-lemon eucalyptus (ebizwa nangokuthi i-OLE noma i-PMD) etholakala ku- Repel no- IR3535 etholakala ku-Skin So Soft Bug Guard Plus Expedition ne-SkinSmart. Ungakhohlwa ukuphinde uphinde usebenzise lesi siguli. Izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bayisebenzise futhi.
- Gcina umboziwe. Sebenzisa imikhonto emide, amabhulukwe; gqoka izicathulo, hhayi flip. Zigcine uzipholile futhi umboziwe. Izindwangu ezihlukahlukene nezembatho zingakugcina uvikelekile emanzini (nelanga) ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu.
- Lahla amanzi okuma. Izinambuzane (ikakhulukazi ezinye ezasakaza iZika) zingazalana ngamanzi amancane ngaphakathi nangasendlini. Lokhu kubandakanya ama-vases embali.
- Gcina imiyane ukuze ungene ngaphakathi. Vala amawindi akho. Sebenzisa izikrini emafasiteleni naseminyango.Sebenzisa isimo se-air conditioning.
- Ukulala ngaphansi komlenze wokungcosana uma usengozini enkulu . Noma kunjalo, lokhu ngeke kuvimbele okuningi ngokumelene nobuyane obusakaza iZika obusebenza kakhulu emini (kusihlwa nakusasa ikakhulukazi). Kodwa uma uzizwa ugula noma uphawula, kungase kube kuhle ukusebenzisa inetha lomiyane futhi uthola kancane
- Yazi ukuthi uzogwema nini nokuthi nini. Ngezinye izikhathi kunendawo lapho imiyane ihlangana khona, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esithile. Ungabambeli ihlobo ehlobo ngesikhathi sokuhlwa lapho khona omiyane bezophuma khona.
- Yazi ukuthi uhambaphi. Yazi ukuthi i- Zika ikhona noma uma kufanele uthathe i- malaria prophylaxis ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
- Ngezinye izikhathi ukuchithwa kusiza . Ukuxubha ukubulala omiyane abadala, ngokuvamile okwenziwa yi-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nochwepheshe, kungasiza ukuhlanza omiyane, kepha kaningi akusho ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu isikhathi eside.
Ingabe izinambuzane zifana nokunye kunabanye?
Yebo. Kukhona abantu abathile abonakala beheha omunyo. Kukhona izifundo ezibonisa zonke izinhlobo zabantu abonakala engozini enkulu.
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukubeka engozini yokubambezeleka kanye nemiphumela yeZika noMalariya . Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bafudumala (banamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu) futhi baphefumula ngaphezulu carbon dioxide.
Izinambuzane zibonakala zikhangwa ku-carbon dioxide, sonke esiphefumula. Kodwa sikhulu futhi sinzima kangakanani ngokuphefumula, lapho siphefumula khona. Lokhu kusho ukuzivocavoca, ukusho ukuthi uzogijima, kungasifaka engozini enkulu, ngaphandle uma siqhubeka sigijima ukuze siwagweme. Kunamanye amakhemikhali esithuthukisayo esingabaheha futhi. Abanye bethu banamabhaktheriya ahlukene esikhumbeni sethu, njengathi sonke senza ku- microbiome yethu, eheha amantongomane ngaphezulu.
Kubonakala sengathi kunezinye izizathu eziningi ezenza abanye abantu bathole kancane kunabanye.
- Kungenzeka kube uhlobo lwakho lwegazi. Labo abanomthamo O Ogazini kubonakala sengathi banamantombazane abahlala kuwo kakhulu; Thayipha A okungenani. Kodwa lokhu kungenza i-var y nehlobo lomiyane.
- Ngisho nokuphuza ubhiya kungandisa ingozi.
- Mhlawumbe, ukugqoka okwesibhakabhaka, noma ngisho omnyama noma obomvu, kungenza ube lula ukuthola.
- Izakhi zakho zofuzo zingakubeka engozini; njengezakhi zofuzo ezithinta amazinga akho we-cholesterol zingenza umehluko.
Oh, nanoma ubani ongavikeleli emantwaneni: ukumboza, ukugwema, ukusebenzisa i-repellent, kungenzeka ukuthi akhangele izinyosi.
Ingabe Zonke Izinambuzane Zifana Njalo?
Lutho neze. Umiyane owaziwa ngokusabalalisa i-malariya kubantu (Anopheles) ahluke kakhulu kunamangwane owaziwa ngokusabalalisa i-Zika (Aedes) ehlukile eminyameni eyaziwa ngokusabalalisa i-West Nile Virus ne-Japanese Encephalitis (Culex). Inhlobo ngayinye (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex njll) inezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo (njenge-Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae, uCulex pipiens) ingaba nokuziphatha okuhlukile. Abanye bangabutha kakhulu (njenge-Aedes Aegypti). Abanye baluma ebusuku, njengamangqamuzana asakazelaleveva. Ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zamanzi emakhaya ethu, njenge-Aedes albopictus.
Zikhona Izindlela Ezintsha Zokumisa Amantongomane?
Kunemibono eminingi emisha. Abanye bafuna ukukhulula omiyane abilisa inzalo (abashade nabesifazane, abakhiqizi inzalo futhi bavimbele abesilisa abavuthiwe ukuba bahlukane). Abanye babheka izinyosi ezakhiwe ngokofuzo. Noma kunjalo, abanye babheka ukutheleleka omiyane ngamabhaktheriya, i-Wolbachia, evamile ezinambuzane futhi abonakala engalimazi abantu; kunganciphisa ukudluliselwa kweDengue (futhi mhlawumbe iZika kanye noChukungunya) noma ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwamaqanda omiyane.
Ingabe Kubi Ukuqeda Zonke Izinambuzane?
Yebo, asibheki ukulahla wonke umiyane. Lokho kungaba nzima ngempela. Lokho esizama ukukwenza ukunciphisa izinombolo zezimiyane eziluma abantu futhi ziphuze igazi lethu esizikhathalelayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3500 zezimiyane, kuphela okungu-1 ku-16 kuphela okukwenza lokhu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-100 kuphela ezaziwa ukuthi zisakaze izifo ngokusilimaza. Kungamaphesenti angu-1 kuphela ayesabeka kakhulu. Futhi nje kuphela abesifazane.
Kube khona izindawo ezinkulu lapho lezi zinyosi ezimbi ziqedile. I-US yayivame ukuba ne-malaria ne-yellow fever, isuse le miyane (nakuba ezinye zezilwane ziye zenza ukubuya) zenze umehluko omkhulu. Ukukwazi ukulawula isitoreji samanzi kunomthelela wangempela. Ukuqeda lamiyane akulimazanga, kodwa kusize ngempela. Kukhona abaningi abakholelwa ekuqedeni lezi zinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu, kuyo yonke indawo, kungaba usizo langempela.