Indlela Ukugonywa Kanjani Ukudlala Umsebenzi Ekwelapha Ukwelashwa KweSickle Cell

Ukubuyekezwa kokugonywa kanye nezifo zeSickle Cell

Ukugoma cishe akusikho okucabangayo uma ucabanga ngokuphathwa kwezokwelapha. Cishe kukhona into oxhumana ngayo nezingane ezincane ezisencane futhi ezisengozini yokutheleleka. Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha lapho ukugoma okufika isikhathi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa. Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nokugonywa yingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa okuphelele kwe-sickle cell.

Kungani Abantu Abagulayo Isifo Segciwane Esengozini Yokutheleleka Ngezifo?

Abantu abanesifo se- sickle cell baqala ukulimala komzimba ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Enye yezitho zokuqala ezithintekile yi-pengu. I-spleen iyisitho esincane ngakwesobunxele besisu esisingaphansi kwesigubhu. I-spleen ihlunga igazi bese isusa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu endala.

I-spleen iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba. Isebenza izindima ezimbili ezibalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela emzimbeni: ukuhlunga amabhaktheriya (ikakhulukazi amabhaktheriya abizwa ngokuthi amabhaktheriya ahlanganisiwe) nokukhiqiza i-lymphocytes, iseli elimhlophe legazi elisiza ekwenzeni izifo ezilwa namagciwane ukutheleleka noma ekuphenduleni ukugonywa.

Amaseli abomvu ahlanzekile kumele afinyelele kwezinye izindawo ezincane kakhulu. Lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egibela ngepeni, ayalimaza ubhedu. Lo monakalo uvele ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi kubantu abanesifo esinzima se-sickle cell, umsebenzi we-spleen ulahlekile ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5.

Ukulahlekelwa komsebenzi we-splenic kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

Yiziphi Izigciwane Ezifanele Abantu Abagula Ngamagciwane Esigulayo?

1. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae : Lezi zinambuzane ziyimbangela evamile ye-pneumonia kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ukwengeza, kungabangela i- meningitis (ukutheleleka kwendwangu yobuchopho), i-bacacteremia (ukutheleleka kwamagciwane egazini) noma i- sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi okubangela ukusabela okukhulu okuvuvukala).

1. I-Neisseria meningitidis : Lezi zinambuzane yiyona imbangela eyodwa ye-bacteria meningitis ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Kungabangela futhi i-bacterium noma i-sepsis.
2. I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b : Ngaphambi kokugoma komzimba, lezi zibhaktheriya zazivame ukuba imbangela ehamba phambili ye-meningitis ezinganeni. Akufanele kudidaniswe negciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
3. Umkhuhlane : Umkhuhlane igciwane elidala izifo zokuphefumula. Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell abahlakulela ukutheleleka nge-influenza cishe bangeniswa esibhedlela. Ukwengeza, ukutheleleka komkhuhlane kungabangela izinkinga zamaphaphu njenge-syndrome efuba esifubeni.

Ukugonywa Komuntu Ophethe Isifo Segciwane Lesifo

1. Ukugonywa kwe-pneumococcal. Le migomo ivikela ukutheleleka kwe-Streptococcus pneumonia. Uchungechunge lokuqala lunikezwa zonke izinsana (2, 4, 6, no 12-15 ubudala ubudala). Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Prevnar 13 noma i-PCV13. Izingane ezinesifo se-sickle cell kufanele zithole i-Pneumovax (noma i-PPSV23) eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala kanye nomthamo wesibili eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva.
2. Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal. Zonke izingane zigonywe ngokumelene neNeisseria meningitidis kepha izingane ezinegciwane lesifo se-sickle zithola lezi zigonyo ngaphambili. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwamukela ukugoma: njengengxenye yokugonywa kwezinsana (njalo ku-2, 4, 6, no-12 -15 izinyanga ubudala), noma ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-7 (amanani amabili). Lo mgomo ubizwa ngokuthi i-Menveo noma i-Menactra (MCV4). Lokhu kugonywa kudinga ama-booster shots kulo lonke impilo. Ngo-2016, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-meningococcus uhlobo B kwanezelwa ezincomo futhi kunganikezwa ngochungechunge lwezintambo ezimbili noma ezintathu kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-10.

1. Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b. Ukugonywa kweHaemophilus kuyingxenye yokugonywa komzimba ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila (amanani amane). Lokhu kugonywa kuthiwa yi-Hib futhi kunganikezwa ngokuhambisana nezinye ukugoma.
2. Umkhuhlane. Ukugonywa nomkhuhlane wonyaka kunconywa kubantu abanegciwane lesifo se-sickle cell. Imithi yokukhulelwa ingasetshenziswa minyaka yonke kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 ubudala. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umuntu oneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-8 ethola umgomo wokugoma, ama-dose amabili ayadingeka (okungenani amasonto amane ngaphandle). Ngemuva kwalokho, umthamo owodwa kuphela odingekayo unyaka ngamunye. Umgomo uguqulwa minyaka yonke ngakho kufanele unikezwe unyaka ngamunye. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inkathi yemfuluwenza iqala kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Uma uthola umgomo wakho wokugonywa ngoJanuwari, uzodinga enye emva kuka-Okthoba ukumboza inkathi entsha yomkhuhlane.

Lezi zifo zizwakala ziyesabekayo, kodwa ngenhlanhla, lezi zinkompilo ziye zancipha kakhulu. Ukwengeza, i-penicillin inikezwa izingane ezinegciwane lesifo segciwane kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni eyi-5 ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nalokhu kugonywa, sicela uxoxe nabo nodokotela wakho.

> Imithombo:

> Amashejuli Wokugoma I-CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html

> Field JJ, Vichinsky EP no DeBaun MR. Sibutsetelo ngokuphathwa nokubikezelwa kwesifo se-sickle cell. Ku: Phezulu, I-Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, WA. (Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 19, 2016.)