I-Zithromax ithatha izinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya.
I-Zithromax iyi-antibiotic ehlukahlukene esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka, kuhlanganise nezifo zesikhumba, izifo zendlebe, izifo zokuphefumula, nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Itholakala njengepilisi noma umjovo.
Indlela
I-antibiotic i-Zithromax (i-azithromycin) itholakala ku-erythromycin, enye uhlobo lwe-antibiotic. Nakuba kokubili "ama-macrolides," ngokuqondile iZithromax i-azalide, ne-erythromycin iyi-macrolide.
Ngamazwi amakhemikhali, i-Zithromax yabelana ngesakhiwo esifanayo se-lactose-macrolide njengoba i-erythromycin isindisa umjovo we-nitrogen methylated emgqeni we-lactone.
Lo mshwana omncane upheqa ukwenziwa kwebhaktheriya kaZithromax futhi kuyashintsha ngokuphawulekayo indlela yawo yokumisa umzimba. Nakuba i-erythromycin isetshenziselwa uhlelo lwe-cytochrome P450, i-Zithromax ayikho. Ngakho, i-Zithromax ixhumana nezidakamizwa ezimbalwa, futhi ngokungafani ne-erythromycin, ngeke ibe nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nesimiso (isib. Zocor noma Crestor).
Njengawo amanye ama-macrolides-erythromycin ne-clarithromycin-iZithromax esebenza ngokubopha amabhaktheriya 50S ribosomal subunit ngaleyo ndlela ephazamisa ikhono le-bacteria lokukhiqiza amaprotheni. Ama-bacteria adinga ukukhiqiza amaprotheni ukuba asinde. (Ngokuya ngomthamo, ama-macrolides angaba yi-bacteriostatic noma i-bacteriocidal.)
Ukuhlanganisa
Nazi ezinye zebhaktheriya ezenziwa yiZithromax:
- I-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- I-Toxoplasmosis gondii
- I-Haemophilus influenza
- I-Streptococcus kanye ne-staphylococcus (okusebenza kancane kancane kune-erythromycin)
- Helicobacter
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- I-Chlamydia
Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zikaZithromax:
- Izifo zokuphefumula
- Isikhumba nezinye izifo ezithintekayo
- Ukunciphisa okukhulu kwe-bacterial kwe-COPD
- I-Otitis media
- I-pneumonia etholakale umphakathi
- I-conjunctivitis ye-bacterial (ukutheleleka kweso)
- I-Mycobacterium avium complex noma i-MAC (ukutheleleka okuphephile okuphefumulayo okuvamile ne-AIDS)
- I-Chancroid
- I-Pharyngitis
- I-tonsillitis
- I-chlamydial cervicitis kanye ne-urethritis (igciwane lesandulela ngculazi)
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazinga aphezulu okuphikisa ama-antibiotic enza iZithromax ukhetho olubi lokuphatha izifo ezithile ezifana ne-pneumonia etholakale emphakathini, ama-otitis media (ukutheleleka kwezindlebe) kanye nesifo esiyingozi. Okubalulekile, i-Zithromax ayikwazi ukusebenza ekulwa nokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-MRSA, i-superbug ne-antibacterial resistance resistance.
Ngokuya endleleni yokuphatha, i-Zithromax itholakala kumathebulethi, ukumiswa ngomlomo, izijovo, nezixazululo ze-ophthalmic.
Nakuba engakwazi ukuwela umkhawulo wegazi-kanye nokuphatha i-meningitis), iZithromax ngokujulile igxilisa izicubu zethu. Lesi sidakamizwa siphinde sikhululwe kancane kancane ku-systemic circulation futhi sinokuphila kwengxenye yamahora angu-48. Lezi zakhiwo eziphathekayo ze-pharmacokinetic zinika abahlengikazi ukuba baqondise lesi sidakamizwa kakhulu. (Half-life is referring to the time it takes for the concentration of drug in the blood to decrease by half. If the half life is 48 hours, then 48 hours after the administration , isigamu somuthi uzosuswa egazini.)
Ngokuphathelene ne-cervicitis kanye ne-urethritis ebangelwa ukutheleleka nge-chlamydia, umthamo owodwa (umjovo) we-Zithromax usebenza ngokulinganayo njengenkambo yezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ze-doxycycline, ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa imithi yokungabi nandaba . (I-CDC itusa ukuthi odokotela baphathe i-gonorrhea kanye ne-chlamydia ndawonye, okuthiwa "ukubili" ukwelapha. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ngokuvamile ubeka isibhamu se-cephalosporin Rocephin ukuze aphathe i-gonorrhea, futhi.) Sicela wazi ukuthi kunengqondo yakho kadokotela noma ngabe ukukuphatha nge-Zithromycin nokuthi yiziphi izilinganiso. Uma unesithakazelo, sicela uxoxe ngaleyo ndlela ukwelashwa nodokotela wakho.
Imiphumela emibi
Nakuba kungenjengoba i-erythromycin enzima kakhulu, i-Zithromycin ingabangela nokucindezeleka kwamathumbu njengenhlamba noma ukuhlanza. Lezi zithonya ezingathandeki zingadambiswa ngokudla ukudla ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umthamo womlomo weZithromycin.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena noma othandekayo enesifo senhliziyo, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukugwema i-Zithromycin. Lesi sidakamizwa saziwa ngokubangela i-QT-prolongation, i-arrhythmia, nokufa okungazelelwe. Ngokuphawula, i-QT-prolongation iphazamisa iziqu zokuhlala.
Into enhle ngeZithromycin yukuthi isigamu sayo sempilo ende kanye nokulinganisa okuncane kunciphisa ukungabi nalutho. Isibonelo, umthamo owodwa walesi sidakamizwa esithathwe ehhovisi likadokotela ukuphathwa okuphelele; kanti, uma kufanele uthathe i-doxycycline ngokwakho isonto, ungakhohlwa noma ushiye.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-Zithromycin enqunyiwe yokutheleleka kokuphefumula, ukutheleleka komlomo nokunye okunjalo, kunesidingo kithi ukubona ukwelashwa ngokusebenzisa. Uma singaphumeleli ukuqeda ukwelashwa nokuqedela amabhaktheriya okubulala emzimbeni wethu, amabhaktheriya anomelana nokusinda futhi asakazeka - ukuthelela abanye, ukubuyisela futhi ukuphikisa amanye amabhaktheriya.
Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi ngokuqeda ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic, sinegalelo ekuphikeleni kwama-antibiotic, okuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke. Impi yokulwa nokulwa nama-antibiotic ingenye yezinkinga eziqhubekayo nokugeleza, kanti eziningi zokunqoba kwezokwelapha zangaphambili zahlanza. Kumelwe sonke senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukulwa nokulwa nokulwa namagciwane.
> Imithombo
> Deck DH, Winston LG. Isahluko 44. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones. Ku: Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. ama-eds. I-Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> I- Mosby's Drug Reference ye-Health Professionals, i-Second Edition eyanyatheliswa ngu-Elsevier ngo-2010.
> O'Donnell MR, uSoukkonen JJ. Isahluko 168. Ama Agent Antimycobacterial. Ku: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. I-Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine, 18e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.