Ukulinganisela Izinzuzo kanye Nezingozi zokwelapha
I-Anticholinergics yiklasi elibanzi lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezithinta ukukhipha nokuphumula kwemisipha.
Zihlanganisa imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isisu esingasebenzi, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, isifo se-asthma, isifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive (COPD) , ama-muscle spasms, i- syndrome eyathukuthela (IBS) , nezinye izimo ezibandakanya ukunyakaza komzimba.
Indlela Izidakamizwa Zisebenza Ngayo
I-Acetylcholine yizinto ezikhiqizwa ngumzimba osebenza njenge-neurotransmitter. Isebenza emangqamuzaneni omzimba ukuze athumele imiyalezo yamakhemikhali ebuchosheni. Ngokwenza njalo, i-acetylcholine ingakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi ethile yezinto eziphilayo ngokubasheshisa noma ukuphungula.
Lezi zihlanganisa imisipha yamathambo ehilelekile ekuhambeni nasezinhlungwini ezibushelelezi ezitholakala enhliziyweni, esiswini, emathunjini, emgodini, nasemaphashini. Amaseli ahilelekile ekuqhekekeni kwalezi zinhlanzi anemitholampilo yezinzwa. Labo abamukela i-acetylcholine babhekwa njenge-cholinergic.
Uma ubhekene nokusebenza okungavamile kwemisipha, kunezidakamizwa ezingavimbela i-acetylcholine ngokubophezela kwi-receptors ye-cholinergic. Ngaphandle kwamandla okuletha imilayezo yamakhemikhali, ukuphikisana kungavalwa futhi izimpawu zikhululiwe.
Sibhekisela kulokhu njengempembelelo ye-anticholinergic.
Ama-side Effects E-Anticholinergic
Ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha, izinhlobo ezithile ze-acetylcholine zilawula imemori, ukufunda, nokuzwa.
Njengoba izidakamizwa ze-anticholinergic aziqondile ezinhlotsheni ze-receptor ezivimbelayo, zingabangela uhla lwemiphumela emibi ethinta umzimba nomqondo.
Lokhu kufaka:
- Umlomo omile ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwezingqungquthela ze-salivary
- Umkhuhlane ngenxa yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus
- Ukungabi nokuthuthumela
- Ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe
- Ukuzwela okukhanya ngenxa yokunciphisa umfundi
- Umbono ophukile noma umbono ophindwe kabili
- Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenhliziyo ukukhokhela izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwemisipha
- Ukubambisana okungalungile ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemisipha
- Ukungahambi kahle kwe-Urinary uma ulele
- Ukuvuza kwe-bowel
- Ukudideka
- Izinkinga zememori
- Ukungaboni kahle
- Ukungakwazi ukugxila
- Ukuthambekela kokudalwa kalula
- Ama-hallucinations
- I-Dementia
Izinzuzo ze-Anticholinergic Effect
Izidakamizwa eziningana zifezekisa imigomo yazo yokwelashwa ngenxa yempembelelo ye-anticholinergic. Ngokunciphisa ukuhamba kwesisu, isibonelo, umuntu angathola ukukhululeka ekuhudo. Ngokufanayo, ukuvinjelwa kokuphefumula okuhlobene ne-asthma ne-COPD kungathuthukiswa uma izitho zamakhemikhali ezithintekayo zivinjelwe.
I-Antispasmodics iyisigaba esisodwa sezidakamizwa lapho umphumela we-anticholinergic kubhekwa njengenzuzo. Nakuba imiphumela emibi ijwayelekile, ukusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane kuhlanganiswe nesilinganiso esincane ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyakwazi ukuphathwa.
Imithi ye-Antispasmodic ene-anticholinergic effect ihlanganisa:
- I-bentyl (i-dicyclomine)
- I-Buscopan (hyoscine butylbromide )
- I-Levsin (i-hyoscyamine)
- I-Lomotil (atropine / diphenoxylate)
- I-Enablex (darifenacin)
- I-Pamine (methylscopalamine)
- I-Spiriva (i-tiotropium bromide)
- I-Symmetrel (i-amantadine)
- I-Vesicare (i-solifenacin)
Imiphumela Engahlosiwe ye-Anticholinergic
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezidakamizwa ezinomthelela ongenqatshelwe we-anticholinergic.
Zihlanganisa ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nokucindezeleka kanye ne-antipsychotics ezikhuphula noma ezinciphisa i-dopamine kanye ne-serotonin neurotransmitters ukushintsha isimo somuntu. Kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa zingavimbela i-acetylcholine futhi ziholele emiphumeleni ye-anticholinergic.
Inselele-ke ukuthi lezi zifo ezicindezelayo kanye nama-antipsychotics zivame ukubekwe phezu kwesikhathi eside, okwenza kube nzima ukuphathwa kwezimpawu.
Ama-antidepressants kanye nama-antipsychotics anezici zokulwa ne-anticholinergic zifaka:
- Elavil (amitriptyline)
- I-Norpramin (deipramine)
- I-Tofranil (i-imipramine)
- I-Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- I-Paxil (i-paroxetine)
- I-Thorazine (i-chlorpromazine)
- I-Clozaril (i-clozapine)
- I-Zyprexa (i-olanzapine)
- I-Mellaril (thioridazine)
Phakathi kokubili kokudluleleka, kunezikhathi lapho izidakamizwa ezingezansi ezithathelwanayo zingasetshenziswa ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli ne-IBS. Umphumela ofanayo ufinyelelwa nge-antipsychotics ephansi-dose nesifo sikaParkinson.
Ngokulinganisa ubuhle kanye nokuntula komphumela we-anticholinergic, odokotela bangathola isidakamizwa esifanele nesilinganiso sokuletha ukwelashwa ngaphandle komthwalo wemiphumela emibi.
Izwi elivela
Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ngenxa ye-anticholinergic imiphumela yomuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela angakwazi ukunciphisa umthamo noma ukuthola ukufaka endaweni efanele.
Kodwa-ke, akufanele ushiye noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma kuqala nodokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela imiphumela embi (ikakhulukazi ngezidakamizwa ezithile zokucindezeleka) ngaphandle kokuba ukwelashwa kancane kancane kukhishwe.
> Umthombo:
> Fox, C .; Smith, T .; Ukuhlambalaza, I. et al. "Umthelela wemithi enezinto zokulwa ne-anticholinergic ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, i-delirium, ukusebenza ngokomzimba nokufa: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile". Ukuguga nokuguga . 2014; 43 (5): 604-15. I-DOI: 10.1093 / ukuguga / afu096.