Izibhedlela zesibhedlela zingase zihlinzeke ngemiphumela engcono yomtholampilo
Ngo-September 2016, imiphumela yocwaningo eyanyatheliswa ku-J AMA Internal Medicine yabonisa ukuthi odokotela besifazane esikoleni ezikoleni ezingama-24 zasezokwelapha basebenza cishe ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye imali kunabalingani babo besilisa.
Muva nje, imiphumela yocwaningo olwengeziwe iphinde ishicilelwe ku- JAMA Internal Medicine isikisela ukuthi abaqeqeshi besifazane abasebenza esibhedlela (abalapha esibhedlela), okungenani ngokuphikisanayo, baphumelela kakhulu ekuphatheni iziguli ezindala kunabalingani babo besilisa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemiphumela yalezi zifundo ezihlukene kungahunyushwa kanje: Kukhona ezinye izibhedlela zesibhedlela ngaphandle kwalokhu ezinikeza ukunakekelwa kangcono kunabalingani babo besilisa futhi zikhokhwa kancane ngokukwenza.
Naphezu kokuhamba kwe-Equal Pay Act ka-1963, abesifazane basenza kancane kunamadoda. Ngeshwa, i-gap yokukhokha ngokobulili akuyona into entsha futhi iqiniso elidabukisayo lokuphila elitholwa iningi labesifazane abathatha imisebenzi yabo yokuqala ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni. Ngokusho kwe- American Association of Women's University (AAUW) , "abesifazane ngonyaka ongekho ekolishi abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele, ngokwesilinganiso, amaphesenti angu-82 nje kuphela okwenziwa yiontanga zabo."
Kodwa ithemba lokuthi abanye besifazane esibhedlela bangase banakekele kangcono kunabo abalingani babo besilisa kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kubalulekile. Ngempela, kuyalinga ukucabanga ukuthi ngoba amadoda nabesifazane bafundiswa futhi baqeqeshwa ezikoleni ezifanayo zezokwelapha nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha kwezokwelapha, ukunakekelwa abahlinzekayo kufanele kufaneke.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokulungiswa kweziguquguquko eziphazamisayo, lokhu akubonakali kube njalo, futhi abacwaningi kulolu cwaningo bafuna lokhu okuyiqiniso kuze kube yilapho odokotela besifazane benza okuhlukile kumadoda.
Ucwaningo
Ku-athikili ka-2016 ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindleko Zokufa Kwezibhedlela Nezicelo Ezifundwayo Zama-Medicare Iziguli Eziphathwa Ngama-Physical Women's Physicians," iqembu labacwaningi baseHarvard bahlola isampula esikhulu sama-Medicare abasebenzisa imali yokukhokhela imisebenzi phakathi kukaJanuwari 1, 2011 noDisemba 31 , 2014, esilinganiselwa ku-1.5 million esibhedlela.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yesiguli esibhedlela sasineminyaka engaba ngu-80 ubudala.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, iziguli eziphathwe izibhedlela zesifazane ngezimo ezahlukeneyo zinezinga eliphansi lokushona kwezinsuku ezingu-30 nokunciphisa izinga lokufunda lokusuku okungama-30 kuneziguli ezifanayo eziphathwe izibhedlela zesilisa.
Kulabo asebekhulile abanezinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha abadinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela, mhlawumbe izinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa ezingaphumelelanga emtholampilo zikhona (1) zingaki iziguli ezigcina zifa emva kokukhishwa, zilinganisiwe kulolu cwaningo ngokulinganiselwa kwezinsuku ezingama-30 zokufa , futhi (2) inani labantu abaqeda ukufakwa esibhedlela ngesizathu esifanayo, kulinganiswa kulolu cwaningo ngokulinganiselwa kwezinsuku ezingu-30 zokufunda.
Ngokukodwa, kulolu cwaningo, ukufa kwesiguli sezinsuku ezingu-30 ezilinganisiwe phakathi kwabadokotela besifazane kwakungamaphesenti angu-11.07 kanti lawo madoda ayengu-11.49%. Izinga lokufunda lokulungiswa kwezinsuku ezingu-30 laliyizingxenye ezingu-15.02 phakathi kwabahlinzeki besifazane namaphesenti angu-15.57 phakathi kwabahlinzeki besilisa.
Nakuba ukungafani kwamaphesenti angaphansi kuka-1 kuwo wonke lawa mazinga kungase kubonakale kuncane, cabanga ukuthi lokhu kungalingani kungasho ukuthi-uma lokhu kubambisana kungase kubonakale kube yi-causal-ukuphila okungaphezulu kuka-32 000 kungasindiswa kubantu baseMedare kuphela uma izibhedlela zesilisa zithola okufanayo imiphumela yomtholampilo njengabesifazane.
Uma lo mhlangano kufanele uhumushe kubantu abangewona amaMedare, umphumela ungaba mkhulu kakhulu.
Ukuze kuhlungwe lezi zilinganiso, ukufa kwabantu abangu-32,000 okusho ukuthi kuzoba nezinkulungwane zezinzalamizi eziningi zaseMelika ngaphandle lapho bekwazi ukugubha izinsuku zokuzalwa, iziqu, namaqembu eholide. Futhi khumbula ukuthi izinkumbulo ziyigugu.
Kungani Umehluko?
