I- pharynx , isikhumba esivela emakhaleni nasemlonyeni oholela esiswini nasemaphaphini, isilula esilula ukutheleleka nokucasula okubangelwa umphimbo obuhlungu. Ama-agent abangela amagciwane afana namagciwane okuphefumula namabhaktheriya enza ukuba umphimbo wesifo-futhi ngokuvamile, futhi ezimweni eziningi, kufanelekile uma ushaywa. Kodwa ezinye izimbangela kufanele zicatshangelwe, kuhlanganise nezifo, ukubhema ugwayi, ngisho nomoya owomile.
Ukukhathazeka okuthile kwezempilo, okufana ne-acid reflux, kungabangela nesifo somzimba. Ngisho nesenzo esilula sokumemeza noma ukucula ngokuzwakalayo kungalimaza umphimbo, kubangele ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Nakuba abantu abaningi bazokwazi imbangela yomlomo wabo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesifo noma ukulimala okubonakalayo, abanye bangadinga udokotela ukuze ahlolwe. Nazi izimbangela ezijwayelekile kunazo zonke zomkhuhlane omncane, kusukela ezincane, izifo ezitholakala endaweni yangasese kuya kwesifo esibi kakhulu, isistimu:
Izifo Zesandulela Ngculaza
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubangaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izifo ze-pharyngitis, kanti ubanda obuvamile- obandakanywa yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zegciwane, kuhlanganise i-adenovirus, i-rhinoviruses, ne-coronaviruses-iholela endleleni. Umphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane evamile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa kwemanal, ukukhipha, ukuphuza ikhanda, ikhanda, nomkhuhlane. I-tonsillitis ingabuye ithuthuke.
Ezinye izifo ezithinta amagciwane ezihambisana ne-pharyngitis zihlanganisa:
- I-Orthomyxovirus, umndeni wamagciwane e-influenza
- I-infonous mononucleosis , ebangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr
- I-coxsackievirus ne-echovirus, okwenza amabhuleki emlonyeni nasemqaleni nangomuthi we-herpangina ebantwaneni abancane
- I-virus ye-measles (ukugoma efanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lokhu)
- I-Herpes simplex virus (HSV), engabangela i-lesion ulcerous emqaleni
- I-HIV: Umkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane zingase zivele ngaphambi kokutheleleka. Kamuva, umphimbo wesihlungu ungase uhambe nezifo ezincane, njenge-cytomegalovirus nezifo ezifakiwe.
Nakuba izifo ezithile zegciwane, njenge-HSV, zingelashwa ngezidakamizwa ze-antiviral, ezinye eziningi (kubandakanya isisulu, i-mononucleosis, kanye nesifo esivamile) azikho ukwelashwa.
Ukutheleleka kwamaBhaktheriya
Ukutheleleka eziningana zebhaktheriya kungabangela isisu somzimba. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu yi- Streptococcus pyogenes , ama-bacterium ahlobene ne- strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis). Kucatshangelwa ukuphendula ngamaphesenti angu-10 kuphela omphimbo womzimba kubantu abadala nabantwana abancane kodwa kuze kube yingxenye yesithathu yomphimbo wesifo emantwaneni esikoleni.
Umgogodla we-throrewu uyingcosana kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ukutheleleka okukhulu kakhulu. I-Strep ayibangeli izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela nokuxubana. Izimpawu zingabandakanya umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula, nokuvuvukala okubonakalayo komphimbo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezincane zomlomo wegciwane zihlanganisa:
- I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae (i-gonorrhea)
- I-Bordetella pertussis ( okhwehlela ukukhwehlela )
- I-tonsillitis yamabhaktheriya
- I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokusakaza kungaba isikrini somugqa we-strep. Isiko lomphimbo singabona noma sisize ukubusa imbangela yebhaktheriya.
Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kusekelwe kulawo ma-bacterium atholakele.
