Imigomo yezigaba ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo
Iyini injongo yokwelashwa kwemitholampilo futhi yini okudingeka ukwazi uma uhlola enye yalezi zifundo? Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zizungezwe ngenye imfihlakalo, futhi abantu abaningi bayakhathazeka lapho becela ukuba bacabangele ukubhalisa kwelinye lalezi zifundo. Ukuqonda injongo yocwaningo kanye nokungafani
Injongo Yonke Yezilingo Zemitholampilo
Inhloso yokuvivinywa komtholampilo ukuthola izindlela zokuvimbela, ukuxilonga noma ukuphatha izifo ngokuphumelelayo.
Zonke izidakamizwa nenqubo esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza yabuye yafundwa njengengxenye yesilingo somtholampilo.
Nakuba izinkolelo eziphathelene nokuvivinywa kwemitholampilo zivame - ingabe wake wazizwa uhlaya lwengulube? Kungasiza ukuqonda ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okuvunyiwe ozothola njengendlela yokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwake kwafundwa esilingo somtholampilo futhi kutholakala ukuthi uphakeme noma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunalokho okwakusetshenziswe ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi.
Ngenkathi inhloso yokwelashwa kwemitholampilo kwezocwaningo lwezokwelapha engashintshi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, kubalulekile - futhi ikakhulukazi ingabonakali - izinguquko ezenzekayo indima yesiguli ngasinye esihlanganyela kulezi zivivinyo. Sizoxoxa ngaleyo ndlela ngezansi, emva kokuxoxa ngezinhloso ezicacile zezinhlobo ezahlukene nezigaba zokwelashwa kwemitholampilo.
Inhloso Yezinhlobonhlobo Zemizamo Yomtholampilo
Inhloso yezilingo ezahlukene zihluka kuye ngokuthi umbuzo obuzwa njengengxenye yocwaningo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwemithi zihlanganisa:
- Izivivinyo zokuvimbela. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola izindlela zokuvimbela isifo noma ukucindezeleka kwesifo ekungenakwenzeka.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola. Izivivinyo zokuhlola zifuna izindlela zokuthola umdlavuza esiteji esingaphatha kakhulu. Isibonelo, uzama ukuthola indlela yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esingaphambili kunalokho okuvame ukutholakala. Zibizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuqala.
- Ukuvivinywa kokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kuhloswe ngezindlela ezingcono futhi ezingenasidingo zokuxilonga umdlavuza.
- Izivivinyo zokwelapha. Abantu bajwayele ukujwayela ukuhlolwa, izifundo ezifuna imithi nezinqubo ezisebenza kangcono noma zibekezelela kangcono ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.
- Izinga lokuhlolwa kokuphila. Izivivinyo ezifuna izindlela ezingcono zokuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okusekela abantu abanomdlavuza zibaluleke kakhulu futhi ziba zivame kakhulu.
Inhloso Yezigaba Ezihlukene Zemibuzo Yokwelapha
Ngaphandle kokutadisha uhlobo oluthile, ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa kwehlelwe phansi zibe yizigaba kubandakanya:
- Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba 1. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ngenani elincane labantu futhi zenzelwe ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile .
- Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sesi-2 . Ngemuva kokuba ukwelashwa kubhekwa njengokuphephile, kuhlolwe esilingo sesigaba sesibili ukuze sibone ukuthi siyasebenza yini .
- Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sesi-3 . Uma ukwelashwa kutholakala ukuthi kuphephile futhi kusebenza kahle, khona-ke kuhlolwe kusivivinyo sesigaba sesi-3 ukubona ukuthi kusebenza kangcono kunezokwelapha ezivamile, noma kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunezokwelapha ezijwayelekile. Uma umuthi utholakala ukuthi usebenza kahle noma uvikelekile esivivinyweni sesigaba sesi-3, ungabuye uhlolwe ukugunyazwa kwe-FDA.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba 4. Ngokuvamile imithi ivunyiwe (noma ingavunyelwe) yi-FDA ekuphelelweni kwesilingo sesigaba sesi-3. Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba 4 kwenziwa ngemva kokugunyazwa kwe-FDA futhi kungenziwa ukuze kunqume ukuthi umuthi womdlavuza osebenza engxenyeni eyodwa yomdlavuza ingase iphumelele kwenye ingxenye encane yomdlavuza.
