Isifo se-Sickle-cell (SCD) yihlobo lokuthola i- anemia lapho igazi elibomvu lamasosha liguquka kusuka emjikelezweni ovamile (okufana ne-donut) ukuma kwimoya ende ebonakalayo njengengwebe noma ibhanana. Lawa maseli egazi abomvu agwetshiwe anenkinga yokugeleza emifuleni yegazi futhi angabanjwa. Umzimba uyazibona lezi amangqamuzana ezibomvu zegazi njengezivamile futhi ziwabhubhisa ngokushesha kunalokho okuvamile okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.
Ngabe omunye umuntu uthole kanjani i-SCD?
Isifo se-sickle cell sithatha njengefa, ngakho-ke umuntu uzalwa nalo. Ukuze umuntu azuze i-SCD, bobabili abazali kufanele babe nomphumela we-sickle. Ngezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-SCD, umzali oyedwa unomkhuba wokugqoka futhi omunye umzali unezici ze-hemoglobin C noma isici se-beta thalassemia. Uma bobabili abazali benesici (noma esinye isici), bane-1 ku-4 amathuba okuba nengane ene-SCD. Lokhu kubungozi kwenzeka njalo ukukhulelwa.
Izinhlobo zeSickle-Cell Cell
Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yesifo se-sickle-cell ibizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin SS. Ezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko yi: i-hemoglobin SC, i-sickle beta zero thalassemia, ne-sickle beta kanye ne-thalassemia. I-Hemoglobin SS ne-sickle beta zero thalassemia yizinhlobo ezimbi kunazo zonke zesifo se-sickle-cell futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-sickle cell anemia. Isifo se-Hemoglobin SC sibhekwa njengesizotha futhi ngokuvamile, i-sickle beta kanye ne-thalassemia yiyona ndlela enobumnene kakhulu yesifo se-sickle-cell.
Abantu Baqhathaniswa Njani Nokugula-Isifo Segciwane?
E-United States, zonke izinsana zihlolwe i-SCD ngemva nje kokuzalwa njengengxenye yohlelo lokuhlola ukuzalwa . Uma imiphumela enhle ye-SCD, udokotela wezingane wengane noma isikhungo sendawo yesakhansela sendawo satshelwa ngemiphumela ukuze isiguli sibonakale emtholampilo wesilwane.
Emazweni angenzi ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa, abantu bavame ukutholakala ne-SCD njengezingane uma beqala ukuthola izimpawu.
Izimpawu ze-SCD
Ngoba i-SCD yinkinga yamaseli egazi abomvu umzimba wonke ungathinteka.
Ubuhlungu: Uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazini egazini eboshwe esitokisini segazi, igazi alikwazi ukugeleza endaweni yethambo. Lokhu kubangela ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen kule ndawo nobuhlungu.
Izifo : Ngenxa yokuthi isilwane (isitho esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela) asisebenzi kahle, abantu abanesifo se-sickle-cell basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okukhulu kwama-bacteria. Yingakho izingane ezincane ezinezifo ze-sickle-cell zithatha i-penicillin kabili nsuku zonke.
Ukushaywa yisisu: Uma amaseli obomvu aphethwe ngamagciwane agijimela esikebheni segazi ebuchosheni, ingxenye yengqondo ayitholi i-oxygen ebangela isifo. Lokhu kungabonisa njenge-droop ebusweni, ubuthakathaka bezingalo noma imilenze, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. Izibhamu zingenzeka ezinganeni ezinesifo se-sickle-cell futhi ezifana nabantu abadala abane-stroke, lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Ukukhathala (noma ukukhathala): Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abanesifo se-sickle-cell banesifo esiyingozi, bangase banciphise amandla noma ukukhathala.
Ama-gallstones : Lapho ama-red cells ephulika (okuthiwa i-hemolysis) e-sickle-cell isifo, akhipha i-bilirubin. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwe-bilirubin kungabangela ekuthuthukiseni kwamatshe amancane.
Ukuzikhethela : Uma amangqamuzana e-sickle eboshelwe epeniseni , lokhu kuholela ekwakheni okubuhlungu, okungafuneki okubizwa ngokuthi i-priapism.
Ukwelashwa kwe-SCD
I-penicillin : Ngomabili ngosuku, i-penicillin iqalwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilongwa (ngokuvamile ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala). Ukuthatha i-penicillin kabili nsuku zonke kuze kuphele iminyaka engu-5 kufakazelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka okukhulu kwegciwane.
Ukugonywa : Ukugonywa kunganciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka okukhulu kwebhaktheriya.
Ukumpontshelwa igazi : Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izixazululo ezithile zesifo se-sickle-cell njenge-anemia ejulile noma isifo se-chest syndrome, ukucindezeleka kwamaphaphu. Futhi, iziguli ezinezifo ze-sickle-cell eziye zahlaselwa isifo noma isengozini enkulu yokushaywa isifo zithola ukufakwa kwegazi esimisweni sanyangazonke ukuvikela izinkinga eziqhubekayo.
I-Hydroxyurea : I- Hydroxyurea yiyona kuphela imithi eqinisekisiwe ye-FDA yokwelapha isifo se-sickle-cell. I-Hydroxyurea iye yaboniswa ukunciphisa i-anemia kanye nezinkinga zesifo se-sickle-cell njengobuhlungu kanye nesifo sofuba esifubeni.
Ukufakelwa kwe-bone marrow : Ukuguqulwa komnyosa we-bone yikhambi kuphela le-sickle-cell. Impumelelo engcono yale nqubo ifika lapho umlingani ohambelana naye ekwazi ukunikela ngamaseli amancane.