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, "Izincwadi zibonise ukuthi odokotela besifazane kungenzeka banamathele emithethweni yomtholampilo, banikeze ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela kaningi, sebenzisa ukukhulumisana okugxilwe ngesiguli, benze kahle noma kube ngcono ekuhlolweni okuqinisekisiwe, futhi banikeze ukwelulekwa kokwengqondo ngaphezulu iziguli zabo kunokuba zenzane nabangane babo besilisa. "Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungezwani emisebenzini yezokwelapha kubonakala sengathi kuthwala ukuqala, noma ukuphulukisa, ukukhathalela, futhi.
Ucwaningo lwamanje luyisikhombisa sokuqala ukuthi ukungezwani okunjalo kungabangela ngandlela-thile ukuthi kube nemiphumela emihle yeziguli.
Abacwaningi abanalo umqondo oqondile ukuthi kungani lezi ziphumo zibonwa. Ubulili bezokwelapha akusho nje ukuthi isiguli esisebekhulile sihamba kangcono noma siphila ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela. Esikhundleni salokho, ubulili besidakamizwa uphawu lwezinye izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo ezifaka inhlalakahle yesiguli, njengokuthatha izinqumo zokwelashwa.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngokusekelwe kwedatha evela ezimbonini ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, amadoda angase angabi namabomu lapho exazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kule ncazelo ehlobene, akucaci ukuthi odokotela abahlukumezayo babhekana nemiphumela emihle noma embi kakhulu emitholampilo kunabalume besilisa noma besifazane. Idatha ye-Sociodemographic kulolu cwaningo kwakuyi-self-report, futhi izimpendulo zabahlanganyeli bezokwelapha zazilinganiselwe kumuntu noma owesifazane ... akukho okukhethwa kukho okwephula umthetho.
Yini Lokho Okushiwo Kuwe?
Okokuqala, ake ngitshele ukuthi yini imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ayisho. Le miphumela ayisho ukuthi esikhathini esilandelayo lapho othandekayo wakho ekhulile ehlala esibhedlela, owesifazane esibhedlela wesifazane uhamba phambili. Bonke odokotela bahlukile, futhi kukhona odokotela abaningi besilisa nabesifazane abahle kakhulu lapho. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphakamisa ukuhlangana phakathi kobulili wesibhedlela nokuthi amalungu eqembu lesiguli esithile ahamba kanjani ngemuva kokushiya esibhedlela-yilokho.
Enye incazelo engalungile yemiphumela yalolu cwaningo ihilela ukukhulisa lo mhlangano kuzo zonke izinhlobo zodokotela. Abacwaningi kulolu cwaningo babheka isiguli, noma esibhedlela, ukunakekelwa okuhlinzekwa ngabaqeqeshi besifazane nabesilisa jikelele. Nakuba ukungafani kokusebenza phakathi kwamantombazane abesilisa nabesifazane kuye kwabonwa ezilungiselelweni zezempilo ezisemaphandleni, akucaci ukuthi inhlangano phakathi kwemiphumela engcono yomtholampilo kanye nobulili besifazane yomhlinzeki wezempilo uyaxhunyaniswa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphesheya kwezemidlalo ekhethekile, futhi awunayo ubufakazi obusekela izixhumanisi ezinjalo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luzoba yisidingo sokwenza ukuthi ngabe lo mhlangano uqinisile kuzilungiselelo ezingaphandle kwesibhedlela.
Ngamanye amazwi, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo akufanele ilandele okukhethwa kukho ezihlukahlukene izilungiselelo zomtholampilo. Akufanele ufunde lesi sihloko noma isifundo bese uhlala ukhetha umhlinzeki wezempilo wesifazane, kungaba udokotela oyinhloko, udokotela ohlinzayo noma omunye ochwepheshe, ngoba ucabanga ukuthi uzokunikeza ukunakekelwa kangcono kunabo osebenza nabo besilisa.
Esikhundleni salokho, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingabaza ukucabanga okuvamile okukhona okukhona okukhona ukuthi odokotela besilisa nabesifazane kufanele bahlinzeke ngokunakekelwa okufanayo. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi kungase kube khona into ekhethekile mayelana nokunakekelwa kwabahlinzeki besibhedlela ababesifazane abahumushela ekusebenzeni kangcono. Akucaci ukuthi ngabe umehluko okhethekile ungafundiswa noma ukuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwamantombazane abo besilisa.
Ngokombono wezenhlalakahle, lolu cwaningo luyaqhubeka luveza iqiniso elibi labasebenzi; ukuthi noma ngabe owesifazane kufanele enze umsebenzi wakhe kangcono kunomuntu, cishe uzokhokha kancane. Eqinisweni, odokotela abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukukhokha imali eningi, futhi igebe lokukhokha ngokobulili cishe liyesabekayo futhi lidingekile, isibonelo, phakathi koomama abangabodwa abanenkinga yokuhlinzekela imindeni yabo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yalolu cwaningo lwakamuva oluvela eHarvard, umehluko wezinga lokwehlukanisa ngokobulili phakathi kwezibhedlela zesifazane kubonakala sengathi ukhululeka kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Corbett, C no Hill C. Ukuphothula ku-Pay Gap . www.aauw.org.
> Jena, AB, u-Olenski AR, no-Blumenthal DM. Ukwahlukana kocansi emtholampilo wezokwelapha ezikoleni zezempilo zikahulumeni zase-US. "I- JAMA Internal Medicine . 2016; 176: 9.
> I-Equal Pay Act ka-1963. I-US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm
> Tsugawa, Y, et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kweMpilo yokuBulawa kweziBhedlela kanye nokuBuyelwa kweMpilo yeziguli eziguqulwa yi-Male vs Physicians." I-JAMA Internal Medicine.