Izifo ZamaFungal
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sesifo sengqondo somlomo we-fungal ngu- Candida albicans, uhlobo lwesilonda esibangela kokubili ukuhlunga ngomlomo kanye nokutheleleka kwemvubelo. Ukutheleleka kubonakala kuvela kubantu abanamasosha omzimba acindezelwe ngamacala ahlukumezekile ngokuvamile abonakala kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi . Abanye abasengozini bahlanganisa nanoma ubani osebenzisa i-steroids engenayo, egqoke amazinyo noma abe nesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki.
I-thrush yomlomo (ngokuvamile i- candidiasis yomlomo ) ingase ingabi namabala kodwa, kwezinye izimo, ingabangela ukukhathazeka komlomo, ulimi, nomphimbo. Uma kuhilela isifo, i-candidiasis ibhekwa njengeyingozi.
Izifo ze-Fungal ezinjengalezi ziphathwa ngemithi ye-antifungal.
I-allergic Pharyngitis ne-Postnasal Drip
I-pharyngitis ye-allergen ukuvuvukala komphimbo kubangelwa ngokuyinhloko yi-allergen engena ekhaleni noma emlonyeni. Ungase uzwe lokhu uma iphunga lakho likhuphukile ngenxa yezinkinga zonyaka, ukuphoqa ukuba uphefumule ngomlomo wakho. Izishukela zimile, okwenza lokho kuzwela nokucasula. Ungase ube ne-postnasal drip njengoba umcucu uphuma emagcekeni akho asele phansi ngemuva komphimbo wakho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala komphimbo kanye namathoni. Noma, ungase uzizwe unomunwe emhlane wakho.
Kwezinye izimo, ukungezwani komzimba kungathinta ngqo umphimbo. Lokhu kungabonakala ezimweni ze- anaphylaxis , ukusabela okungasongela impilo eminye imithi (njenge-penicillin), ukudla (njengezinkukhu), noma izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bempendulo, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, ukuqhuma, umkhuhlane, nokuphefumula okunzima noma ukugwinya. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela ekuqhumeni komphimbo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukushaqeka, ngisho nokufa.
I-Acidx ye-Acid ne-GERD
I-reflux ye-Acid ivela lapho isisu se-acid noma i-bile ibheke phezulu emphinjeni. Zombili lezi zimpukane zokugaya izidakamizwa ziyacasula emgqeni we-mucosal we-pharynx ne-opopus. I-reflux ye-Acid ingabangela umphimbo wesifo , ikakhulu uma uvuka ekuseni noma ngemuva kokulala phansi okwesikhashana. I-reflux ye-acid iyenzeka ngezizathu eziningi kuhlanganise nokuhluleka kwe- sphincter esezansi engezansi (LES) ukuvala noma imfuyo yokuzala .
Ngenkathi i-reflux ye-acid ingaba umphumela oqondile wento okumele udle noma uphuze ngayo, ingase ibe yinto ephikisayo ebizwa ngokuthi isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal ( GERD ). Lapho isisu se-asidi esivame ukuvuka emqaleni, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-reflux yama-laryngopharyngeal.
Ezinye izinkathazo
Ezinye izimbangela ze-pharyngitis zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphefumula komlomo, ikakhulukazi uma ulele
- Ukulimala okuqondile komlomo ekungeneni iziphuzo ezishisayo noma amakhemikhali, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa emqaleni
- Ukuhlinzwa okunamandla noma ukuthungwa kwemimoya ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwamanye amasayithi, kubangela ukuhlukunyezwa nokuvuvukala ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa
- Umzimba we-muscle kubangelwa ukukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo noma isikhathi eside
- Izilonda zomsindo we-Benign ezibangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuhlukumezeka kuya ezintanjeni zamagama
- I-Epiglottitis (ukuvuvukala kwesembozo se-windpipe)
- I-peritonsillar abscess (isifo se-tonsillitis)
- Umdlavuza ononya
- Antipsychotics nezinye izidakamizwa (njenge-pramipexole esetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-Parkinson's)
I-Genetics
Ayikho ingxenye eyaziwayo yesifo sofuzo engozini yezimbangela eziningi zesifo somzimba, nakuba kungase kube khona ukufakwe kwezakhi zofuzo ku-GERD.
Kukhona nesimo sezakhi zofuzo ekuthuthukiseni umkhuhlane we-rheumatic ngemuva kokuba nomugudu we-strep throat. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izingane ezinezifo ezithinteka ngokwezakhi zofuzo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala ezimweni ezingekho emphakathini, zingase zithole umkhuhlane we-rheumatic emva kokutheleleka kwe-strep.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Izimbangela ezithile ezibangelwa isifo somzimba, njengokusabela komzimba wakho ku-allergen, azikho ngaphansi kokulawula kwakho. Kodwa nakhu okunye ongakwenza ukuthi ube nomthelela owedlula:
Ama-Irritants no-Toxin
Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezithile kungabangela ukuvuvukala okuqondile kwe-pharynx nezitho ezihlobene. Eminye i-irritants ephazamisekile efana nokungcola komoya, umusi wesigare, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza. Ezinye zihlobene nokudla nezinye izinto ozidlayo, ezifana nokuphuza utshwala, ukudla okuneziphuzo, noma ukubhema ugwayi.
Ngisho nomoya owomile ungabhekwa njengento evuthayo, ngoba ukungabi nomswakama kungashiya umphimbo wakho uzizwe unomile futhi uvunguza. Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni ezimile. Kokubili umoya oshisayo nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-air conditioner kungabangela ukucasuka komlomo.
Ukuhlanzeka
Ukugeza izandla okulula kwenza kube lula ngawe ukuthi uphathe izifo ezihlobene nama-germs ongayithola esikhathini sakho, kuhlanganise nalabo abangela ingozi yokutheleleka kokuphefumula kanye nomphimbo ohlosiwe.
Ukugonywa kwezifo
Ukuthola lo mdlalo wonyaka kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yemfululela.
Izilungiselelo
I-throp throat and colds ingasakazeka kalula ezindaweni lapho abantu abaningi behlangana khona, ikakhulukazi esiteshini esiseduze, njengezikhungo zokuqeqesha ezempi. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izingane zesikole kanye nalabo abasesikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwamasango zijwayele ukushisa nokusabalala komgwaqo we-strep ngenxa yokuba ngamaqembu nezinye izingane. Abazali bangase babambe lezi zifo ezivela ezinganeni zabo.
Ngenkathi ungase ungakwazi ukuzisusa kulolu hlobo lokuchayeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukwazi lokhu kungakusiza ukuba ukhuthele ngemikhuba engakusiza ukugwema ukubamba izifo (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinsuku eziphakeme), njengokuhlanza izandla nokugwema ukuphuza imithombo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezwi lakho
Ungase ube nesimiso somphimbo obuhlungu uma ukhokhela izintambo zakho zomlomo nemisipha yomphimbo ngokukhala, ukukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo, noma ukucula isikhathi eside.
Imithombo:
> I-Addey D, iShaphard A. Ukukhubazeka, Izimbangela, Ukukhathazeka Nokunakekelwa Kokukhathazeka Okumnandi: Inhlolovo Yombuzo We-Four-Region Online Questionnaire. I-BMC Indlebe, i-Eose, ne-Throat Disorders . 2012; 12: 9. i-doi: 10.1186 / 1472-6815-12-9.
> Engel ME, Stander R, Vogel J, Adeyemo AA, iMayosi BM. Ukwehluleka Kwemvelo Ukuthola I-Rheumatic Fever Eyinkimbinkimbi: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Nokuhlaziywa Kwezinguquko Ze-Twin. PLoS One . 2011; 6 (9): 1-6.
> Hildreth A, Takhar S, Clark M, Hatten B. Ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ebufakazini kanye nokuphathwa kweziguli ezine-Pharyngitis Emnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo. Ukuzikhandla Kwezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo. 2015: 15 (9): 1-16.
> Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A. Izinto ezingokwemvelo nezingezona ezithathelwanayo ku-Aetiology ye-Pharyngitis (i-Sore Throat). Ucwaningo lokuvuvukala. 2012; 61 (10): 1041-1052. i-doi: 10.1007 / s00011-012-0540-9.
> Worrall G. Acute Sore Throat. I-Canadian Family Physician. 2011; 57 (7): 791-794.