Ukuvivinywa kwemitholampilo kubaluleke kakhulu-yiyo kuphela indlela izidakamizwa nezinqubo ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza ezitholakala khona. Naphezu kwalokhu, kuphela amaphesenti angu-5 omdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza abandakanyeka ekuhlolweni komtholampilo njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwabo. Kungani? Izinkolelo eziphathelene nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, njengengulube ye-guinea ziye zasakazwa futhi zifanekiselwa emidlalweni yamahlaya.
Ziyini lezi zindabakwane futhi yiziphi amaqiniso mayelana nezifundo zezokwelapha zomdlavuza?
Inganekwane # 1 - Wena uyiPig Guinea
Ngokungafani nedumela labo ngezinye izikhathi, awuyona ingulube ye-Guinea uma uhlanganyela ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo. Kodwa kusiza ukuqaphela isigaba sesilingo somtholampilo osinikezwayo, nenhloso yalesi sigaba esithile.
Esikhathini esiningi ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuhilela ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa okuye kwasetshenziselwa abantu abaningi kakade futhi kungase kusebenze kangcono kunezokwelapha ezijwayelekile. Isivivinyo sesigaba sesi-3 - isigaba sokuvivinywa okuvame ukuba nenani elikhulu labantu ababhalisile - kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuphendula umbuzo "ingabe lokhu ukwelashwa kusebenza kangcono kunokwelashwa okuvamile, noma kunemiphumela emibi engaphansi kokuphathwa okujwayelekile ? "Isigaba 3 yisinyathelo sokugcina ngaphambi kokuba imithi ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngenqubo yokugunyaza ye-FDA.
Ngaphambi kokufaka isilingo sesigaba sesi-3, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba 2 kwenziwa. Isivivinyo sesigaba sesibili sesivivinyo senziwa ukuphendula umbuzo, "ingabe lo msebenzi ukwelapha?"
Ngesinye isikhathi isilingo somtholampilo senziwa okokuqala kubantu emva kokuhlola imithi noma ukwelashwa ezilwaneni. Lezi zivivinyo, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba 1 , kuvamise kwenziwa ngenani elincane labantu kuphela, futhi lenzelwe ukuphendula lo mbuzo, "ingabe lokhu kukwelashwa kuphephile?"
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukungena kwecala lomtholampilo, abacwaningi bazoxoxa nawe ngesigaba sesilingo somtholampilo osibukayo, ukuthi yini ongayilindela, nezinkinga ezingenzeka. Ngokuvamile, iningi labantu abanomdlavuza - amaphesenti angu-97 - abambe iqhaza ekumangalisweni komtholampilo ukuthi kwakuyisipiliyoni esihle.
Inganekwane # 2 - Kumele Uhlanganyele Esivivinyweni Sezokwelapha Uma Akukho Okunye Okusebenzayo
Ukuqonda izigaba ezichazwe ngenhla kungasiza ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Kwezinye izimo, impendulo ingase ibe yebo - uma kungekho okunye okusebenza kwesigaba sokuqala sesivivinyo kungakusiza uqhubeke ucwaningo kwabanye ngesifo sakho (futhi unethuba elincane lokwenza umehluko nawe.) Kodwa ngokuvamile, abantu bahlanganyela ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo ngezinye izizathu. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ze-Cancer ziyatholakala kubantu kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo sabo. Ngokucwaninga okusha mayelana ne-genetics yomdlavuza kanye nentuthuko elandelwayo yezokwelapha ezihlosiwe (izindlela zokwelapha ezihlose ukungajwayelekile emangqamuzaneni yomdlavuza futhi ngokuvamile zenza ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunezindlela zamakhemikhali zendabuko), kungenzeka ukuthi kwabanye abantu ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kunganconywa njenge ukwelashwa kokuqala ngemva kokuxilongwa.
Inganekwane # 3 - Isivivinyo Sezokwelapha Siyakwazi Ukubona Uma Abantu Bangaphila Kude
Lokhu akuyona inganekwane.
Ngezinye izikhathi ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwenziwa ukuze ubone ukuthi abantu bayosinda isikhathi eside ngelashwa olusha. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zihlola izinto ngaphandle kokusinda, njengekhwalithi yokuphila. Isibonelo, isidakamizwa singase sihlolwe esilingo somtholampilo ukuze sibone ukuthi sinciphisa i-nausea e-chemotherapy kangcono kunezokwelapha zamanje ezitholakalayo. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwamtholampilo. Ezinye izindlela zokutadisha ukuvimbela umdlavuza. Abanye babheka izindlela zokuhlola noma ukuxilonga umdlavuza.
Inganekwane # 4 - Uma Usenkingeni Yomtholampilo Awukwazi Ukushintsha Ingqondo Yakho
Uma uhilelekile esilingo somtholampilo ungayeka ukuhlanganyela esifundweni noma kunini lapho ufisa ukumisa khona.
Awusoze waphoqeleka ukuba uqhubeke uma uthola imiphumela emibi engenakubekezeleleka noma uma unesinye isizathu othanda ukuyeka.