Indlela Inhloso Yezivivinyo Zemitholampilo Ngukushintsha Kwabantu Banye
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ngenkathi inhloso yokuhlolwa kwemithi yokwelashwa engashintshi, kunendlela engavumelani lapho lezi zivivinyo ziguqulela ngempela abahlanganyeli ngabanye - ushintsho oluhambisana nokuqonda kwethu okuthuthukisiwe kwe-genetics kanye ne-immunology yezifo.
Isibonelo sifanele amakhasi wamagama, ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene lapho izilingo zomtholampilo ziguquka.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, uhlobo oluningi lokuvivinywa lube yizivivinyo zesigaba sesi-3. Lezi zilingo ngokuvamile zihlola inani elikhulu labantu ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kungcono yini kunokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
Ngalezi zivivinyo, ngezinye izikhathi umehluko omncane phakathi kwezinga elijwayelekile kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlola. Isidakamizwa sokuhlolwa komtholampilo cishe siphephile njengoba sesifinyelele kuleli phuzu, kodwa akukhona neze ithuba elikhulu lokuthi lizosebenza kangcono kakhulu kunezokwelapha ezidala.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuye kwaba nenani elikhulayo lezinyathelo zesigaba 1 ezenziwe ngomdlavuza eminyakeni yamuva. Lezi, njengoba kuphawuliwe, yizifundo zokuqala ezenziwa kubantu, emva kokuba izidakamizwa zihlolwe ebhodini futhi mhlawumbe ezilwaneni. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa ngokuqinisekile zithwala ingozi njengoba umgomo oyinhloko ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile, futhi inani elincane kuphela labantu lifakiwe kulezi zifundo. Kodwa kaningi kukhona okungenzeka okungcono kakhulu - okungenani kunikezwa izinhlobo zokwelapha okwamanje ezifaka ukuhlolwa - ukuthi lezi zonyango zinganikeza ithuba lokusinda ngokumangalisayo kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Kwabanye abantu lezi zidakamizwa zinikeze ithuba lokuphila , njengoba kungekho mithi esesigabeni esisha esavunyelwe.
Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kuzwakale njenge-lottery, kodwa lokhu sekuguqukile naseminyakeni yamuva. Eminyakeni edlule isilingo sesigaba soku-1 kungenzeka sibe nesigwegwe esiningi ebumnyameni, sifuna noma yini yokuphatha umdlavuza . Manje, eziningi zalezi zidakamizwa zenzelwe ukukhomba izinqubo ezithile ze-molecular kumaseli omdlavuza ezihlolwe kulabo abazothola izidakamizwa ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo.
Ngamanye amazwi, indlela yesibili eyinhloko lapho ukuhlolwa kobucholuka kuguquka ikakhulukazi okumele kube ngowokuqala. Uhlelo lwe-genome lomuntu luvule iminyango nemishayo emisha eminingi, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuba bakhe izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe ezikhomba ngokuqondile okungafani nokuhlukile okuhlukile kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- immunotherapy ivumela abacwaningi ukuba bathole izindlela zokwengeza nokuhlanganisa ikhono lomzimba wethu wokulwa nomdlavuza.
Kudinga ukuhlanganyela kokuhlolwa kweMitholampilo
Incazelo eyedlule eyedlule yenguquko emilenzeni yezokwelapha ingaba nethemba lokunciphisa ezinye ukwesaba mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamakliniki. Akukhona kuphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kukwazi ukuhambisa imithi phambili, kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezibalulekile endleleni esiphatha ngayo umdlavuza, sithatha amandla okuhlomula abantu ngabanye abanomdlavuza kunanini ngaphambili.
Lokho kusho ukuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-20 abanomdlavuza abangase bazuze ekuhlolweni kwesilingo babhalisile. Khuluma ne- oncologist yakho. Funda ngezilingo zomtholampilo. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngokubonga izinhlangano eziningana zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zenze isevisi yamahhala yokulinganisa imitholampilo yamahhala . Qinisekisa ukuba ngummeli wakho siqu ekunakekeleni kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-Memorial Sloan Isikhungo Somdlavuza We-Cantering. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo.