Kungaphezu Kwama-Semantics Nje.
Ngenkathi amagama athi "ezithathelwanayo" futhi "esithathelwanayo" avame ukusetshenziswa ngokungafaniyo ukuchaza izifo, empeleni zisho izinto ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Kulula, isifo esithathelwanayo yisifo esingabangela ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma i-microorganism ingena emzimbeni wakho, futhi yenza ukhululeke. Ukuze amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta, lokhu kusho ukuhlukanisa nokwandisa amaseli amasha ngesilinganiso sokuhlola.
Ama-virus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anesisindo esengeziwe sokufaka amangqamuzana omuntu futhi athathe izindawo zabo zokulawula ukuze bakwazi ukwenza okuningi ngokwabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-agent noma indlela, kuthinteka ngaphakathi: ama-pathogens angena ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho futhi asakazeka kuwo wonke. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangela izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi akusho.
Izifo ezingabonakali
I- papillomavirus yomuntu iyisibonelo se-pathogen engabangela ukutheleleka kodwa hhayi ngempela izimpawu. Cishe bonke abantu abadala base-United States bazongenwa yi-HPV, kodwa iningi labo alinakuqaphela. Ngenkathi igciwane lingabangela imilenze yezitho zangasese noma umdlavuza kwabanye abantu, iningi lesikhathi alibangeli izimpawu nhlobo. Umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukususa ukutheleleka ngaphandle kokuthi ugule-kodwa ungasakaza kwabanye.
Izifo ezikhulumayo
Isifo esithathelanayo sisifo esithathelwanayo. Umphumela ungaphandle. Uma othile ebamba lesi sifo, angagula futhi asakaze i-pathogen-kungaba yisifo esibandayo, igciwane, noma enye i-agent edala isifo-kumuntu olandelayo.
Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhumeni okuncane, okuqhelile noma izifo ezigcwele.
Isibonelo salokho kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka e-United States kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi: umkhuhlane . Njengoba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza liyadluliselwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu nangokwezinto ezingcolile, igciwane liyasakazeka kabanzi. Kuwo wonke umuntu oyedwa ophethe umkhuhlane, omunye komunye kwababili uzogonywa uma bengenamandla omzimba.
Lelizinga lokuthi i-pathogen lingasakazeka kanjani ngokushesha libizwa ngokuthi inombolo eyisisekelo yokuzala, noma i- R0 , futhi itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezici ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuthi i-microbe ihamba kanjani kubantu abasha.
Izindlela Zokudluliswa
Imvelo ayinakho ukushiyeka kokudala ukuthi izifo zingakwazi kanjani ukuhamba phakathi kwabantu. Lezi zimbalwa zezindlela ezivame ukwedlula zonke ama-microbes asetshenziselwa ukusakazeka.
Umuntu nomuntu
Ama-pathogens aphuma komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye angadluliselwa ngezindlela eziningana, njengamaconsi okuphefumula afana nokukhwehlela noma ukukloloda, umsebenzi wobulili, ukuxhumana negazi, noma kusukela kumama kuya komntwana ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, ukubeletha noma ukubeletha.
Ukugula okusebenzayo lapho uhlambalaza noma ukukhwehlela okuningi kunganika amathuba omzimba amaningi amathuba okusabalalisa, kodwa akudingeki ube nezimpawu ezithathelwanayo. Awudingi ngisho nokuba ube nxazonke. Izitshalo, isibonelo, zingadluliselwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba uthuthukise ukushaywa kwe- telltale , futhi igciwane lingakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni isikhathi eside nje uma usuvele ushiye ekamelweni.
Ama-Vectors
Amanye ama-microbes awasakazwa kusuka komuntu kuya komunye umuntu, kodwa kunokuba ahambe nomuntu ongasese-vector-umuntu. Ebhekene nezigidi zezifo minyaka yonke, umiyane ungenye yezilwane ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isifo sengculaza , isibonelo, sisakazwa yizinyosi ezithathelwana ngegciwane ngemuva kokushaya umuntu onesifo, bese-ke zidlulisa ama-parasite kumuntu olandelayo abalumayo.
Ukuba khona kwamiyane kuphela okwanele ukusakazeka izifo. Ziyingozi nje. Uma kungenabo abantu abano-malaria, izinyosi azikwazi ukusakaza lesi sifo.
Amafomu
Ezinye izifo azidingi ngisho nezinto eziphilayo ukutheleleka abantu abasha-nje nje ukuba bangene kuwo. Esinye sezizathu zokuhlanza izandla kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo ngoba kukhona ithoni yezinto esizithinta nsuku zonke ezigcwele amagciwane angakwenza ugula.
Ngenkathi yokubandayo neyomkhuhlane, engekho-ukucabangela ingqondo ekhaleni eligijimayo bese uthinta i-cockorkob kuyindlela evamile yokuthi amagciwane aphephe uhambo oluya kumuntu olandelayo. Uma ufika emva kwabo ukuvula umnyango ofanayo, ama-virus afika esikhumbeni sakho futhi ulindele ithuba lokungena ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho-kaningi uma uthinta ekhaleni lakho noma ugoqa amehlo akho.
Ukudla okungcolile noma Amanzi
Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokugoma amagciwane ihamba ngomzila we-fecal-ngomlomo-okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ukudla noma amanzi aphikisiwe yi-fecal, okusho ukuthi i-poop. Ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi kungangcoliswa uma abantu abanegciwane bengagcini izandla ngaphambi kokwenza ukudla kwangaphambi kokudla noma uma bengenawo udoti olwanele uma beya endlini yokugezela. Lesi yisizathu esiningi sokudla ubuthi.
Ukutheleleka Kodwa Akungakhulumi
Ngenkathi zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo zithathelwana, akuzona zonke izifo ezidluliswayo. I-tetetus , isibonelo, ingabangela ukutheleleka, kepha umuntu onetetanus akakwazi ukusakaza kwabanye abantu. Ama-bacteria ahlala ekungcolile nasothuli, futhi angene ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa izibhamu ezifana nokusikeka, ukukhwabanisa, noma ama-punctures. Nakuba i-pathogen ingaholela ekutheleleni okubi kakhulu nokugula kubantu, cishe ngokuqinisekile ngeke kubangele ubhubhane emhlabeni wonke.
> Imithombo:
> I-Mayo Clinic. Izifo ezithathelwanayo.
> I-Mount Sinai Hospital. Izindlela Zokudluliswa Kwezifo. UMnyango WezeMpilobiology.