Inganekwane # 5 - Ngeke Ukwazi Uma Uthola Imithi Emisha noma Imithi Edala noma i-Placebo
Ezinye izifundo zokwelapha zineqembu le-placebo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi usengozini yokuthola noma yimaphi ukwelashwa lapho ukwelashwa okungakusiza kuyatholakala. Ama-placebos awavamile ukusetshenziswa ezinhlolweni zokwelapha ukuze athole ukwelashwa kwemithi yomdlavuza, futhi uma kungenzeka ukuthi uzothola i-placebo, uzokwaziswa ngokucacile. Iqembu le-placebo lingasetshenziswa uma imithi noma inqubo ihlolwe ukuze ibone ukuthi iphumelela kangcono kunokwenza lutho. Futhi - uma ngabe izidakamizwa / inqubo yokuhlola noma inqubo ilula kangcono kune-placebo, uvivinyo lomtholampilo luzovalwa ukuze kuvunyelwe labo abathola i-placebo ukuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okuboniswayo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izifundo eziningi "ziphuphuthekiswe kabili." Lokhu kusho ukuthi wena noma odokotela bakho abazi ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma ukwelashwa okuhlolwayo ekutadisheni. Kodwa futhi, uma ukwelashwa okunye kutholakala ngaphambi kokucwaninga kuqedile ukuphakama ngokucacile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelashwa kokutadisha noma ukwelashwa okuvamile - lo cwaningo luzophazanyiswa ukuvumela labo abaye bathola lokho okubonakala kubonakala bangokwelapha thola ukwelashwa okuphakeme. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqonda amagama esigameko esivivinyo somtholampilo .
Inganekwane # 6 - Ukulingwa Kwemithi Yomtholampilo Ungase Ulahlekelwe Kweminye Imithi
Uma uhlolwe isilingo somtholampilo, futhi uma ukwelashwa okungcono kutholakala, uzokwaziswa lokhu ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela ekulingweni. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi ukuthola ukwelashwa - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma ukwelashwa kwemithi yokwelapha - kusho ukuthi ungafaneleki ukuhlolwa okuhlukile komtholampilo esikhathini esizayo. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokucophelela nge-oncologist yakho nabacwaningi besifundo ukuze ufunde ukuthi kuzoba yini ukulinganiselwa esikhathini esizayo uma ubamba iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.
Inganekwane # 7 - Ukwelashwa Ozoyithola Kungcono Kunayo Ukwelashwa Okuvamile
Esifundweni somtholampilo, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukwelashwa ozothola kungcono kunokwelashwa okuvamile. Yileso senhloso yesilingo somtholampilo. Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, iziguli zomdlavuza wamaphaphu okuthiwa okuthiwa i- ALK-positive umdlavuza wamaphaphu , ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuvunywe yi-FDA, abacwaningi bangaqiniseka ukuthi lesi sigaba somuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu singenza kangcono emithi yokwelashwa yomtholampilo kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile.
Inganekwane # 8 - Akekho Omunye Ongayithola Ukwelashwa Okutholakala Ukuba Kuphakeme kuze Kuze Kube Isivivinyo Senziwa
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kutholakala ukuthi kuphakeme ngokucacile kunokwelashwa okujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwecala lomtholampilo. Abanye abantu abagula kakhulu bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngaphandle kwesivivinyo somtholampilo ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa komusa" noma ukufinyelela okukhulisiwe .
Inganekwane # 9 - Umndeni Wami Nabangane Bangifisa Ukuba Ngilindele Ngakho Ngidinga Ukuhlanganyela
Ukubamba iqhaza ekuvivinyweni komtholampilo yisinqumo somuntu siqu. Nakuba ungakwamukela imibono evela kwabathandekayo bakho nabanikezeli bezempilo, nguwe kuphela onganquma ukuthi ukulungele yini wena.
Inganekwane # 10 - U-Oncologist wakho Uyokwazisa Uma Ungumbuzo Wokulingwa Kwemitholampilo
Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyiqiniso. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi oncologists ngabantu. Akekho owaziyo yonke inhlolovo yomtholampilo yomdlavuza eqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke, kanye nezidingo eziqondile kanye nemingcele yeziguli okufanele zibhalise. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izivivinyo zemitholampilo azikwenziwa njalo kuzo zonke izikhungo zomdlavuza.
Udokotela wakho angancoma isilingo somtholampilo esikhungweni sakho somdlavuza noma angase ancome ukuthi uhambele kwenye isikhungo somdlavuza ukuze uhlanganyele ekuvivinyweni. Kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukuhlola ukuvivinywa kwemitholampilo ngomdlavuza wakho we-inthanethi. Njengoba lokhu kungase kudideke, kunezinsizakalo ezifanayo zamahhala ezitholakalayo lapho umhambi wezinesi ozohlala khona ekhuluma nawe bese uzama ukulingana nesimo sakho ngokuhlolwa okusemtholampilo okwamanje etholakalayo.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. Funda mayelana nokufinyelela okufakiwe kanye nezinye izinketho zokwelashwa. Kubuyekezwe 01/01/18. http://www.fda.gov/ForPatients/Other/default.htm